• PNF and Movement
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.151-159
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the activation of the contralateral upper and lower extremities and trunk muscle during ipsilateral upper extremity diagonal isokinetic exercise. Methods: Twenty-one healthy male subjects with no history of shoulder injury undertook ipsilateral diagonal isokinetic exercise at 60, 120, and $180^{\circ}/sec$, utilizing a standard Biodex protocol. Muscle activation amplitudes were measured in the upper trapezius, pectoralis major, biceps brachii, rectus abdominis, external oblique, rectus femoris, adductor longus, and biceps femoris muscles using electromyography. A one-way analysis of variance and paired t-tests were conducted, and the data were analyzed using SPSS, version 21.0. Results: The results revealed no statistically significant interaction between motion and angular velocity and no statistically significant contralateral muscle activation according to angular velocity (p>0.05). However, they revealed statistically significant contralateral muscle activation according to motion (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that the movements involved in contralateral upper extremity diagonal isokinetic exercise can enhance muscle strength in patients affected by stroke, fracture, burns, or arthritis.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.187-191
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of a muscle activity by applying the complex exercise method of sling in accordance with the provision of various vibration intensities for paraplegia-spinal cord injury. Method: The subjects of the study were 15 men in their 40s and 50s with lower limb disabilities and low potential risk, who were randomly divided into a sling exercise group (SG n=4), a sling with low frequency vibration group (SLVG n=4), a sling with mid-frequency vibration group (SMVG n=4), and a sling with high frequency group (SHVG n=4) in accordance with the provision of slings and vibration stimuli. The vibratory intensity provided was divided into low frequency (30 Hz), mid-frequency (50 Hz), and high frequency (70 Hz). The anterior deltoid (AD), the posterior deltoid (PD), the pectoralis major (PM), the upper trapezius (UT), the latissimus dorsi (LD), and the multifidus (MF) were measured to compare and analyze muscle activity. Results: The closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercise to the shoulder joint showed higher muscle activity in most muscles for the SMVG, and statistically significant differences in the anterior deltoid (AD), the pectoralis major (PM), and the multifidus (MF) in particular. Conclusion: The intermediate frequency (50 Hz) string vibration was the effective vibration stimuli for Closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercises.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2019

Background: Winged scapular (WS) causes muscle imbalance with abnormal patterns when moving the arm. In particular, the over-activation of the upper trapezius (UT) and decrease in activity of the lower trapezius (LT) and serratus anterior (SA) produce abnormal scapulohumeral rhythm. Therefore, the SA requires special attention in all shoulder rehabilitation programs. In fact, many previous studies have been devoted to the SA muscle strength training needed for WS correction. Objects: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of shoulder girdle muscle and ratio according to the angle of shoulder abduction and external weight in supine position. Methods: Twenty three WS patients participated in this experiment. They performed scapular protraction exercise in supine position with the weights of 0 kg, 1 kg, 1.5 kg, and 2 kg at shoulder abduction angles of $0^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, and $90^{\circ}$. The angle and weight applications were randomized. Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to collect the EMG data of the SA, pectoralis major (PM), and UT during the exercise. The ratio of PM/SA and UT/SA was confirmed. Two-way repeated analyses of variance were used to determine the statistical significance of SA, PM, and UT and the ratios of PM/SA and UT/SA. Results: There was a significant difference in SA according to angle (p<.05). Significant differences were also identified depending on the angle and weight (p<.05). The angle of abduction at $0^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$ and weight of 2 kg showed the highest SA activity. However, there was no significant difference between PM and UT (p>.05). There was a significant difference between PM/SA and UT/SA in ratio of muscle activity according to angle (p<.05). Significant differences were found at PM/SA angles of $30^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$ (p<.05). For UT/SA, significant difference was only observed at $90^{\circ}$ (p<.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, in order to strengthen the SA, it was found to be most effective to use 1 and 1.5 kg weights with abduction angles of $0^{\circ}$ and $30^{\circ}$ at shoulder protraction in supine position.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of visual electromyography (EMG) biofeedback on the EMG activity of the lower trapezius (LT), serratus anterior (SA), and upper trapezius (UT) muscles, the LT/UT and SA/UT EMG activity ratios, and the scapular upward rotation angle during scapular posterior tilting exercise (SPTE). Twenty-four subjects with round-shoulder posture participated in this study. The EMG activities of the LT, SA, and UT were collected during SPTE both without and with visual EMG biofeedback. The scapular upward rotation angle was measured at the baseline, after SPTE without visual EMG biofeedback, and after SPTE with visual EMG biofeedback. The LT, SA, and UT EMG activities, and the LT/UT and SA/UT EMG activity ratios were analyzed by paired t-test. The scapular upward rotation angle was statistically analyzed using one-way repeated analysis of variance. If a significant difference was found, a Bonferroni correction was performed (p=.05/3=.017). The EMG activities of LT and SA significantly increased, and the EMG activity of UT significantly decreased during SPTE with visual EMG biofeedback compared to SPTE without visual EMG biofeedback (p<.05). In addition, the LT/UT and SA/UT EMG activity ratios significantly increased during SPTE with visual EMG biofeedback compared to SPTE without visual EMG biofeedback (p<.05). Significant increases were found in the scapular upward rotation angle after SPTE without and with visual EMG biofeedback compared to baseline (p<.017), and no significant differences were observed in the scapular upward rotation angle between SPTE without and with visual EMG biofeedback. In conclusion, SPTE using visual EMG biofeedback may be an effective method for increasing LT and SA activities while reducing UT activity.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.341-347
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 4가지 자세의 푸시업 플러스(PUP) 운동 시 5번째와 7번째의 앞톱니근(SA), 위등세모근(UT), 중간등세모근(MT), 아래등세모근(LT), 큰가슴근(PM)의 근활성도를 알아보는 것이다. 25명의 대상자가 다양한 자세의 PUP 융합 운동 (일반자세, $90^{\circ}$, $120^{\circ}$, BOSU)을 실시하였다. 각 근육의 근활성도를 비교하기 위하여 반복 측정된 분산분석을 적용하였다. 다양한 PUP 융합 운동동안 SA7, PM, UT, MT에서 유의한 차이가 있었다(p <.05). SA7은 PUP 와 $90^{\circ}PUP$, BOSUPUP에서 각각 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p <.05). PM은 $90^{\circ}PUP$와 PUP, BOSUPUP에서 각각 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p <.05). UT은 $90^{\circ}PUP$와 PUP, BOSUPUP에서 각각 유의한 차이가 나타났다 (p <.05). MT는 $90^{\circ}PUP$와 PUP, $120^{\circ}PUP$, 그리고 PUP와 $120^{\circ}PUP$에서 유의한 차이가 있었다(p <.05). 본 연구 결과, 어깨의 기능부전이 없는 대상자가 어깨 안정근을 훈련할 때 일반적인 PUP가 효과적일 것이다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.624-631
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 머리 전방 자세 성인에 대하여 8주간 슬링에서의 푸쉬업 플러스 운동이 근활성도와 폐기능에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 하였다. 총 16명의 머리 전방 자세 성인이 모집 되었고 대조군과 실험군으로 각 8명씩 배정 되었다. 슬링에서의 니푸쉬업 플러스와 안정한 면에서 니푸쉬업 플러스 운동을 2015년 7월 6일부터 8월 28일까지 8주간 나누어 시행하였고 주 3회 실시하였다. 머리 척추각을 측정시 두군에서 (p<0.001)의 증가를 보였고 머리 회전각 측정시 대조군에서 (p<0.05), 실험군에서 (p<0.001)의 감소를 보였다. 두 군에서 근활성도는 위 등세모근(p<0.001)의 감소와 앞톱니근, 아래 등세모근의(p<0.001)의 증가를 나타내었고 폐기능 측정시 대조군에서(p<0.01), 실험군에서(p<0.001)의 증가를 보였다. 결론적으로 푸쉬업 플러스 운동은 머리 전방 자세를 개선시키고 호흡근들의 활성화를 높일뿐더러 폐기능 강화에 효과적이며 슬링에서의 푸쉬업 플러스 운동이 머리 전방 자세의 개선에는 더욱 효과적이지만 폐기능에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 따라서 슬링에서의 푸쉬업 플러스 운동은 머리 전방자세 성인의 자세 개선과 폐기능에 효과적인 운동으로 추천 된다.

• 재활복지공학회논문지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 로잉 운동 시 팔의 운동 궤적별 상 하지 근육활성화와 근력변화를 고찰하였다. 피험자는 로잉운동이나 운동관련 상해경험이 없는 20대 남성 20명을 대상으로 진행하였다. 피험자들은 기존의 운동궤적으로 운동을 하는 대조군과 새로운 운동궤적으로 운동을 하는 훈련으로 각각 10명씩 나누어 실험을 진행하였다. 운동은 총 8주간 주 3일 운동을 실시하였다. 운동 중 실시간 근전도를 측정하였으며 매주 1회 관절토크를 측정하였다. 실시간 근전도 결과 운동궤적에 따라 서로 다른 근육활성개시구간을 나타냈다. 이는 운동궤적에 따라 운동추진력을 다른 근육에서 활성화 하는 것을 의미하며, 관절토크 변화에서도 운동궤적에 따라 다른 변화를 나타냈다. 직선궤적운동에서는 상지 보다는 하지의 토크 변화가 컸으며 이는 운동 추진력을 하지 위주로 발생되는 것을 의미한다. 타원궤적운동에서는 상지, 요추, 하지 모두에서 큰 토크 변화가 나타났으며 이는 운동 추진력을 단관절이 아닌 다관절에서 발생되는 것으로 판단된다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제67권7호
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• pp.910-916
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• 2018

In this paper, we developed a shoulder rehabilitation exercise device and monitoring system to remotely provide rehabilitation system for the ones who need shoulder exercises including the patients with rotator cuff rupture. In order to evaluate the severity of shoulder muscle injury, a total of 4 shoulder rehabilitation exercises ((3) shoulder abduction, (2) shoulder flexion, (3) shoulder abduction with elbow flexion, (4) shoulder extension with elbow flexion) were selected and instructed to be performed with a 3 kg dumbbell for 5 times. For EMG (electromyogram) signal analysis, each subject's maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) was measured. EMG signals reflect the activation level of contracting muscles during dynamic exercises. Six participants' muscle activation levels in posterior deltoid, middle deltoid, upper trapezius, and infraspinatus were measured and compared. The mean power spectrum values in the time and frequency domains were compared between two age-matched groups (20s and 50s). The results showed lower muscle activation in the elderly subjects (n=3) compared to that of the ones in their twenties (n=3).

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.48-56
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• 2014

The aim of this study to investigate the effects of craniocervical flexion on muscle activities of scapular upward rotators during push-up plus exercise in subjects with winging scapula. Eighteen males with scapular winging were recruited, and each subject performed knee push-up plus and other exercises, in two conditions (craniocervical flexion vs. natural head positions). A surface electromyography (EMG) was used to measure upper trapezius (UT), serratus anterior (SA), and lower trapezius (LT) muscle activity. A paired t-test was used to determine the statistical significance between the different condition with/without applying of craniocervical flexion. UT EMG activity significantly decreased and SA EMG activity significantly increased during knee push-up plus involving the craniocervical flexion compared to the natural head position. However, no significant differences (p>.05) were found in the activity of the LT muscle. The UT/SA ratios with and without craniocervical flexion showed a significant difference (p<.05). These results showed that the knee push-up plus other exercises performed with craniocervical flexion could strengthen the serratus anterior muscle and minimize the activity of the UT muscle.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.128-133
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• 2022

Objective: This study was executed to compare and analyze shoulder muscle activation while using an inelastic bar and elastic bar during overhead press exercise. The stability and coordination of shoulder joints will be investigated by measuring and analyzing the EMG of the upper and lower arm muscles. Method: A total of 20 university male students were recruited by dividing into 2 groups; 10 elastic bar participants (age: 20.17 ± 0.41 yrs, height: 174.31 ± 3.34 cm, weight: 74.68 ± 5.65 kg) and 10 inelastic bar participants (age: 20.09 ± 0.23 yrs, height: 173.53 ± 4.11 cm, weight: 75.32 ± 3.31 kg) participated in this study. Results: The EMG analysis results of the four muscles measured in this study showed that there was no difference between the left and right muscles between the groups in Upper Trapezius muscle. In Deltoid, Infraspinatus, and Rectus Abdominis muscles, the elastic bar group was significantly higher than the inelastic bar group between groups, and there was no difference between left and right. Conclusion: Among the four muscles measured in this study, there was no difference between left and right in Deltoid, Infraspinatus, and Rectus Abdominis, but the elastic bar showed significantly higher muscle activity than the inelastic bar. Therefore, it was found that the elastic bar increases muscle activation during exercise than the inelastic bar, and in particular, it further increases muscle activation of the arms and torso, and exercise using the elastic bar can increase neuromuscular stabilization.