• Proceeding of KASS Symposium
• /
• 2008.05a
• /
• pp.74-79
• /
• 2008

In this study, impact transient responses of (Graphite/Epoxy) laminated composite subjected to low-velocity impact are investigated using a finite element method. Dynamic von-Karman plate equations considering large deflection of plate are modified to include the effect of transverse shear deformations as in Mindlin plate theory and also the rotary inertia effect is considered. The convergence of transient responses is used contact law established through the statical indentation test. We investigate displacements, contact forces and strains by thickness variation of various laminated composite. We compare and analyze each results.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.140-147
• /
• 2008

An experiment setup was introduced to study dynamic behaviour of different types of check valves and the effects of air entrainment on the check valve performance under pressure transient condition. The experiment results show that the check valves with low inertia, assisted by springs or small traveling distance/angle gave better performance under pressure transient condition than check valves without these features. Air entrainment was found to affect both wave speed and reverse velocity. With the increase of the initial air void fraction in pipeline, the experiment results show that the wave speed was reduced, the reverse velocity was increased. The first peak pressure increased initially and then decreased with the increase of the initial air void fraction, the pressure surge periods were increased proportionally with air void fraction due to the greatly reduced wave speed. The study can be applied to help choosing suitable check valves for a particular pumping system.

• Advanced Composite Materials
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.121-134
• /
• 2009

The present study investigated, both experimentally and numerically, the improvement of low-velocity impact damage resistance of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) laminates due to through-the-thickness stitching. First, we conducted drop-weight impact tests for stitched and unstitched laminates. The results of damage inspection confirmed that stitching did improve the impact damage resistance, and revealed that the improvement effect became greater as the impact energy increased. Moreover, the stitching affected the through-the-thickness damage distribution. Next, we performed FEM analysis and calculated the energy release rate of the delamination crack using the virtual crack closure technique (VCCT). The numerical results revealed that the stitching affected the through-the-thickness damage distribution because the stitch threads had a marked effect on decreasing both the modes I and II energy release rate around the bottom of the laminate. Comparison of the results for models that contained delaminations of various sizes revealed that the energy release rate became lower as delamination size increased; therefore the stitching improved the impact resistance more effectively when the impact energy was higher.

• Advanced Composite Materials
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.45-61
• /
• 2007

This paper describes a damage accumulation mechanism in cross-ply CFRP laminates $[0_2/90_2]_{2S}$ subjected to out-of-plane loading. Drop-weight impact and static indentation tests were carried out, and induced damage was observed by ultrasonic C-scan and an optical microscope. Both tests gave essentially the same results for damage modes, sizes, and load-deformation history. First, a crack occurred in the bottom $0^{\circ}$ layer accompanying some delamination along the crack caused by bending stress. Then, transverse cracks occurred in the middle $90^{\circ}$ layer with decreasing contact force between the specimen and the indenter. Measured local strains near the impact point showed that the stress state changed from a bending dominant state to an in-plane tensile dominant state. A cohesive interface element was used to simulate the propagation of multiple delaminations and transverse cracks under static indentation. Two types of analytical models are considered, one with multiple delaminations and the other with both multiple delaminations and transverse cracks. The damage obtained for the model with only multiple delaminations was quite different from that obtained from the experiment. However, the results obtained from the model with both delaminations and transverse cracks well explain the characteristics of the damage obtained in the experiment. The existence of the transverse cracks is essential to form the characteristic impact damage.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• v.17 no.12
• /
• pp.2019-2026
• /
• 2003

Spray and combustion characteristics of a dump-type ram-combustor equipped with a V-gutter flame holder were experimentally investigated. Spray penetrations with a change in airstream velocity, air stream temperature, and dynamic pressure ratio were measured to clarify the spray characteristics of a liquid jet injected into the subsonic vitiated airstream, which maintains a highly uniform velocity and temperature. An empirical equation was modified from Inamura's equation to compensate for experimental conditions. In the case of insufficient penetration, the flame in the ram-combustor was unstable, and vice versus in the case of sufficient penetration. When the flame holder was not equipped, the temperature at the center of the ram-combustor had a tendency to decrease due to the low penetration and insufficient mixing. Therefore, the temperature distribution was slanted to the low wall of the ram-combustor. These trends gradually disappeared as the length of the combustor became longer and the flame holder was equipped. Combustion efficiency increased when the length of the combustor was long and the flame holder was equipped. Especially, the effect of the flame holder was more dominant than that of the combustor length in light of combustion efficiency.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.19 no.7
• /
• pp.154-162
• /
• 2002

The effect of nonlinear friction in the low velocity is dominant in precise controlled mechanisms and it is difficult to model. This paper is concerned with the compensation for friction using the variable structure system approach as nonmodel based method. The problem of chattering in the sliding mode controller is suppressed by the implementation of the boundary layer concept. And the estimation for friction using sliding mode observer makes the upper bound of matched uncertainty reduced. Accordingly, the effect of chattering can be more suppressed. And the sliding surface is constructed by adding an integral component to the switching function that is made by using error dynamics. This sliding surface guarantees the good tracking performance. Experimental results for a XY table system show that the proposed method has a good performance especially in the low velocity.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.255-263
• /
• 2018

A steel-concrete composite (SC) panel typically consists of two steel faceplates and a plain concrete core. This paper investigated the impact response of SC panels through drop hammer tests and numerical simulations. The influence of the drop height, faceplate thickness, and axial compressive preload was studied. Experimental results showed that the deformation of SC panels under impact consists of local indentation and overall bending. The resistance of the panel significantly decreased after the local failure occurred. A three-dimensional finite element model was established to simulate the response of SC panels under low-velocity impact, in which the axial preload could be considered reasonably. The predicted displacements and impact force were in good agreement with the experimental results. Based on the validated model, a parametric study was conducted to further discuss the effect of the axial compressive preload.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
• /
• 2003.04a
• /
• pp.129-134
• /
• 2003

The importance of understanding the response of structural composites to impact and CAI cannot be overstated to develop analytical models for impact damage and CAI strength predictions. This paper presents experimental findings observed from quasi-static lateral load tests, low velocity impact tests, CAI strength and open hole compressive strength tests using 3mm thick composite plates ($[45/-45/0/90]_{3s}$ - IM7/8552). The conclusion is drawn that damage areas for both quasi-static lateral load and impact tests are similar and the curves of several drop weight impacts with varying energy levels (between 5.4 J and 18.7 J) fallow the static curve well. In addition, at a given energy the peak force is in good agreement between the static and impact cases. From the CAI strength and open hole compressive strength tests, it is identified that the failure behaviour of the specimens was very similar to that observed in laminated plates with open holes under compression loading. The residual strengths are in good agreement with the measured open hole compressive strengths, considering the impact damage site as an equivalent hole. The experimental findings suggest that simple analytical models for the prediction of impact damage area and CAI strength can be developed on the basis of the failure mechanism observed from the experimental tests.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.40-47
• /
• 2000

To obtain the acoustic properties of dispersive polyurethane with high attenuation, through transmission method was applied by ultrasonic. In through transmission method, the sound velocity and attenuation coefficient of specimen were obtained by using Sachse's method which can be applied to small size specimen. But there is a problem when the reference signal is selected, so the result is not precise. The more precise acoustic properties of polyurethane was obtained when two specimens with different thickness were used. To predict the acoustic properties of low frequency range, the acoustic properties extended to the low frequency range were calculated by Kramers - Kronig relation. As a result, we studied on the relation between the sound velocity and the attenuation coefficient with frequency.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.39 no.10
• /
• pp.1017-1022
• /
• 2015

Specific hydrodynamic characteristic of pump-turbine during the start and load rejection process of generating mode causes anomalous increase of water pressure, along with large machine vibration, called "S" characteristic. The aim of this study is to understand and explain the hydrodynamic performance of pump-turbine at "S" characteristic region by using a model of pump-turbine system. The operation in the condition of runway and low discharge in a typical "S" characteristic curve may become unstable and complex flow appears at the passage of guide vane and impeller. Therefore, velocity and pressure distribution are investigated to give an all-sided explanation of the formation and phenomenon of this characteristic, with the assistance of velocity triangle analysis at the impeller inlet. From this study, the internal flow and pressure fluctuation at the normal, runway and low discharge points are explored, giving a deep description of hydrodynamic characteristic when the pump-turbine system operates with "S" characteristic.