• Toxicological Research
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2018

Pretreatment of low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces a hyporesponsive state to subsequent secondary challenge with high-dose LPS in innate immune cells, whereas super-low-dose LPS results in augmented expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, little is known about the difference between super-low-dose and low-dose LPS pretreatments on immune cell-mediated inflammatory and hepatic acute-phase responses to secondary LPS. In the present study, RAW 264.7 cells, EL4 cells, and Hepa-1c1c7 cells were pretreated with super-low-dose LPS (SL-LPS: 50 pg/mL) or low-dose LPS (L-LPS: 50 ng/mL) in fresh complete medium once a day for 2~3 days and then cultured in fresh complete medium for 24 hr or 48 hr in the presence or absence of LPS ($1{\sim}10{\mu}g/mL$) or concanavalin A (Con A). SL-LPS pretreatment strongly enhanced the LPS-induced production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-6, TNF-${\alpha}$/IL-10, prostaglandin E2 ($PGE_2$), and nitric oxide (NO) by RAW 264.7 cells compared to the control, whereas L-LPS increased IL-6 and NO production only. SL-LPS strongly augmented the Con A-induced ratios of interferon (IFN)-${\gamma}$/IL-10 in EL4 cells but decreased the LPS-induced ratios of IFN-${\gamma}$/IL-10 compared to the control, while L-LPS decreased the Con A- and LPS-induced ratios of IFN-${\gamma}$/IL-10. SL-LPS enhanced the LPS-induced production of IL-6 by Hepa1c1c-7 cells compared to the control, while L-LPS increased IL-6 but decreased IL-$1{\beta}$ and C reactive protein (CRP) levels. SL-LPS pretreatment strongly enhanced the LPS-induced production of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, IL-10, $PGE_2$, and NO in RAW 264.7 cells, and the IL-6, IL-$1{\beta}$, and CRP levels in Hepa1c1c-7 cells, as well as the ratios of IFN-${\gamma}$/IL-10 in LPS- and Con A-stimulated EL4 cells compared to L-LPS. These findings suggest that pre-conditioning of SL-LPS may contribute to the mortality to secondary infection in sepsis rather than pre-conditioning of L-LPS.

• 한국동물학회:뉴스레터
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.107.2-107
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• 1995

No Abstract, See Full Text

• 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물학회 1995년도 한국생물과학협회 학술발표대회
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• pp.243.2-243
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• 1995

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.1340-1347
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• 2010

To study the effects of ${\alpha}$-galactosidase (${\alpha}$-Gal) supplementation on performance and energy metabolism, 216 Arbor Acres male broilers were placed in 36 cages of 6 birds each and allotted to 4 diets for 42 d, with 0-21 d as starter period and 22-42 d as grower period. The 4 diets were based on corn non-dehulled soybean meal in a $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement, with 2 levels of ${\alpha}$-Gal (0 vs. 60 U/kg feed) and 2 levels of ME (normal metabolizable energy (NME) and low metabolizable energy (LME)). Bird performance was obtained at 21 and 42 d of age with samples of feces collected for nutrient digestibility from 19-21 d and 40-42 d. At 21 and 42 d, 1 bird from 6 cages of each treatment was killed to determine liver weight, intestinal pH and chyme viscosity. With the addition of ${\alpha}$-Gal the 42 d body weight (BW) and 0-42 d average daily gain (ADG) were significantly improved (p<0.05). Average daily feed intake (ADFI) of birds fed the LME diet was significantly increased compared to those fed the NME diet during starter (p<0.01) and grower (p<0.05) periods and overall (p<0.01). There was an interaction of ${\alpha}-Gal{\times}ME$ on 0-21 d ADFI (p<0.01). Supplementation of ${\alpha}$-Gal significantly improved (p<0.01) feed efficiency during the grower period and overall. Feed efficiency of birds fed the LME diet was significantly decreased (p<0.05) compared to those fed the NME diet during the starter period and overall. With the addition of ${\alpha}$-Gal apparent metabolizable energy (AME) was improved (p<0.01) by 2.1% and 1.8% during starter and grower periods, respectively. There was a main effect (p<0.05) of ${\alpha}$-Gal on the digestion of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) during the starter period and crude protein (CP), NDF and acid detergent fiber (ADF) during the grower period. With the addition of ${\alpha}$-Gal, the relative weight of liver was reduced (p<0.01) during the two phases. The duodenal and jejunal pH were significantly decreased (p<0.01) with the supplementation of ${\alpha}$at the two phases. ${\alpha}$-Gal addition reduced (p<0.01) chyme viscosity of the ileum during the starter and grower periods. Overall, ${\alpha}$-Gal showed a major effect on nutrient efficiency, improved ADG and feed efficiency, whereas LME decreased feed efficiency. The incorporation of ${\alpha}$-Gal into a LME diet could at least partially offset ME deficiency of non-dehulled soybean meal.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.389-397
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• 2018

별불가사리(Asterina pectinifera Muller and Troschel)는 우리나라 전국 연안에서 흔히 볼 수 있는 토속종으로, 패류 양식장에 피해를 주는 불가사리류 중의 하나이다. 별불가사리 퇴치를 위해 대부분 건조하여 비료로 활용하고 있으며, 고부가가치 창출을 위한 다양한 연구가 진행되었으나 실제 활용은 미미한 실정이다. 따라서, 별불가사리로부터 피부 유용성분을 밝혀 새로운 활용 방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 성분연구를 통해 별불가사리로 부터 2종의 polyhydroxysteroid와 1종의 saponin을 분리하였으며, 이의 구조를 각각 $5{\alpha}$-cholestane-$3{\beta},6{\alpha},7{\alpha},8,15{\alpha},16{\beta},26$-heptol, $5{\alpha}$-cholestane-$3{\beta},4{\beta},6{\alpha},7{\alpha},8,15{\beta},16{\beta},2$6-octol 및 asterosaponin $P_1$으로 동정하였다. 이 물질들의 피부 효능을 확인한 결과 asterosaponin $P_1$이 표피 줄기세포의 증식을 촉진시키고, 각질형성세포에서 히알루론산을 합성하는 효소인 hyaluronan synthase-2와 hyaluronan synthase-3 유전자의 발현을 증가시킴을 확인하였다. 또한, asterosaponin $P_1$은 섬유아세포에서 진피의 주요 콜라겐인 type 1 콜라겐의 생합성을 촉진하는 효능을 보였다. 이상의 결과들로부터, 별불가사리로부터 분리한 asterosaponin $P_1$은 노화에 동반되는 피부 증상을 개선하는 항노화 화장품 소재로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.715-724
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• 2003

Distributional patterns of microalgae were studied in the tidal flats of Gamami Beach(Young-Gwang, Korea) from November 1999 to 2000 July. The tidal flats of Gamami Beach was composed mainly of sandy sediment. The concentrations of nutrients were low compared with other tidal flats. In the present study, 68 species of microalgal flora were identified. These were comprised of 25 species of benthic microalgae and 59 species of planktonic microalgae. Diatoms predominated the benthic microalgae with 96.0% of total species occurred. Dominant species were Amphora sp., Cocconeis sp., Coscinodiscus asteromphalus, Coscinodiscus sp., Nitzschia sigma var. intermedia, Nitzschia distans, Navicula spp., Paralia sulcata, Pleurosigma sp. Skeletonema coastatum, and Surirella sp. Among them, Amphora sp., Paralia sulcata, and species of Pleurosigma and Nitzschia were observed throughout the studied period. Planktonic microalgae of Gamami Beach was also predominated by diatoms. They occupied 88.1% of total planktonic microalgae. The density of microalgal population was higher in silty sediment than in sandy sediment. The population density of microalgae was higher in high tide zone than that in low tide zone. The density of the benthic microalgae in the surface layer of tidal flats showed increasing tendency for 2 hours after the beginning of ebb tide. On the contrary, benthic microalgal density of subsurface layer was decreased during the period. Concentrations of chlorophyll ${\alpha}$ from sediment and water were not synchronized during the study period. Therefore, the distributional patterns of the benthic microalgae and planktonic algae seemed not to be related. Chlorophyll ${\alpha}$ of water was highly related with the concentration of NH$_4$-N, whereas, chlorophyll ${\alpha}$ of sediment uas related with NO$_3$-N concentration.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.3011-3016
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• 2015

단백질의 삼차원 구조를 단백질의 국부적 구조인 단백질 조각의 일차원적 나열로 표현하면, 단백질 구조의 분석, 모델링, 탐색, 예측 등에 효과적으로 응용될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 자연 상태의 단백질 구조를 정확하게 나타낼 수 있는 단백질 조각 라이브러리를 구성하기 위하여, 대규모 단백질 구조 자료를 이용 할 수 있는 거리 척도들의 효과적인 조합을 조사하였다. 단백질 조각 라이브러리를 구성하기 위해 군집화를 사용하였다. 초기 군집화 단계에서는 가장 계산량이 작은 내부 알파탄소간 거리를 사용하였고, 군집의 확장단계에서는 내부 알파탄소간 거리, 비네-코시거리와 평균 제곱근 오차를 조합하여 사용하였다. 제안한 거리 척도의 조합으로 대규모 자료를 이용하여 단백질 조각 라이브러리를 구성하였다. 구성된 라이브러리를 사용하여 단백질 구조를 나타내는 실험에서 작은 평균 제곱근 오차가 발생함을 확인하였다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.29-41
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• 2007

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the validity and reliability on Psychometric Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale-Short Form (AIMS-SF) in patients with knee osteoarthritis(OA). Methods: The sample consisted of 62 patients who had received physical therapy at the physical therapy units of the Andong Medical Center, Sungso Hospital, Ahn Orthopedic Surgery Clinic, and St. Luke Clinic in Andong city in June 2006. Questionnaire on the AIMS-SF was recruited by 5 physical therapists. The internal structure and reliability of the scales were evaluated by means of item-internal consistency(Cronbach's alpha coefficient: ${\alpha}$), item-discriminant validity, Pearson's relation coefficient. To explore construct validity we conducted a principal component factor analysis with varimax rotation analysis. The criterion for factor extraction was an eigenvalue >1.0. Results: 62 OA patients's an average $age{\pm}standard$ deviation was $53.8{\pm}14.4$ years (range: $40{\sim}81$ yr). The internal consistency reliability of 11 items, as estimated by Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient, was high ranging $0.60{\sim}0.78$ (except for 0.40 for mobility level and -0.48 for mood). The internal consistency reliability of item-each scale was also high $0.82{\sim}0.93$ (except for 0.48 for mood). Of 11 items, the item-discriminant validity on 6 items was high (${\alpha}$ coefficient range: $0.11{\sim}0.25$), however, others (0.57 for tension level, 0.48 for arthritis pain, 0.41 for walking and bending, and 0.40 for work) were a little low. The construct validity by factor analysis was a little low. Conclusion: In conclusion, the results reported here confirm the validity and reliability of the AIMS-SF in patients with OA of the knee. The Collection of information on health status using this instrument was acceptable to patients. A further prospective multi-center study will be necessary to prove the construct validity.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.475-479
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• 1997

최소 배지에 여러 아미노산과 대사 산물을 첨가하여 혐기성 조건하에서 배양시킨 Serratia marcescens ATCC 25419 세포 추출무에서 prodigiosin의 생합성을 조사한 결과 아미노산과 대사 산물들은 prodigiosin 생합성을 대조군보다 50-80% 정도 감소시켰다. 글리옥실산은 1-3mM에서 prodigiosin의 생합성을 대조군보다 20-40% 정도 증가시켰고, 특히 5mM의 농도에서는 최대 122% 증가시켰으나, 20-30mM에서 prodigiosin의 생합성을 50-90% 정도 감소시켰다. 한편, 혐기성과 호기성 조건의 피루브산과 $\alpha$-케토부티르산은 호기성 조건의 글리옥실산과 함께 조사한 모든 농도(0.5-30mM)에서 prodigiosin이 생성되지 않았으며 또한, 혐기성 조건하에서 높은 농도(20mM 이상)의 글리옥실산은 S. marcescens의 성장을 현저하게 억제시켰다. 이러한 결과들로부터 글리옥실산은 피루브산과 $\alpha$-케토부티르산과는 다르게 낮은 농도(1-5mM)에서는 S. marcescens의 1, 2차 대사물질로 작용하여 prodigiosin 생합성을 증가시키지만, 높은 온도(20mM 이상)에서는 S. marcescens의 성장을 억제시켜 2차 대사물질인 prodigiosin의 생합성도 억제된다고 사료된다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.242-247
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• 1999

소양호에서 fluorescent in situ hybridization 방법을 이용하여 세균군집의 계절과 수심에 따른 변화를 조사하였다. 이 방법에 사용된 oligonucleotide probe는 EUB338, ALF1b, BET42a, GAM42a 와 CF probe 였다. 조사기간중 Proteobacteria $\alpha$-group 은 0.7~32.9% 이었으며 $\beta$-group은 1.0~25.8%, $\gamma$-group은 2.4~37.1%, Cytophaga-Flavobacterium group은 4.7~23.6%의 분포를 나타내었다. 계절별로 살펴보면 규조류가 우점하는 봄펄에는 $\gamma$-group 이, 유기물의 농도가 낮고 수온이 높은 여름철에는 $\alpha$-group 이 우점하였으며, 남조류가 우점하는 가을철에 총세균수에 대한 Eubacterial group 의 비율이 크게 감소하여 특정 group의 우점현상은 나타나지 않았다. 이처럼 소양호는 계절과 수심에 따라 군집구조가 변화하였으며, 특히 세균의 군집구조는 식물플랑크톤의 천이와 밀접한 관계를 보이는 것으로 나타났다.