• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2010

Purpose : This study aimed to examine the relationships among five clinical measures for functional alignment of the lower extremity. Methods : Thirty healthy subjects (15 males and 15 females) were recruited for the study. The five clinical measures of functional alignment of the lower extremity included navicular drop, quadriceps angle, internal rotation of hip, and anterior and lateral pelvic tilt angles. The level of navicular drop was calculated by the difference between the height of the navicular bone in the sitting (non-weight bearing) and standing (weight bearing) positions. The quadriceps angle and internal rotation of hip were measured using a standard goniometer with photographic markers while the subjects were lying in a prone position on a table with their knee at $90^{\circ}$ flexion. Anterior and lateral pelvic tilt angles were determined using a inclinometer. Results : Correlation and a simple linear regression analysis were used to assess relationships between the clinical measures. There were significant correlations between navicular drop and quadriceps angle (p<.05), between navicular drop and internal rotation of hip (p<.05), and between quadriceps angle and internal rotation of hip (p<.01). In simple linear regression analysis, the navicular drop appeared to be a factor affecting the quadriceps angle and internal rotation of hip (p<.05). The findings suggest that navicular drop has a great impact on lower extremity alignment. Conclusion : This study might help us to examine lower extremity function and clarify its role as a potential injury risk factor.

• 천문학논총
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.605-607
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• 2015

The development of time-frequency analysis techniques allow astronomers to successfully deal with the non-stationary time series that originate from unstable physical mechanisms. We applied a recently developed time-frequency analysis method, the Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT), to two non-stationary phenomena: the superorbital modulation in the high-mass X-ray binary SMC X-1 and the quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) of the AGN RE J1034+396. From the analysis of SMC X-1, we obtained a Hilbert spectrum that shows more detailed information in both the time and frequency domains. Then, a phase-resolved analysis of both the spectra and the orbital profiles was presented. From the spectral analysis, we noticed that the iron line production is dominated by different regions of this binary system in different superorbital phases. Furthermore, a pre-eclipse dip lying at orbital phase ~0:6-0:85 was discovered during the superorbital transition state. We further applied the HHT to analyze the QPO of RE J1034+396. From the Hilbert spectrum and the O-C analysis results, we suggest that it is better to divide the evolution of the QPO into three epochs according to their different periodicities. The correlations between the QPO periods and corresponding fluxes were also different in these three epochs. The change in periodicity and the relationships could be interpreted as the change in oscillation mode based on the diskoseismology model.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.44-48
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• 2013

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate changes of abdominal muscles thickness according to the angle during the active straight leg raise (ASLR) in young healthy subjects. Design: Cross sectional study. Methods: Twenty-three healthy university students (13 men and 10 women) voluntary participated to the study in S University. The ASLR was performed with the subject lying supine with lower extremities straight on a standard plinth, hands resting on the chest, and elbows on the plinth. When one subject performed ASLR from each angles ($30^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$), compared changes in the thickness of rectus abdominis muscle. Changes in muscle thickness during ASLR test were assessed with ultrasonography. All subjects were to provide enough time of rest after performed ASLR. Rectus abdominis thickness were measured using rehabilitative ultrasound image. Results: Good quality rectus abdominal muscle activation data were recorded during ASLR. The length changes of linea alba showed significantly shorter in between $0^{\circ}$ and $30^{\circ}$ (p<0.05). The thickness of rectus abdominis muscle were significantly different between $0^{\circ}$ and $30^{\circ}$, $0^{\circ}$ and $45^{\circ}$, $0^{\circ}$ and $60^{\circ}$, $0^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$. According to increase of pelvic angle, the thickness of rectus abdominis muscle were more thickening (p<0.05). Conclusions: This result is changes of abdominal muscles thickness according to the angle during the ASLR.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2020

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the immediate effects of intervention using neuromuscular control, self-stretching (SS), and neck stabilization exercises (NSEs) on neck pain, range of motion (ROM), and proprioception of position sense in adults with neck discomfort. Design: Three-group pretest-posttest design. Methods: Forty-four adults who complained of neck pain participated in the experiment. They were randomly assigned to the following groups: neuromuscular control exercise (NMCE) group (n=15), SS group (n=14) and NSE group (n=15). The NMCE group did rolling with only upper limb pattern on both sides. The SS group performed neck stretching on each side, 3 sets of 30 seconds for each muscle. The NSE group had the pressure biofeedback applied with increases in pressure by 2 mmHg at a time from 20-30 mmHg while in the hook-lying position. All groups performed exercises for 10 minutes. Neck pain, ROM, and proprioception were measured to determine differences between the intervention methods. Results: Intra-group comparisons showed significant improvement after exercise in pain, ROM, and proprioception in the NMC group (p<0.05). In the comparison between groups, the NMC group had a significant decrease in pain compared to the other two groups (p<0.05). There was no difference in ROM between the groups but the NMC group showed significant improvement in left rotation compared to the stabilization exercise group (p<0.05). For proprioception, the NMC group had significantly lower error than the other two groups (p<0.05). Conclusions: NMCEs through upper extremity pattern rolling exercise is effective in improving neck pain, ROM, and proprioception.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.655-661
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• 1989

고추건조에 있어서 품질의 최적화를 위한 최적건조 공기온도와 상대습도를 수학적 최적화기법에 의하여 찾았다. 얻어진 최적 건조조건을 품질변화 kinetics와 제어변수가 상태변수의 변화에 미치는 영향을 관점에서 분석하였다. Carotenoids의 보존과 갈변억제를 위한 최적 건조조건은 거의 일치하였다. 2단계 건조의 최적 조건은 상대습도는 약 10%의 하한값을 취하면서 첫 번째 단계 건조에서 50%의 하한온도를 취하고 두 번째 단계 건조에서는 고온으로 증가하였다. 두 번째 단계 건조온도와 단계 이동시간은 전체건조 소요시간에 따라 달랐다. 제어변수가 시간에 대해 일정한 경우의 고추건조를 반응표면 분석에 의하여 제어변수의 영향을 살펴볼 때 최적점이 하한의 상대습도에서 목적건조 수분함량 0.2(건물기준)를 얻을 수 있는 가장 낮은 건조온도로 결정됨이 확인되었다. 2단계 건조는 건조 소요시간이 비교적 짧을 때 3-5%의 목적함수 개선의 효과가 있었다.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.185-200
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• 2016

지리학은 대체적으로 인간과 환경 간의 상호연관에 대해 관심을 가지고 있다. 특히, 인간과 환경 간의 연관성은 작은 도서국가의 환경이 변화하는 모습에서 나타난다. 태평양의 저지대 산호도인 투발루는 기후변화의 원인에 주된 책임을 갖고 있지 않지만 투발루의 인구압은 지속적으로 기후변화로 인한 자원의 이용불가능과 환경적 불안정성에 영향을 받고 있다. 환경지리학과 인구지리학의 맥락 속에서 투발루의 환경적 위기와 이주민에 대한 주변 태평양 도서국과의 관계를 살펴보려 한다. 투발루인의 이주는 인구과잉과 직면된 수용 능력면에서 어떠한 어려움을 겪고 있으며 국내, 국외 이주민의 정착상황에 대해 알아볼 것이다. 이 연구는 환경 변화의 관계에서 투발루인의 이주패턴, 담론 및 전망을 분석하면서 인구지리학적인 맥락에서 현대이주문헌을 조사하려 한다.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.119-128
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• 1999

제품계획에서 제품기획탐색은 세부적인 제품컨셉에 우선하여 제품으로서의 기능성을 분석하는 것으로, 제품환경변화의 분석에 따라 제품의 기회를 발견하여 생산자의 모든 자원과 비교함으로서 새로운 시장을 파악하는 것이다. 따라서 제품기회탐색에는 시장이나 제품에 대한 다양한 데이터와 이를 바탕으로 한 정확한 분석과 직관련이 요구된다. 특히 시장에서 제품을 둘러싼 제반환경의 급격한 변화에 의해 보다 적절하고 다양한 제품정보의 획득과 활용의 중요성이 부각되고 있다. 이러한 상황을 배경으로 할 때 가장 시급하고도 중요한 것은 필요한 제품정보의 유형을 밝히고, 이에 따라 데이터베이스를 구축하는 일이며, 단순히 데이터만을 모아놓는 것이 아니라 문맥정보로의 변환을 위해 체계적인 시스템화가 이루어져야 한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 제품속성을 기준으로 제품디자인 데이터 베이스의 개념적 구조를 밝혔으며 이에 따라 프로토타입을 작성하였다. 또 개발된 프로토타입을 이용하여 데이터를 탐색하고 분석하여 구체적인 제품기회를 얻기 위해 제품경향을 파악하는 일련의 과정을 소형카메라를 사례로 하여 제시하였다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.555-560
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• 2005

The nose is shaped as a pyramid and is the most prominent portion of the face. Nasal bone fractures are thus more frequent than those of the maxilla and zygoma. Whether the nasal bone fractures are corrected or not due to unnecessity of surgical treatment, the incidence of posttraumatic deformity occurs frequently. In Asian patients, even the corrected noses look low-lying and flat. To resolve these problems, we corrected the posttraumatic deformity of the nose with a combined procedure of nasal ostectomy and augmentation rhinoplasty. From 2000 to 2004, this procedure was performed in fifteen patients with posttraumatic nasal deformity. There were four female and eleven male patients with an average age of 32 years(range 19 to 52 years). All patients had previous trauma history. Of these, closed reduction was performed on 13 patients and no treatment was 2 patients. The deformed noses were corrected through lower columellar incision, by ostectomy or osteomy, and augmentation with silicone implant. We gained satisfactory results of correcting the deformed noses, except one case with implant deviation. Our method for the correction of traumatic nasal deformity proves to be simple and safe. The camouflage effect with silicone implant overcomes an unsatisfactory correction and brings a excellent cosmetic results.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2013

Objectives: The present study investigated the potential subacute toxicity of 1,4-dichlorobutane (1,4-DCB) by a 2-week repeated oral dose in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Materials and Methods: The test chemical was administered once daily by gavage to male rats at dose levels of 0, 74, 222, 667, and 2000 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks. All rats were sacrificed at the end of treatment period. During the test period, clinical signs, mortality, body weights, food and water consumption, urinalysis, hematology, serum biochemistry, gross findings, and organ weights were examined. Results: At 2000 mg/kg/day, treatment-related clinical signs, as evidenced by hypothermia, decreased locomotor activity, piloerection, lying on side, and prone position were observed. All the rats were found dead on test day 2. At 667 mg/kg/day, polyuria, suppressed body weight gain, food consumption, and spleen and thymus weights, and increased adrenal gland and liver weights were observed.Hematological and serum biochemical investigations revealed increases in the alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphataseand total bilirubinand decreases in the serum $Na^+$ level, white blood cell count and lymphocyte ratio. There were no treatment-related adverse effects in the 74 and 222 mg/kg/day groups. Conclusions: In the present experimental conditions, target organs were determined to be spleen, thymus,and liver. The no-observed-adverse-effect level was considered to be 222 mg/kg/day in male rats.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.241-247
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• 2005

HM10760 is a recombinant human erythropoietin that has beer developed as a drug for anemia. In this study, antigenic potential of HM10760 was examined by active systemic anaphylaxis in guinea pigs and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in a guinea pig-guinea pig system. HM10760 was subcutaneously administered at 0, 2, and $20{\mu}g/kg$ and also as a suspension with adjuvant ($20{\mu}g/kg$ + FCA). Ovalbumin as a suspension with adjuvant was administered to induce positive control responses. In the active systemic anaphylaxis test, no symptoms except rubbing or licking nose and urination that were considered as physiological phenomena were observed at $0{\mu}g/kg$. Four of 5 animals at $2{\mu}g/kg$ and all the 5 animals at $20{\mu}g/kg$ showed cyanosis and lying on side. All animals in the adjuvant mixture group showed relatively mild symptoms such as rubbing or licking nose, urination, and evacuation. In the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test, 0/5, 3/5, and 5/5 serum samples from the animals immunized with 0, 2, and $20{\mu}g/kg$, respectively, showed positive reactions against HM10760. All 5 sera collected from the animals immunized with an adjuvant mixture contained HM10760-specific antibodies. These results suggest HM10760 have antigenicity in guinea pigs.