• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.357-362
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• 2015

Objective : To investigate risk factors for S1 screw loosening after lumbosacral fusion, including spinopelvic parameters and paraspinal muscles. Methods : We studied with 156 patients with degenerative lumbar disease who underwent lumbosacral interbody fusion and pedicle screw fixation including the level of L5-S1 between 2005 and 2012. The patients were divided into loosening and non-loosening groups. Screw loosening was defined as a halo sign larger than 1 mm around a screw. We checked cross sectional area of paraspinal muscles, mean signal intensity of the muscles on T2 weight MRI as a degree of fatty degeneration, spinopelvic parameters, bone mineral density, number of fusion level, and the characteristic of S1 screw. Results : Twenty seven patients showed S1 screw loosening, which is 24.4% of total. The mean duration for S1 screw loosening was $7.3{\pm}4.1$ months after surgery. Statistically significant risk factors were increased age, poor BMD, 3 or more fusion levels (p<0.05). Among spinopelvic parameters, a high pelvic incidence (p<0.01), a greater difference between pelvic incidence and lumbar lordotic angle preoperatively (p<0.01) and postoperatively (p<0.05). Smaller cross-sectional area and high T2 signal intensity in both multifidus and erector spinae muscles were also significant muscular risk factors (p<0.05). Small converging angle (p<0.001) and short intraosseous length (p<0.05) of S1 screw were significant screw related risk factors (p<0.05). Conclusion : In addition to well known risk factors, spinopelvic parameters and the degeneration of paraspinal muscles also showed significant effects on the S1 screw loosening.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.643-662
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• 2016

The monitoring of structural integrity of pipeline tapered thread connections is of great significance in terms of safe operation in the industry. In order to detect effectively the loosening degree of tapered thread connection, an active sensing method using piezoceramic transducers was developed based on time reversal technique in this paper. As the piezoeramic transducers can be either as actuators or sensors to generate or detect stress waves, the energy transmission for tapered thread connection was analyzed. Subsequently, the detection principle for tapered thread connection based on time reversal was introduced. Finally, the inherent relationship between the contact area and tightness degree of tapered thread connection for the pipe structural model was investigated. Seven different contact area scenarios were tested. Each scenario was created by loosening connectors ranging from 3 turns to 4.5 turns in the right tapered threads when the contact area in the left tapered threads were 4.5 turns. The experiments were separately conducted with a highly noisy environment and various excitation signal amplitudes. The results show the focused peaks based on time reversal have the monotonously rising trend with the increase of the contact areas of tapered threads within an acceptable monitoring resolution for metal pipes. Compared with the energy method, the proposed time reversal based method to monitor tapered threads loosening demonstrates to be more robust in rejecting noise in Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) applications.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.227-237
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 수평 불연속면 하부에 굴착한 얄은 섬도의 2-Arch 터널의 거동을 실험적으로 규명하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 토피고와 불연속면의 위치를 변화시켜가며 모형실험을 수행하였다. 모형실험은 실제 2-Arch 터널의 Pilot 터널굴착에서 본선터널불착에 이르는 시공단계가 반영된 실험순서에 따라 진행되었다. 연구결과로 부터 토피고에 따른 2-Arch 터널 주변지반의 하중전이 메커니즘의 변화와 불연속면 위치에 따른 이완영역의 분포 및 범위의 변화를 확인하였다. 또한 시공단계에 따른 중앙필러의 역학적 거동을 규명하였으며 불연속면 위치가 터널에 근접할수록 중앙필러 작용하중이 증가하는 것을 확인하였다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.174-184
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• 2006

Purpose: Current trend in implant dentistry is changing from external connection to internal connection. To evaluate the splinting of external and internal connection implant on screw loosening, 2-units prosthesis was fabricated with BioPlant $System^(R)$ of external connection type and Lifecore STAGE-1 Single Stage Implant $System^(R)$ of internal connection type. Material and Method: Experimental group is classified into three groups. 1) $G_1-EE$: 2-units prosthesis was fabricated with two Bioplant $System^(R)$ of external connection type. 2) $G_1-EI$: 2-units prosthesis was fabricated with one BioPlant $System^(R)$ of external connection type and one Lifecore STAGE-1 Single Stage Implant $System^(R)$ of internal connection type. 3) $G_1-II$: 2-units prosthesis was fabricated with two Lifecore STAGE-1 Single Stage Implant $System^(R)$ of internal connection type. In fabricating 2-units prosthesis, two hexed abutments are recommended when two implants are installed parallel, otherwise one hexed abutment is used on major occlusal force area and one nonhexed abutment is used on the other area. Since it is rare to find two implants being parallel, it is hard to fabricate prosthesis with passive adaptation using two hexed abutments. It is much more difficult to acquire passive adaptation when using hex abutment compared to nonhex abutment. To evaluate the influence of hexed and nonhexed abutment on screw loosening, 2-units prosthesis was fabricated with hexed and nonhexed abutment. Experimental group is classified into three groups. 1) $G_2-HH$: 2-units prosthesis was fabricated with two hexed abutments. 2) $G_2-HN$: 2-units prosthesis was fabricated with one hexed abutment and one nonhexed abutment. 3) $G_2-NN$: 2-units prosthesis was fabricated with two nonhexed abutments. Result: The results of comparing the detorque value after loading on a each prosthesis periodically are as follows. 1. In splinting group of external and internal connection implant, $G_1-II$ group demonstrated the biggest detorque value, followed by $G_1-EI$ group and $G_1-EE$ group. 2. There is no notable significance between external connection implant of $G_1-EI$ group and $G_1-EE$ group and also no significance between internal connection implant of $G_1-EI$ group and $G_1-II$ group. 3. $G_2-HH$ group showed higher detorque value than $G_2-HN\;and\;G_2-NN$ group. From the results, we can concluded that using both external connection and internal connection implant together is clinically acceptable and in order to acquire a good passive adaptation in fabricating 2-units implant prosthesis we can use two nonhexed abutments.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.299-306
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 층 다짐으로 조성된 지반을 모사한 모형실험에서 지반 공동 발생 시 지반의 이완영역 범위를 추정하기 위해 제작된 이완영역탐지기를 통해 이완영역을 측정하고자 하였다. 세립분과 조립질 토사를 조성한 층상구조로 구성된 지반에 대해 콘 직경의 크기에 따라 영향을 받는 것을 확인하였으며, 이에 따른 적절한 콘을 선정하기 위해 크기효과 실험을 수행한 결과 적절한 초소형콘을 설정할 수 있었다. 또한, 본 연구에서 적용된 LAD를 이용하는 경우 실내모형실험 지반의 다짐정도에 따른 경계면 및 상대밀도 차에 의한 관입저항치의 급격한 변화에 따라 지반의 이완상태를 파악할 수 있었다. 지반내 관입저항특성을 통해 공동주변부에서 발생하는 이완영역의 범위를 추정하였으며, 이완영역에서 관입저항력의 감소율을 통해 파괴 발생 영역을 확인하였다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.12-17
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• 2004

By using an experimental approach recently developed to determine the torque-tension relationship for bearing frictional characteristics of several typical bolted joints were studied. The experimental approach allows the direct determination of the bearing friction between the nut and its bearing surface. Detailed friction studies were made on the influences of the size and shape of the hole, the use of a slot in a bolted joint, contact area and position, and other factors such as turning speed, coating, and the use of wax on the bearing surface. The contact area and position of the washer have a marginal effect on the bearing friction. The organic coating on the nuts reduces the bearing friction significantly. Nuts with organic coating over a washer with zinc finish provide the smallest and the most consistent bearing friction. The results from the experimental investigation will be helpful for the better design of bolted joints bearing friction. The results from the experimental investigation Will be helpful for the better design of bolted joints.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.387-392
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• 2016

목적: 본 연구의 목적은 grooved abutment가 지대주 나사풀림 현상에 미치는 영향을 확인하는 것이다. 재료 및 방법: 2015년 3월부터 7월까지 연세대학교 치과대학병원 보철과에 내원한 50명, 51개 임플란트에 대해서 임플란트 보철 장착 후 6개월 점검 시 지대주 연결나사의 안정성을 평가하였다. 대조군은 groove가 없는 지대주를 사용한 30개 임플란트이었고, 실험군은 groove가 있는 지대주를 사용한 21개 임플란트이었으며, Astra, Straumann, Implantium, Osstem 시스템이 사용되었다. 6개월 점검 시에 지대주 연결나사의 풀림여부를 조사하였고, 동일한 힘으로 재체결 시 지대주 연결나사의 추가 회전각을 측정하였으며, 보철물 협측하방 부위에서 PTV를 측정하였다. SPSS 프로그램을 이용하여 정규성 분석 후 Mann-Whitney 분석을 시행하였다. 결과: 51개 임플란트에 대해 보철 장착 후 6개월 점검을 시행한 바, 나사 풀림이나 보철물 파절 등의 특이할 만한 합병증은 나타나지 않았다. 6개월 후 지대주 연결나사의 추가회전각은, 실험군 평균은 $4.75^{\circ}$이었고 대조군 평균은 $7.35^{\circ}$이었으며, 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다 (P = .576). PTV에서도 유의한 차이는 없었다 (P = .767). 결론: 지대주의 groove 여부가 지대주 연결나사의 안정성에 미치는 영향은 유의한 차이가 없으나, 이에 대해 좀더 장기적이고 다수의 증례를 이용한 추가적인 연구가 필요해 보인다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.664-670
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• 2004

Statement of problem. One of the common problems of dental implant prosthesis is the loosening of the screw that connects each component, and this problem is more common in single implant-supported prostheses with external connection. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to examine the changes of detorque values of abutment screws with external connection in different abutment heights. Materials and methods. After cyclic loading on three different abutment heights, detorque values were measured. Abutments were retained with titanium abutment screws tightened to 30 Ncm (30.5 kgmm) with digital torque gauge as recommended by the manufacturer. Replacing abutments, implants and titanium abutment screws with new ones at every measurement, initial detorque values were measured six times. In measuring de torque values after cyclic loading, Avana Cemented Abutments of 4.0 mm collar, 7.0 mm height (Osstem Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea) were used with three different lengths of 5.0, 8.0, 11.0 mm. Shorter abutments were made by milling of 11.0 mm abutment to have the same force-exercised area of 4.5 mm diameter. Sine curve force (20N-320N, 14Hz) was applied, and detorque values were measured after cyclic loading of 2 million times by loading machine. Detorque values of initial and after-loading were measured by digital torque gauge. One-way ANOVA was employed to see if there was any influence from different abutment heights. Results. The results were as follows: 1. The initial detorque value was 27.8$\pm$0.93 kgmm, and the ratio of the initial detorque value to the tightening torque was 0.91(27.8/30.5). 2. Measured detorque values after cyclic loading were declined as the height of the abutment increased, that was, 5.0 mm; 22.3$\pm$0.82 kgmm, 8.0 mm; 21.8$\pm$0.93 kgmm, and 11.0 mm; 21.3$\pm$0.94 kgmm. 3. One-way ANOVA showed no statistically significant differences among these (p>0.05). 4. Noticeable mobility at the implant-abutment interface was not observed in any case after cyclic loading at all.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.291-299
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• 2006

During long bone lengthening, there are many disadvantages including axial deviation, malalignment and re-fracture which are commonly encountered inspite of its proven abilities. To study the effects of intramedullary K-wire application on the lengthening of long bone, ten skeletally mature mongrel dogs were separated into two groups(Group I, II). Right femurs of group I(5 dogs) were fixed with only monolateral external fixator after subperiosteal osteotomy. Right femurs of group II(5 dogs) were fixed with mono lateral external fixator and intramedullary K-wire after subperiosteal osteotomy. Lengthening was started at 7 days after the surgery with the rate of 0.5 mm per day for 5 weeks and the dogs were sacrificed after 15 weeks postoperatively to examine histologic differences and evaluate bone mineral density. Radiographic examination at an interval of two weeks was done to evaluate the type of callus formed and to analyze complications including instability of external skeletal fixation and axial deviation. Bone mineral density at the lengthened area and contralateral nonlengthened area were measured using quantitative computerized tomography. Histological examination of regenerated bone was performed using Masson's trichrome stain method. The radiographs demonstrated poor callus formation, higher incidence of axial deviation and screw loosening in the group I compared to the group II. The bone mineral density at the lengthened area in the group II was higher than that of the group I(P<0.05). Histological examination showed that the new bone trabeculae in the group II were greater than that of the group I. In conclusion, the combination of monolateral external fixator and intramedullary K-wire can prevent pin loosening, axial deviation and reduce healing period in dogs.

• 기술사
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.32-35
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• 2006

The recent speculation fever in Kangnam have been cooled down by the August 31 heavy taxation tool for curbing speculators. Another March 30 real estate control equipped with high capital gains tax up to 50% was targeting reconstruction projects of dilapidated apartment complexes mostly inside of Kangnam area. The shortage of larger unit supply with its high demand results in price polarization problem. It makes higher price for larger units and less price for smaller units, and therefore higher priced home owners become richer and lower priced home owners become poorer. To avoid the polarization problem and anther probable price hikes in the near future, it may be suggested to supply quality homes by loosening the tight rules for the apartment reconstruction project, and thereby kangnam housing price stabilization can be achieved.