• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.463-478
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• 2012

This study investigated the health and nutritional characteristics according to household income level and obesity in Koreans aged over 50 years based on the 2005 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Subjects were classified into 3 groups by average household income with reference to the minimum monthly living expenses (MLE): low (n = 319, < 100% MLE), middle (n = 222, < 200% MLE), high (n = 411, ${\geq}$ 200% MLE) and each group was compared by BMI index. With increasing income level, the prevalence of systolic hypertension and hyperlipidemia was increased. In the low income group, serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, and fasting glucose were higher in the obese compared with the normal. In the middle and high income groups, the prevalence of hyperlipidemia and diastolic hypertension were higher in the obese. Subjects had nutritional imbalance, such as inadequate intake of calcium and potassium. With increasing income level, the percentages of protein and fat to total calorie were increased in addition to the intakes and density of nutrients. The obese in the low income group had higher intakes of energy, protein, phosphorus and higher consumption frequency of cereals and potatoes compared with the normal. It was shown that the obese of the middle and high income groups tended to have lower consumption frequency of Korean cabbage and higher frequency of fruits. The obese of high income group also had binge drinking habit. Therefore, this study suggests that specific approaches based on economic status should be considered in developing nutrition education program for the elderly.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.247-251
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• 2013

Children from low income families are vulnerable to physical problems including obesity, asthma, hypertension and psychological problems including depression, anxiety. This study was done to identify trends in welfare policy for children from low-income families and future direction for solving health disparity problems. Dream Start is a government-sponsored project that offers services for vulnerable children, ages 0 (include pregnant woman) to 12 years and their families. The Korean Government has made an effort to alleviate health disparity through the 'Health Plan' by establishing health objectives. However, in spite of these efforts by the Korean government, health disparity has worsened in Korea. In order to strengthen family function as well as promote growth and development for vulnerable children, experts in child care need to be significantly involved in identifying neglected children in the community.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.37-49
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• 2011

This article addresses potential barriers to sustained employment for rural low-income mothers. Drawing from a two panel longitudinal sample of 240 families from the Rural Families Speak project, it examines the extent to which human capital and family factors were related to these mothers' ability to be employed. Comparisons are made between mothers, who over a three-year period, were continuously unemployed, intermittently employed, or stably employed. Many of these rural low-income mothers faced multiple individual and family barriers that impacted their labor force participation. Notably food insecurity, mental health, caring for a young child, housing, and a family history of welfare were associated with less stable employment. The implications for public policy and service delivery are discussed.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.157-172
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to develop a measurement model for evaluation of residential environment in low-income families. Residential environment means the housing unit itself and neighborhoods and community characteristics. Based on the previous research on housing environment, six factors (comfortable environment in indoor and outdoor, facilities environment in complex and community, sociopsychological environment, management and economic environment) were selected to evaluate residential environment and to provided a foundation for exploring the multidimensional factors of this research. As s confirmatory study, an Analysis of Linear Structural Relationships(LISREL) was utilized to develop the model. Despite of some measurement errors, the goodness of fit of an overall model was acceptable. Facilities environment in complex and sociopsychological environment were the most important factors in residential environmental evaluation of the low income families. the findings showed that housing policies and programs to improve the quality of homes in low-income families seemed to be beneficial to improve residential satisfaction of the residents.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.55-66
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of We Start home visiting intervention program on the positive changes of infants and their low-income families. The subjects were 171 18~36-month olds and their mothers living in We Start and non We Start areas. The instruments used were Developmental Profile, Cleminshaw-Guidubaldi Parent Satisfaction Scale(CGPSS) and Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment(HOME). The results were as follows: First, the result of Developmental Profile showed positive changes in all domains(physical development, self-help skills, social development, cognitive development, and communication ability). Second, the result of CGPSS showed positive effects on parent-child relationships. Third, the result of HOME showed positive effects on mothers' emotional and language responses. In conclusion, We Start home visiting program for infants from low-income families is an effective early intervention program to end intergenerational transition of poverty in Korea.

• 아동학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.87-104
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• 2002

This study investigated developmental levels and explored play behaviors in 194 4- and 5-year-old children from low-income families attending 18 daycare centers in Seoul. The Developmental Test for Korean Kindergartners(Korea Institute Curriculum & Evaluation, 1996) was used to assess developmental levels in seven areas. Play behaviors were observed during free-play in their classrooms. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and $x^2$. Results were that the children from low-income families showed highest scores in motor skill development and the lowest scores in mathematical and scientific development. The children engaged most frequently in group-functional play, followed by onlooker behaviors, group-dramatic, and group-constructive play. Onlooker behaviors were the most frequent activity of the 4-year-olds, and the block corner was the most frequently used area during free-play.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제41권7호
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• pp.169-184
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• 2003

This study examined a causal relation between employment and depression among low-income young mothers who participated in New Chance Demonstration Study(NC). Using baseline and first follow-up interview data from NC study, this study selected 756 young mothers who were at risk of depression and unemployed at baseline. About 18% of them were employed and 45% of them were no longer at risk of depression at the first follow-up interview. The young mothers grade level and their race/ethnicity were significantly related to the number of weeks employed between the two time points and employment at the 1st follow-up interview. It was also found that employment was negatively associated with depression at the 1st follow-up interview. These findings imply that employment can ameliorate depressive symptoms of low-income young mothers.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.365-371
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• 2018

This article addresses three key issues. First, the commonalities, differences, strengths, and limitations of existing occupational safety and health (OSH) legislation of low- and middle-income countries were determined. Second, required revisions were identified and discussed to strengthen the laws in accordance with the best international practice. Finally, proposals for additional OSH laws and interventions were suggested. A literature search of OSH laws of 10 selected low- and middle-income countries was carried out. The laws were subjected to uniform review criteria. Although the agricultural sector employs more than 70% of the population, most of the reviewed countries lack OSH legislation on the sector. Existing OSH laws are gender insensitive, fragmented among various government departments, insufficient, outdated, and nondeterrent to perpetrators and lack incentives for compliance. Conclusively, the legal frameworks require reformation and harmonization for the collective benefit to employees, employers, and regulatory authorities. New OSH legislation for the agricultural sector is required.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.211-231
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in the expenses of private education and the economic preparations for old age according to household income and consumption wants for education in mothers with school-aged children. The data used in this study were collected from 416 mothers with school-aged children aged 8 to 19 years old living in Daegu. The data analysis methods adopted for the study were two-way ANOVA and Scheff$\acute{e}$ test. The results of this study were as follows: First, there were differences in the private education expenditure according to the household income and the consumption wants for education in mothers with school-aged children. In the group of mothers of low household income, the mothers with high consumption wants for education spent more money on academic education and music, fine arts or physical education than the mother's with low consumption wants for education. On the other hand, in the group of mothers of high household income, the mothers with low consumption wants for education spent more money on academic education and spent less money on music, fine arts or physical education than the mothers with high consumption wants for education. There were no meaningful differences in the group of mothers of middle household income. Second, there were differences in the perceived burden of private education expenditure according to the household income and the consumption wants for education in mothers with school-aged children. In the group of mothers of middle household income, the mothers with low consumption wants for education perceived there was a higher burden for private education expenditure than the mothers with high consumption wants for education. Third, there were differences in the expenditure preparation for old age and the economic preparation behavior for old age according to the level of household income. The mothers with high household income spent more money on preparation for old age and did well in economic preparation behavior for old age than the mothers with middle and low household income.

• 문화경제연구
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.3-30
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• 2018

본 연구는 서울시민의 행복결정요인에 있어 문화예술 활동참여의 영향력을 파악하기 위해 "2014 서울서베이"의 원자료를 바탕으로 실증분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과 문화예술 활동에 대한 참여는 개인의 행복과 긍정적인 관계에 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 문화예술에 대한 향유 자체에서 즐거움이 발생하며 향유 과정에서 또한 타인과의 사회적 접촉이 유발되기 때문인 것으로 보인다. 이어 개인의 행복뿐만 아니라 문화예술수요에도 상당한 영향을 미치는 소득수준과 교육수준을 고 저 집단으로 나누어 분석한 결과에서도 전반적으로 유사한 결과를 보였다. 특이한 점은 저소득 저학력 집단은 고소득 고학력 집단에 비해 문화예술소비량이 적은 것으로 나타났으나 문화예술 활동에 대한 참여를 통해 얻는 효용의 크기는 더 큰 것으로 나타났는데, 이는 금전 및 시간적 제약에서 비롯하는 기회비용이 고소득 고학력 집단에 비해 저소득 저학력 집단에서 더 크게 작용한 것으로 사료된다. 또한 저소득 집단의 경우, 문화예술 활동에 대한 지출금액이 일정수준을 초과하면 한계효용이 감소하는 추세를 보이는데 이는 문화예술 활동참여에 있어 저소득 집단에서 금전적 제약이 존재함을 의미한다.