• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.13 no.3 s.56
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• pp.414-424
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• 2005

This study was aimed to alter slacks pattern of ready-to-wear clothing appropriate for the lower body types of male university students of sports majors. The subjects used for this study were 151 male sports majors between $18{\sim}27$ years of age. Characteristics of the respondents were ascertained by means of questionnaires and an evaluation of a total of 36 lower body features. The characteristics of the lower body were depended on sport activities. In particular, bodybuilding students demonstrated a somatotype with an increased circumference, depth, and width of the thigh and lower body. The somatotypes were classified into 3 types by means of a cluster analysis employing 5 factors. The bodybuilding was selected for alter slacks pattern because of the grand variation of lower body types. A lining evaluation of slacks pattern was made for the male sports collegians in bodybuilding-major. The results of evaluation shows that the research pattern was better than a ready-made slacks pattern. Specially the hip and thigh parts were more comfortable to sports major students.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.102-108
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• 2004

The anthropometric measurement and the photometric measurement for have been conducted 358 children from 4 years old to 6 years old to design children's clothing. The characteristics of body type were grasped among total 44 measurement items according to the aging, being extracted seven factors from factor analysis. From cluster analysis among the seven factors the three body types were classified. Type 1 shows low fat body with a small figure and short upper body. The body has a round belly and waist. Type 2 shows the fattest body with an average height. The body has been backed with lower shoulders. Type 3 shows common fat body with a high height and a big figure. The body shows crooked round back with a big upper body and rising shoulders.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.159-175
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• 1997

The purpose of the study is to analyze the pattern of human developmental growth with empirical anthropometric data for the establishment of the sizing system of junior high school student\`s uniforms. The sample size was 881 boys and 762 girls between age 12 and 14. An anthropometric database used for this study was the 1992 national anthropometric survey of Korea. The result obtained are as follows ; 1. Several items of anthropometric data on junior high school students students showed significant differences in accordance with age and sex. In the meantime, there was no difference on the item of height under the age of 12 between sex, however, significant difference on that age of 13 or over. The hip girth was the biggest growth rate among tyhe item of girth. The somatotype of boys is straight, while girls\` shows a curved line. The bodytype of girls shows slim waist, fat belly and hip girth. 2. The result of factor analysis indicated that the first factor was composed with girth, depth and width-measures, and the second factor of height, length-measures. The third factors were consisted of items of representing bodytype of trunk, and the fourth, bodytype of lower part of trunk. 3. The result of cluster analysis indicated that boys were sybdivided into 3 types and girls 4 types.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.124-136
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• 2009

This study was focused on classifying lower-body trunk and revealing the lower-body characteristics of the Chinese males in their 20s through 40s for their slacks pattern design. Compared with the 20s, the subjects in their 30s and 40s had small vertical and big horizontal sizes and showed a somatotype difference through a horizontal change. According to the size of absolute values, the lower body of Chinese men was "tall and normal trunk"(43.9%). Based on the shape of index values, Type 3(40.3%) was representative with average hip-surface length, waist-hip width difference and long upper hip. While Type 3 was seen a lot in the 20s(51.8%), 30s and 40s were each represented by Type 2(47.1%) with the smallest waist-hip width difference, average upper hip, and long hip-surface length and Type 1(45.9%) with small waist-hip width difference, average upper hip, and short hip-surface length. As this study is confined to Ningbo City of Zhejiang Province and has a small number of subjects, the generalization of the findings should be more serious. Further research will be centered on the development of slacks patterns in consideration of the body type changes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.51-69
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to classify the body shapes. exclusive of size and corpulence factors of more than 60-year old elderly women by distinctions, and to investigate the visual effects of combination of ensemble suit details. For the body shape classification, the factor analysis and cluster analysis were performed : the mean value difference of numeral values for classified types were tested by ANOVA : and the follow-up test was conducted by the Duncan's multiple ranged test. The data analysis for visual effects evaluated by a multiple ranking test was analysed by mean. paired t-test, ANOVA and Duncan's multiple ranged test. The results are summarized as follows : 1. The followings are the types of body shape according to the shape factors of the front line of body for elderly women. The distinctions of the front li e of elderly women's body could be presumed; that was, Body typeⅠ was a comparatively well-balanced body type, Body type Ⅱ was close to an average body type. and Body type In was a severely corpulent body type. 2. The followings are the results on the physical visual effects inducing the constituents of clothing type. 1) The neckline·collar types of a jacket have a great influence on the visual effects of the upper body, and orderly. the tailored collar. soutien collar, and round neckline had positive influence on the visual effects in the upper body. 2) The pleat types of one-piece dress had positive influence on the visual effects in the lower body in the order of gored type, pleats type, and gathered type. Also. the balance in the lower body had more influence on the overall balance of the clothing compared to the constituents of clothing type such as neckline collar type or opening line. 3) It showed that whether there is the front opening line of a jacket influenced on the visual effects of all categories.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.85-100
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to analyze body measurements, BMI and body type according to age in the male and female groups based on 3D scan body measurement data of adult men and women in their 20's~30's and to provide basic information usable in the clothing and fashion industry. For this purpose, we analyzed 3D scan body measurement data of 848 adults measured in the 6th Size Korea project and the results were as follows. First, there were differences in 3D scan body measurements according to age in the male and female groups, and in general the measurements of the height items were larger in younger adults and the measurements of the circumference, breadth and depth items were larger in older ones. Second, there were differences in 3D scan body measurements according to BMI in the male and female groups, and in general body measurements were largest in the obesity group and lowest in the underweight group. Third, BMI was different according to gender and in general BMI was higher in men and obesity and overweight were more frequent in men than in women. Moreover, BMI was significantly different according to age and was higher in the 30's than in the 20's. Fourth, the mean difference in the drop and lower drop values according to age in the male and female groups was significant, and the drop and lower drop values were lower in the 30's than in the 20's. These results are considered meaningful as data for the development of clothing size systems, patterns and grading in the areas of clothing and fashion targeting consumers in their 20's~30's.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.226-236
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to classify the torso shape based on abdominal protrusion caused by changes in the physical characteristics of middle-aged women. This study analyzed 3D shape data of 401 females ranging in age from 40 to 59 years who participated in the 6th Size Korea project. Based on the Size Korea 3D measurement standard, 27 additional items such as height, protrusion, and angle were measured in the 3D scan data. Nine factors were extracted from the analysis of constituent factors of the torso: "vertical size of torso," "flatness and protrusion of abdomen," "torso front extrusion," "upper body height," "bust size and flatness," "size of belly and angle of lower abdomen," "hip length," "hip flatness," and "horizontal size of bust." As a result of the cluster analysis using these nine factors, the torsos of middle-aged women were classified into three types. Type 1 has upper abdominal deposition with a small and long upper body and an advanced abdomen; type 2 has lower abdominal deposition with a small and short torso and a small belly and hip flexion; and type 3 has central abdominal deposition with a big and long torso, large breasts, and protruding abdo¬men front. The middle-aged women were mostly distributed in Type 2. The above results will be useful as basic data for the development of clothing with improved fit to accommodate the changed physical characteristics of middle-aged women.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.282-297
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• 1996

The effective construction for ready-made clothes is one of the central concerns of both consumers and manufactuers in today's apparel industry. In order to reduce the burden of stocks and increase clothing fitness, systematic information on typical body sizes and somatotypes is essential. The purpose of this study i-: to provide basic data on young women's somatotypes for form designers and pattern makers. The subjects of the survey were 310 women of 18 to 26 years old. The study collected 84 anthropometric data for each Person. The data was analyzed by using of the multivariate method. The factor analysis was utilized in regard to the 65 items obtained from anthropometric measurement respectively. The principal component analysis was applied to the data with orthogonal rotation after extraction. The factor scores used in the factor analysis became the basis of determining the value of each variable of the cluster analysis. The cluster analysis was applied for identifying typical somatotypes. Ward's minimum variance method was applied for the purpose of extracting distance metrix by the standardized Euclidean distance. The element forming each cluster can be subdivided into several sets by crosstabulation which is obtained by the fastclus of the SAS. This research has demonstrated 3 distinctive types of silhouette contour of the trunk. Incidentally it also identified 4 of the lower body from the waistline to thigh contour respectively. The discriminant analysis showed that the most significant discriminant factor of the trunk classification were side neck point -1 scapular -1 waistiline length and waist girth. In Korea, the average somatotype of female college students tends to be tall, slim and straight. Reviewing the relationship between the classifications of three parts of body, they are related to each other to some extent but their distribution are not constant. Therefore, in view of clothing construction, a proper separation of the body surface is a necessity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.51 no.7
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• pp.147-165
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• 2001

The objective of this study was to develop the Jeogori Pattern for 9 to 10 year-old boys To determine the measurement items for the Jeogori Pattern making, applied factor analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis to the 37 measurement items of the 9 to 10 year-old boys classified as a standard somatotype. To understand the shape and variation of the body surface, analyzed the replica of the upper body surface that was obtained by the method of using surgical tape. Be based on the results of the above studies, designed the Jeogori Pattern. The designed pattern was evaluated by the sensory test. The drafting methods of Jeogori Pattern obtained are as follows. $\circled1$ The measurement items are Bust Girth, Center Back Waist Length, Neck Width, and Hwajang Length. $\circled2$ Jeogori Length Center Back Waist Length$\times$4/3 $\circled3$ Front Body Girth(1/2) : B/2 + 1.5cm Back Body Girth(1/2) : B/2 + 3.5cm $\circled4$ Jin-Dong : B/4 + 3cm $\circled5$ Back Godae Width(1/2) : Neck Width/2 + 1.7cm Front Godae Width(l/2) : Back Godae Width(1/2) - 2cm $\circled6$Back Godae Point is 1.5cm higher than shoulder line, and Front Godae Point is 1.5cm lower than shoulder line. $\circled7$ Back Godae Depth: 1.2cm + 1.5cm = 2.7cm The Jeogori Pattern designed by the above method Is as (fig. 8) The results of the sensory test of the new pattern are as fellows. Except for 2 items, every mark of 24 test items has over 5.0 point and a total average mark is 5.25 point. Witch is a good mark. Therefore the new pattern is valid. Especially, the parts of Git, sleeves and back face have a high mark, so the appearances of those parts are excellent.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.864-875
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• 2006

The characteristics of the demographics in Korea as it gets older are the increase of Elderly Women and continuous progress in urbanization. In this study, body shapes are classified as standard, obese, and tiny according to the previous studies based on the body shape characteristics and the body measurement of the Elderly Women. Based on the classification, we developed prototype of the panty for the Elderly Women to provide basic materials for the quality enhancement of the clothing of the increasing Elderly Women. The followings are the result of the study. 1. To categorize the body shapes of the Elderly Women focusing on the lower half, we grouped the target subjects using the nested approach by the average standard deviation and the factor analysis minimal diffusion method. Accordingly, type 1 and 2 had 36 members respectively and type 3 had 43 members. In this study, two Elderly Women subjects with standard body shape falling under the type 1 were selected as the subjects. 2. In the second trial evaluation for the prototype panty for the Elderly Women 32 items for appearance test and 3 items for functional test were evaluated. The scores in leg, sideline and hip were shown high and the balance between the parts was maintained very well. In the functional test, the panty used to be too tight for the leg curve but in the second trial it was improved, too. In each item, the second trial test showed better score than the first trial test. Conclusively, the most optimal panty prototype for the Elderly Women was proposed according to the trial test result.