• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.113-118
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• 2007

It is well recognized that the wicking of liquids in a textile fabric takes place mainly through a capillary system composed of the individual fibers. Considering typical dyeing stages, it is thought that a high dye uptake on the fabric probably depends on the wickability. Three kinds of barely water soluble ketones, acetophenone(A), 2-pentanone(2P) and 3-pentanone(3P) were separately dissolved in methanol(M) and then each was mixed with aqueous solution of C. I. Red Acid 114. Wicking heights of dyeing solutions were measured under such conditions that the effect of gravity was negligible. The result could be graphed as a series of straight lines having the form s = $kt^{1/2}$, where s was distance traveled by the solutions, t was time, and k was slope of the line. The surface tension(${\gamma}$) of the ketones had more signifcant effect on the wickability compared to the viscosity(${\eta}$) of them. The greater wickability resulted in the higher dye uptake on the fabric and the order of wickabilty was equal to that of the surface tension(${\gamma}$) and dye uptake on the fabric, A>3P>2P>M.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.55-62
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• 2003

Wool fabrics were dyed with the aqueous solution of C. I. Red Acid 114 mixed with methanol dissolving three kinds of barely water soluble ketones, acetophenone, 2-pentanone, and 3-pentanone. The steric hinderance and the orientation of the bigger hydrophobic part of the solvated dye molecules to the fiber slowed down the dying rate, however, loosening the wool molecule, say a little swelling, disaggeregating the dye molecules, and attaining the higher dye concentration on the fiber surface by the added solvents increased the amount of dye on the fabric. The higher concentration or/and the higher dyeing temperature helped loosen fiber molecules and made it easier for the solvated dye molecules to penetrate into the inside of the fiber. Acetophenone, the most influential solvent used, showed that the ability to loosen fiber molecules was the most important of all the three positive solvent actions mentioned above. The considered mechanism provided before reflected the fact that the dye uptake on the fabric dyed with the solvents included, except for 0.034M and 0.051M of acetophenone, was even lower than that without any solvents at $50^\circ{C}$, but all the solvents added to the dye bath increased the dye uptake on the fiber at $70^\circ{C}$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.653-662
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• 2012

This study measured the effect of general pre-treatment on PLA fabrics to confirm the benefits of enzymatic processing on PLA fabrics in the textile industry as well as evaluated the hydrolytic activities of three lipases. The effects of lipase hydrolysis were analyzed through moisture regain, dyeing ability, tensile strength, and surface morphology. As a result, PLA fibers were easily damaged by a low concentration of sodium hydroxide and a low treatment temperature. The optimal treatment conditions of Lipase from Candida cylindracea were pH 8.0, $40^{\circ}C$, and 1,000 U. The optimal treatment conditions for Lipase from Candida rugosa were pH 7.2, $37^{\circ}C$, and 1,000 U. The optimal treatment conditions for Lipase from Porcine pancreas were pH 8.0, $37^{\circ}C$, and 2,000 U. The moisture regain and dyeing ability of PLA fabrics increased and the tensile strength of PLA fabrics decreased. The results of surface morphology revealed that there were some cracks due to hydrolysis on the surface of the fiber.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.11-22
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• 2009

This study surveys the optimum processing conditions of ATY for PET braiding for automotive hoses. For this purpose, high tenacity and low shrinkable PET filaments with three types of deniers are prepared. Twenty seven ATY specimens are manufactured with variation of feed speed and overfeed on the air jet texturing machine. The physical properties of various yam according to the ATY processing conditions are measured and analysed for deciding the optimum ATY processing condition. Two kinds of ATY filaments made under the optimum air texturing conditions are processed with variation of tpm, heat setting temperature and heat setting time on the 2-for-l twister and setting chamber, respectively. The optimum twisting and heat setting conditions are decided through analysis of the yam physical properties. Finally, the braiding fabric specimens are manufactured using conventional filament and newly developed filament made under optimum twisting and heat setting conditions. The bursting strengths of these braiding specimens are compared and discussed between two types of specimens.

• Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.255-258
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• 2001

가발을 만드는데 사용되는 재료는 크게 인모와 합성섬유로 나눌 수 있다. 이중 합성섬유는 인모에 비해 가격이 저렴하고 관리가 쉬우며 동일한 제품을 대량 생산할 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 이러한 장점을 이용한 가발용 합성섬유로는 모다크릴, 나일론, 폴리에스테르 등이 있는데, 근래에는 이들보다 생산이 쉽고 단가가 낮은 PVC 필라멘트의 사용이 증가하는 추세이다. (중략)

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.11-14
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• 1995

Effect of low temperature oxygen plasma treatment on the weight loss of poly (ethylene terephthalate) fiber heat-treated at various temperatures was studied using two kinds of plasma apparatus. Investigation was done on the basis of the increased crystallinity up to about 160 $^{\circ}C$, above this temperature weight loss increased significantly with the increased crystallinity in spite of crystallinity increased according to the increased heat-set temperature. The weight loss showed a minimum at about 160 $^{\circ}C$ just like in dyeing of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fiber with disperse dye.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2006

The main colorant of Chelidonium majus extracts is a berberine which shows relatively good dyeability onto silk fabrics in the appropriate dyeing conditions without mordant, But cotton fabrics are difficult to dye with berberine because of the low substantivity the cationic to cellulosic fibers. we treated cotton fabrics using three types of polycarboxylic acid, DL-malic acid, citric acid, 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid(BTCA) to increase dyeability of Chelidonium majus extracts onto cotton fabrics. As a result the cotton fabrics treated with polycarboxylic acid could be dyed with Chelidonium majus extracts and also showed yellow vividly. The dye uptake were increased with increasing the number of carboxy groups. And so dye uptake resulted the largest in the BTCA solutions which have four carboxylic groups in the molecular unit. The optimal dyeing temperature a of Chelidonium majus extracts onto polycarboxylic acid treated cotton fabrics were $60^{\circ}C$. The dye equilibrium was reached 20 minutes after dyeing. Neutral pH of dye solutions showed in higher K/S value than acidic or alkaline conditions. But the colorfastness to washing and light according to polycarboxylic acid treat was not enhance.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.173-180
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• 2008

Cotton, wool, cotton/wool blended (80:20) and tencel fabrics were treated with low temperature oxygen plasma, enzymes (cellulase or protease), or oxygen plasma-enzyme and they were examined for dyeing and handling properties for environment friendly finishing. The appropriate conditions for cellulase treatment were enzyme concentration of 3g/l, pH of 5, and $60^{\circ}C$ for one hour, and for protease treatment were enzyme concentration of 4g/l, pH of 8, and $60^{\circ}C$ for one hour. The equilibrium uptake of a direct dye on cotton changed with plasma treatment and plasma-cellulase treatment, and the rate of dyeing slightly decreased. When wool was dyed with acid dye, the equilibrium dye uptake did not change with plasma, protease treatment nor plasma-protease treatment, however, the rate of dyeing had increased with plasma-protease treatment. From these results, it is assumed that plasma attacks the surface of the fiber, and enzyme mainly affects the inner part of the fiber. Plasma treatment did not affect mechanical properties related to the handling of fabrics. The handling test showed increased extension at maxmum load(EM), tensile energy(WT) with decreased tensile resilience (RT), and the fabrics became softer but resilience decreased slightly with enzyme treatment. The bending recidity(B), hysteresis of bending moment(2HB), and hysteresis of shear force at five degrees(2HG5) decreased, however, shear stiffness(G) increased. I knew the plasma pre-treatment made fabrics softer with lower koshi(stiffness). The handling of plasma pre-treated fabrics was better than that of enzyme-treated fabrics. When we pre-treated fabrics, the handling test showed decreased coefficient of friction(MIU), geometrical roughness(SMD), while the surface of fabrics became smoother and numeri increased. Even though compression resilience(RC) increased, fukurami(bulky property) and compressive elasticity, decreased due to the linearity of compression-thickness curve(LC) and compression energy(WC).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.2 s.150
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• pp.255-265
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine the dyeing properties of four kinds of composite yams that were twisted in different processes. The composite yarns consist of acetate and functional polyester in ratio of 70 : 30. The composite yams were dyed at 100$^{circ}C$ and 125$^{circ}C$ using three types of dyes, disperse dyes for acetate fiber, PET fiber and PET-acetate blended fiber, in the three primary colors. The exhaustion($\%$) and K/S value were observed for each case. Also the effects of four different twisting processes to dyeing properties and physical properties were examined. Regardless of twisting methods, the composite yarns that were dyed at 125$^{circ}C$ had higher exhaustion($\%$) than those were dyed at 100$^{circ}C$ with all three types of dyes; However, tendency of the K/S value after reduction cleaning process was measured at 100$^{circ}C$ and the value measured 125$^{circ}C$ had a great difference with disperse dyes for acetate and dyes for PET. The difference of the K/S values of composite yarns, when dyed at 100$^{circ}C$ and 125$^{circ}C$ with disperse dyes for PET-acetate blended fiber, was almost negligible. According to twisting methods K/S values were in the following order: AP1 > AP3 > AP4> AP2. This means that AP1, treated at 220$^{circ}C$, had the highest K/S value and K/S value becomes higher as the yam is higher twisted and becomes lower as lower twisted. On the other hand, the dry shrinkage and wet shrinkage showed low shrinkage rate when the twist was high and steam setting temperature was high.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.195-205
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• 2001

A great deal of energy is necessary with emission of lots of wastewater in dyeing and finishing process, but heat recovery from wastewater is not introduced since is technology is not developed yet. In order to obtain the method utilizing hot water produced by heat source, that is, dyeing wastewater it was investigated the characteristics of dyeing and finishing process and energy basic unit. Energy basic unit of polyester/cotton (T/C), polyester/rayon (T/R) and polyester dyeing process are higher than that of the other process. The average quantity of wastewater for each dyeing company is 20,470 ton/month, the average temperature of wastewater is about 41$^{\circ}C$. Because the SS solution of wastewater in polyester dyeing process is lower than that of the other process, the effect of corrosion in heat recovery system is low. Since the energy price for 1000 kcal produced by vapor compression heat pump is presumed to be 22.50 won, it is found to be very economic heat recovery system, and its payback is 2.09 years for the factory with LNG boiler.