• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.93-98
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• 2000

We performed this study to determine the radioprotective effects of Shi-Quan-Dai-Bu-Tang, as a prescription of traditional Oriental medicine, and its major ingredients. The jejunal crypt survival, endogenous spleen colony formation, and apoptosis in jejunal crypt cells were investigated in mice irradiated with high and low dose of ${\gamma}$-rays. The administration of danggui, baishaoyao, rensan, gancao or baifuling before irradiation protected the jejunal crypts (p<0.005). Shoudehuang, danggui, baishaoyao, rensan and huangqui increased the formation of endogenous spleen colony (p<0.05). Chuanxiong, baishaoyao, rensan and baifuling reduced the frequency of radiation-induced apotosis (p<0.05). The results indicated that the extracts of danggui, baishaoyao, rensan and baifuling may have radoprotective effects in mice irradiated with high and low dose of ${\gamma}$-rays. The radioprotective effect of the prescription, Shi-Qaun-Da-Bu-Tang, was not significant.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.93-98
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• 2005

Effects of heat and gamma irradiation on chemical, microbiological, and immunological changes of raw milk were compared. Free fatty acid content of milk showed increasing tendency according to the increase of heating temperature and irradiation dose, and showed similarity in UHT (ultra high temperature) and 5 kGy irradiation. Total bacterial counts and coliforms were not detected after treatment of LTLT (low temperature long time), HTST (high temperature short time), UHT, and irradiation from 1 to 10 kGy in the milk with initial microbial load at $10^3$ CFU/mL initially, but after 7 day storage, were not detected in UHT milk and that irradiated at 3 kGy or above. Heat treatment decreased (p<0.05) arginine, asparate, iso-leucine, lysine, and methionine content compared to raw milk while irradiation decreased (p<0.05) asparate, histidine, iso-luecine, leucine, and lysine content, which means irradiation could change primary structure of milk proteins. It was concluded that f kGy gamma irradiation treatment of raw milk could give a similar effect to UHT treatment in chemical and microbiological viewpoint, and may reduce allergenicity of raw milk.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 2007

Radiation at very low doses frequently has a stimulating or hermetic effect on growth of organism. Effects of growth and survival rate on various dose of gamma irradiation in the farm culture of juvenile abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) were determined in Hallim (Jeju) from February 2004 to January 2005. The initial shell length of abalone juveniles in this study was average $3.45{\pm}0.4cm$. A change of growth after irradiation $(0{\sim}20Gy)$ was observed for 48 weeks. The highest growth rate was observed in 4 Gy-irradiated group and the lowest growth rate was observed in 20 Gy-irradiated group. The additional research about biochemical changes on juvenile abalone after irradiation should be accomplished. Continuous study for gamma radiation-induced hormesis on growth and metabolism of juvenile abalone will further induce the creation of value in ocean industry.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.483-490
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• 2013

Gamma-irradiation (0-7 kGy) of ginseng is permitted in Korea for the purpose of microbial decontamination; with strict labeling, traceability and monitoring requirements. An identification study was conducted to determine the photostimulated-luminescence (PSL) and thermoluminescence (TL) properties of gamma-irradiated fresh and white ginsengs cultivated in different areas. Dose- dependent PSL-based screening was possible for white ginseng samples; however, inappropriate results from non-irradiated fresh ginseng samples were obtained, showing intermediate (700 to 5,000) or positive ($T_2$ >5,000, irradiated) PSL counts due to the abundance of minerals on the surfaces of the samples. TL analysis of separated minerals from all non-irradiated samples gave TL glow curves of low intensity with a maximum peak after $300^{\circ}C$. However, well-defined irradiation-specific (high intensity with a maximum peak at about $200^{\circ}C$) glow curves were observed for all the irradiated samples, regardless of their type and origins. TL ratios (first glow curve /second glow curve) were also determined to confirm the irradiated (>0.1) and non-irradiated (<0.1) results. SEM-EDX (scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray) and XRD (X-ray diffraction) spectroscopic analyses showed that feldspar and quartz minerals were the main source for the typical radiation-specific luminescence properties.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2005

Photostimulated luminescence (PSL), thermoluminescence (TL), electron spin resonance (ESR), and direct epiflourescent filter technique/aerobic plate count (DEFT/APC) were applied to detect dried green, black, and oolong teas irradiated between 0-10 kGy. Teas irradiated at 2.5 kGy and higher showed over 5000 photon counts/60 sec, while non-irradiated teas yielded 650-1000 photon counts/60 sec. TL glow curves for minerals separated from teas were detected at about $300^{\circ}C$ with low intensity in non-irradiated samples, whereas around $150^{\circ}C$ with high intensity in all irradiated samples. Ratio of $TL_1/TL_2$ based on re-irradiation step, showing lower than 0.1 and higher than 1.44 for non-irradiated and irradiated samples, respectively, enhanced reliability of TL results. ESR measurements for irradiated teas showed signals specific to irradiation. Log DEFT/APC ratio increased with irradiation dose; this result could be applied to identify irradiated tea samples.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.838-842
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• 1999

In order to reclaim the effluent discharged from sewage treatment facilities application of an irradiation technique was investigated in this study for industrial water reuse. Samples were filtered using a sand filter to remove particles. Co-60 was used as an irradiation source and the irradiation dose was varied from 0.1 kGy to 15 kGy. The major source of colour in secondary treatment effluent was humic substances, which could be easily removed by irradiation with a dose 5 kGy. Bacteria could be also disinfected even at low doses. It was possible to get high quality water for industrial water reuse. But the effluent still contained a small amount of organic compounds. Further treatment, of residual organic compounds will be necessry if the higher quality water is required.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2002

The frequencies of gamma-ray-induced micronuclei (MN) in cytokinesis-blocked (CB) lymphocytes at several doses were measured in three donors of three species (human, rabbit, dog). Measurements performed after irradiation showed a dose-related increases in MN frequency in each of the donors studied. When analysed by linear-quadratic model the line of best fit was : human : $y=0.1184D+0.01867D^2+0.01$, rabbit : $y=0.0387D+0.00528D^2+0.01$ (y = number of MN/CB cells and D = irradiation dose in Gy). The relative sensitivity of rabbit lymphocytes compared with human lymphocytes was estimated by best fitting linear-quadratic model based on the radiation-induced MN data over the range from 0 Gy to 4 Gy. In the case of MN frequency with 0.2, the relative sensitivities of rabbit lymphocytes was 0.39. These data indicate that the induction of MN in rabbit CB cells following irradiation was much less sensitive to the MN induction effects of gamma-irradiation than those from human. The MN assay with dog lymphocytes was very difficult and time-consumed because the dog PHA-stimulated lymphocytes yielded cultures with very low level of CB cells formation in the condition of this experiment. Our in vitro radiobiological study confirmed that the cytogenetic response obtained in blood from rabbit can be utilized for application in environmental studies.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2006

Purpose : To investigate clusterin expression in the acini and ductal cells of rat submandibular glands after Co-60 gamma irradiation. Materials and Methods : The male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing approximately 250 gm were divided into control and experimental groups. The experimental group was irradiated with a single absorbed dose of 2, 5, 10, and 15 Gy on the head and neck region. All the rats were sacrificed at 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after irradiation. The specimens including the submandibular gland were sectioned and observed using a immunohistochemical method. Results : In the 2 Gy group, clusterin expression was similar to that of the control group at 1 day after irradiation and it was observed in the striated ductal cells at 3 days after irradiation. In the 5 Gy group, clusterin expression was observed in the striated ductal cells at 1 day after irradiation and gradually increased in the 10 and 15 Gy groups. In the 15 Gy group, clusterin expression was prominent in the striated ductal cells at 1 day after irradiation, but it gradually decreased with the experimental period. The destruction of the striated ductal cells was observed in the 2 Gy group at 21 days after irradiation and in the 5, 10, and 15 Gy groups at 7 days after irradiation. The destruction of the acinar cells was observed in the 2 Gy group at 28 days after irradiation and in the 5, 10, and 15 Gy groups at 14 days after irradiation. Conclusion : Clusterin expression was induced by low doses of irradiation and it appeared to be involved in the regulation of cellular response to irradiation.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 2009

The objective of this study was investigated to apply the fucoidan and laminarin extract from low-grade Undaria pinnatifida to real food product, a pork patty. Pork patties added with fucoidan and laminarin showed lower lipid oxidation and the inhibition against lipid oxidation was shown to be dependent on the irradiation doses. The Hunter color values of pork patty added with fucoidan increased significantly with an increase of irradiation dose. The hardness profiles of the patties with fucoidan and laminarin was decreased, but the amount of water in the patties was increased. Also, the combination of gamma irradiation and addition of fucoidan and laminarin was shown to be effective for the microbiological control. These results suggested that gamma irradiation and fucoidan and laminarin treatment showed the positive effect on microbial stability and quality of the pork patty.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.9
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• pp.1307-1313
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• 2011

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of irradiation temperature on the physicochemical and sensory properties of Tarakjuk, milk porridge. Tarakjuk was gamma-irradiated at different temperatures of $25^{\circ}C$ (in room), $4^{\circ}C$ (in ice), and $-20^{\circ}C$ (in dry ice) at a dose of 10 kGy, and then autoclaved at $120^{\circ}C$ for 15 min for comparison. pH and Hunter's color value of Tarakjuk were not changed by irradiation regardless of the temperature. However, the TBA (2-thiobarbituric acid) value decreased as irradiation temperature was decreased. The viscosity of Tarakjuk irradiated in dry ice was significantly higher than that irradiated at room temperature and in ice (p<0.05). For the sensory evaluation, there were no significant differences in overall acceptability between non-treated Tarakjuk and that irradiated in dry ice. Flavor pattern analysis using an electronic nose with a SAW (surface acoustic wave) sensor determined that the main peaks at retention times 3.88 and 7.34 sec were related with off-flavor induced by irradiation and unique flavor of Tarakjuk, respectively. These results indicated that irradiation at freezing temperature improved quality deterioration of Tarakjuk by gamma irradiation. However, sensory quality of Tarakjuk irradiated at freezing temperature was still lower than that of non-irradiated Tarakjuk. Therefore, further research is needed to improve the quality of Tarakjuk using combined treatment such as addition of antioxidants and vacuum packaging method.