• 한국자기학회:학술대회 개요집
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• 한국자기학회 2003년도 하계학술연구발표회 및 한.일 공동심포지엄
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• pp.88-89
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• 2003

During the past decade, giant magnetotransport phenomena such as giant magetoresistance (GMR) in thin films and in manganese perovskites, and, giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) in soft magnetic amorphous ribbons, have brought much interest in the basic physical understanding and their applications as magnetic recording heads and in magnetic sensors technology. Among the parameters required for the quality of a magnetic sensor, temperature dependences of GMR and GMI profiles are playing an important role. In the present work, we have studied temperature dependences of the longitudinal permeability and giant magnetoimpedance effect in $Co_{70}$F $e_{5}$S $i_{15}$ N $b_{2.2}$C $u_{0.8}$ $B_{7}$ amorphous ribbons expecting as a promising candidate in the domain of magnetic sensors.rs.rs.rs.s.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.299-309
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• 1997

Soil and rock improvement and reinforcement techniques are applied to achieve safe tunnel excavation in difficult geological conditions. The Umbrella Arch Method(UAM), one of the auxiliary techniques, is used to reduce ground permeability and improve stabtility of the tunnel by inserting a series of steel pipes into ground around the crown inclined to the longitudinal axis of the tunnel. Additionally, multi-step grouting is added through the steel pipes. UAM combines the advantages of a modern forepoling system with the grouting injection method. This technique has been applied in subway, road and utility tunneling sites for the last few years in Korea. This paper presents the results of analysis of the case studies on ground movements associated with UAM used in the Seoul Subway line 5 constructon site. Improvement of tunnel stability and decrease of ground settlement expected with pipe insertion are also discussed. Finally, the method to minimize ground settlements caused by NATM tunnelling are suggested.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1090-1095
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• 2004

Umbrella Arch Method(UAM), among others. is commonly applied to increase the facial stability during tunnel excavation and, depending on the field condition, additional reinforcement techniques can be used simultaneously. UAM, together with grouting method, is normally used to reduce ground permeability and improve stability of the tunnel by inserting a series of steel pipes into the ground around the crown inclined to the longitudinal axis of the tunnel. However. there has not been much rigorous study on the effectiveness of UAM, and most of UAM installations depend on empirical judgement rather than on engineering calculation, .In this study, the effectiveness of UAM is demonstrated based on the constitutive relationship involving UAM derived from the mechanics of composite material, and the numerical investigation is compared with small scale experiments on the tunnel reinforcement.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.9-19
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• 1990

원통형 및 환형 유전체공진기의 복소유전율과 투자율을 측정하기 위한 이론적인 해석과 측정방법을 제시하였다. 두 개의 평면도체 사이에 유전체공진기를 놓고 공진주파수와 무부하 Q, 그리고 치수를 측정하면 복소유전율과 투자율을 구할 수 있으며 이 방법을 고차모우드에 대하여 반복적으로 행하면 더 넓은 주파수 범위에서 측정이 가능하다. 이 때 각각의 공진모우드는 유전체공진기의 방위각과 축방향에 대한 전계 세기의 변화를 측정함으로써 결정할 수 있다. 그리고 여러가지 오차의 요인들을 고려한 측정오차의 해석으로부터 $TE_{0np}$ 또는 quasi-TE 모우드를 측정에 이용할 경우 복소유전율의 실수부분은 $0.5{\%}$, 허수부분은 $4{\%}$ 이내의 측정오차를 가짐이 밝혀졌다.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.35-39
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• 2007

A highly sensitive magnetic sensor using the Giant MagnetoImpedance effect has been developed. The sensor performance is studied and estimated. The sensor circuitry consists of a square wave generator (driving source), a sensing element in a form of composite wire of a 25 $\mu$m copper core electrodeposited with a thin layer of soft magnetic material ($Ni_{80}Fe_{20}$), and two amplifier stages for improving the gain, switching mechanism, scaler circuit, an AC power source driving the permeability of the magnetic coating layer of the sensing element into a dynamic state, and a signal pickup LC circuit formed by a pickup coil and an capacitor. Experimental studies on sensor have been carried out to investigate the key parameters in relation to the sensor sensitivity and resolution. The results showed that for high sensitivity and resolution, the frequency and magnitude of the ac driving current through the sensing element each has an optimum value, the resonance frequency of the signal pickup LC circuit should be equal to or twice as the driving frequency on the sensing element, and the anisotropy of the magnetic coating layer of the sensing wire element should be longitudinal.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.215-222
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• 2024

Ni-rich cathode materials have been developed as the most promising candidates for next-generation cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries because of their high capacity and energy density. In particular, the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries could be enhanced by increasing the contents of nickel ion. However, there are still limitations, such as low structural stability, cation mixing, low capacity retention and poor rate capability. Herein, we have successfully developed the nanorod-type Ni-rich cathode materials by using co-precipitation method. Particularly, the nanorod-type primary particles of LiNi_0.7Co_0.15Mn_0.15O₂ could facilitate the electron transfer because of their longitudinal morphology. Moreover, there were holes at the center of secondary particles, resulting in high permeability of the electrolyte. Lithium-ion batteries using the prepared nanorod-type LiNi_0.7Co_0.15Mn_0.15O₂ achieved highly improved electrochemical performance with a superior rate capability during battery cycling.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 복합토양층(조립질 모래, 세립질 모래, 실트 점토의 혼합토)에서 수행된 현장추적자시험과 3개 토양층에서 채취된 시료를 이용한 실내주상실험의 자료를 이용하여, 복합토양층의 수리분산특성을 분석하였다. 토양층별 투수성과 유동 분석에 의해, 유효공극률이 낮은 실트 점토의 혼합토와 세립질 모래에서 평균선형유속이 높고, 유효공극률이 큰 조립질 모래에서는 수리전도도가 높은 것을 알 수 있었다. 평균토양입경에 따른 수리전도도 함수는 Y=$3.49{\times}10^{-8}e^{15320x}$로 추정되었으며 결정계수는 0.90이었다. 평균토양입경에 따른 평균선형유속 함수는 Y=$1.88{\times}10^{-7}e^{11459x}$로 추정되었으며, 결정 계수는 0.81이었다. 그리고 평균토양입경에 따른 종분산지수 함수는 Y = 0.00256$e^{5971x}$이었으며, 결정계수는 0.98 정도로 나타났다. 평균선형유속과 종분산지수의 선형회귀분석 결과, 함수는 Y = 21.7527x+0.0063로 추정되었으며 결정계수는 0.9979로서 매우 높게 나타났다. 본 연구에서 산정된 현장규모/실내쥬모의 종분산지수비는 54.09로서 규모종속효과를 나타내었다. 현장추적자시험을 실시하여 산정한 종분산지수(1.39m)가 Xu와 Eckstein(1995)의 방법에 의해 산정된 종분산지수(0.186m)에 비해 7.47배 정도 크게 나타났다. 이는 시험 대수층 내 중 조립질 모래층에서의 우세한 확산 흐름에 의한 것이다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.27-41
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• 2017

This study dealt with the characteristics and the interrelations of hydrogeological parameters such as hydraulic conductivity, dispersivity and effective porosity of unconsolidated sediments for providing the basic data necessary for the planning of the management and preservation of groundwater quality in the Nakdong River Delta of Busan City, Korea. Groundwater quality in this area has been deteriorated due to seawater intrusion, agricultural fertilizer and pesticide, industrial wastewater, and contaminated river water. The physical properties (grain size distribution, sediment type, sorting) and aquifer parameters (hydraulic conductivity, effective porosity, longitudinal dispersivity) were determined from grain size analysis, laboratory permeability test and column tracer test. Among 36 samples, there were 18 Sand (S), 7 Gravelly Sand (gS), 5 Silty Sand (zS), 5 Muddy Sand (mS), and 1 Sandy Silt (sZ). Hydraulic conductivity was determined through a falling head test, and ranged from $9.2{\times}10^{-5}$ to $2.9{\times}10^{-2}cm/sec$ (0.08 to 25.6 m/day). From breakthrough curves, dispersivity was calculated to be 0.35~3.92 cm. Also, effective porosity and average linear velocity were obtained through the column tracer test, and their values were 0.04~0.46 and 1.06E-04~6.49E-02 cm/sec, respectively. Statistical methods were used to understand the interrelations among aquifer parameters of hydraulic conductivity, effective porosity and dispersivity. The relation between dispersivity and hydraulic conductivity or effective porosity considered the sample length, because dispersivity was affected by experimental scale. The relations between dispersivity and hydraulic conductivity or effective porosity were all in inverse proportion for all long and short samples. The reason was because dispersivity was in inverse proportion to the groundwater velocity in case of steady hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient, and groundwater velocity was in proportion to the hydraulic conductivity or effective porosity. This study also elucidated that longitudinal dispersivity was dependent on the scale of column tracer test, and all hydrogeological parameters were low to high values due to the sand quantity of sediments. It is expected that the hydrogeological parameter data of sediments will be very useful for the planning of groundwater management and preservation in the Nakdong River Delta of Busan City, Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 1997

The effectiveness of presteaming for improving CCA treatability on refractory Japanese larch heartwood was investigated in this study. Presteaming was effective on improving treatability, and the extent of improvement was dependent on moisture contents of wood specimen and steaming conditions. Green wood showed higher average value in both preservative retention and penetration than dry wood, and steaming under pressure conditions also had higher treatability than steaming at atmospheric conditions. The degree of improvement for treatability was increased with the extension of steaming period. Treatability of dry wood pres teamed under pressure conditions more than 6 hours and green wood for 3 hours was similar to that enhanced by conventional incising. Presteaming green wood under pressure conditions more than 6 hours was more effective than conventional incising in improvement of CCA treatability, and resultant treatability satisfied a minimum value required for CCA-treated wood for being used at the regions of hazard class H3 and H4. In addition, an improvement of treatability by presteaming was due to an increase in permeability resulted from the degradation of hemicelluloses within aspirated pit membrane and cell wall, not the removal of extractives from pit membrane. The reduction in strength, measured as longitudinal compressive strength, due to pres teaming was related with the degradation of hemicelluloses, and was increased as steaming conditions were severe. The degree of strength reduction associated with presteaming treatment to obtain required treatability could be quantified from the relatively good relation between the increase in treatability and the decrease in strength.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.52-60
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• 2003

액체암모니아 처리 침·활엽수 소시편의 물리적 성질을 무처리와 비교하였다. 처리시간은 4와 8시간으로 하였다. 동일한 환경에서 처리재의 평형함수율은 무처리재보다 항상 높았으나 전건 후에는 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 암모니아 처리를 오래할수록 방사방향과 접선방향으로 수축이 일어났으나 섬유방향에는 변화가 없었다. 또 처리시간이 길수록 초음파 전달속도는 감소하고 밀도는 증가하였다. 따라서 동탄성계수는 감소함을 보였다. 밤나무의 가소화는 증기처리가 액체 암모니아 처리보다 효과 있음과 인사이징이 침·활엽수 모두 액체 암모니아 침투성을 높이지 못했음이 밝혀졌다. 액체 암모니아 처리는 5mm두께 침엽수 시편에서 제일 좋은 가소화 효과를 보였다. 상대유전율과 열전달계수도 측정하여 처리재와 무처리재를 비교하였다.