• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.185-190
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• 2006

An ultrasonic self-calibrating technique for the characterization of a ceramic which was fabricated by change pressing time during the HIP process has been applied by using the ratio of the reflection and transmission coefficients of normal incidence longitudinal waves. The ratio is self-compensated, in that it is independent of the characteristics for transmission and reception of ultrasound by the transducer and the condition of the couplant. The insensitive direction in parameter space is defined as the direction in which the variation of the ratio to changes of two parameters vanishes. For inverse problem the distribution of minima in an error surface is investigated.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.840-847
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• 1997

In order to investigate the protein intake of breast-fed infants, we examined sixty infants during the first 5 months of lactation. Human milk intake infants increased during lactation with the respective values of 525, 671, 734, 744 , 765 and 768g/day t 0.5, 1, 2, 3, , 4 and 5 months postpartum. The average protein contents of human milk showed 1.58, 1.38, 1.23, 1.11, 1.08and 1.07g/100g respectively. The protein intake of boys during the first 5 months of lactation averaged 9.11g/day which was higher than the 7.71g/day average for girls. Body weight of infants at birth was 3337g, which increased significantly during lactation. The protein intake per body weight of breast-fed infants in boys was significantly higher than that in girls(p<0.01). Protein intake of breast-fed infants had survey, a revaluation of the protein intake and recommended dietary allowance of protein during early infancy should be considered.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.63-74
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• 2020

The present research investigates post-buckling behavior of geometrically imperfect tapered curved micro-panels made of graphene oxide powder (GOP) reinforced composite. Micro-scale effects on the panel structure have been included based on strain gradient elasticity. Micro-panel is considered to be tapered based on thickness variation along longitudinal direction. Weight fractions of uniformly and linearly distributed GOPs are included in material properties based on Halpin-Tsai homogenization scheme considering. Post-buckling curves have been determined based on both perfect and imperfect micro-panel assumptions. It is found that post-buckling curves are varying with the changes of GOPs weight fraction, geometric imperfection, GOP distribution type, variable thickness parameters, panel curvature radius and strain gradient.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.119-125
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• 2023

In this research, a network model was developed to predict combustion instability in an annular gas turbine combustor (GT24) for power generation. The model consisted of various acoustic elements such as several ducts and area changes which could represent a real combustor with a complex geometry, applied mass, momentum, and energy equations to each element. In addition, a one-dimensional network model through a cylindrical coordinate system has been proposed to predict various acoustic modes. As a result of the analysis, the key resonant frequencies such as longitudinal, circumferential, and complex modes were derived from the EV combustor of GT24, and the reliability of the current model was verified through comparison with the 3D Helmholtz solver.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.133-154
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• 2023

The Korean Peninsula is geographically located in the centre of Far Eastern Asia and has complex and various climate conditions following longitudinal topology, which would expect to be result in high diversity and endemism of millipede. In this study, the millipede fauna of the Korean Peninsula consists of 68 species plus 5 subspecies from 29 genera, 15 families and 7 orders. Of these species/subspecies, 29 and 12 are endemic in South Korea and North Korea, respectively; nine are recorded in both South Korea and North Korea. Each species has been provided comprehensive information including an original report, taxonomic changes, distribution, and remarks if necessary. Moreover, unsolved taxonomic uncertainty of some species included in this checklist should be investigated through further study.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.57-65
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• 2024

Recently, several studies have been conducted to lower the cost of transport of human by adding external joint stiffness elements. However, it has not been clearly elucidated whether adaptation time is required for human subjects to adapt to the added external joint stiffness. In this study, carbon plates in the form of shoe midsoles were added to the metatarsophalangeal joint, and the lower limb joint torque and mechanical energy consumption were compared before and after a total of 5 sessions (2.5 weeks) of running. A total of 11 young healthy participants exhibited higher elastic energy storage in carbon plates in the fifth session compared to the first session, and lower power in the ankle joint. This suggests that a single training session may be insufficient to validate the efficiency effect of added joint stiffness, and the human body seems to increase the elastic energy stored in the assistive joint stiffness and its reutilization.

• Advances in materials Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.87-102
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• 2024

This paper is focused on the delamination analysis of a multilayered beam structure loaded in torsion under strain-path control. The beam under consideration has a rectangular cross-section. The layers of the beam are made of different viscoelastic materials which exhibit continuous inhomogeneity in longitudinal direction. Since the delamination is located inside the beam structure, the torsion moments in the two crack arms are obtained by modeling the beam as an internally static undetermined structure. The strain energy stored in the beam is analyzed in order to derive the strain energy release rate (SERR). Since the delamination is located inside the beam, the delamination has two tips. Thus, solutions of the SERR are obtained for both tips. The solutions are verified by analyzing the beam compliance. Delamination analysis with bending-torsion coupling is also performed. The solutions derived are timedependent due to two factors. First, the beam has viscoelastic behavior and, second, the angle of twist of the beam-free end induced by the external torsion moment changes with time according to a law that is fixed in advance.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.394-402
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to investigate diet quality and changes in nutrient and food intake with increase in age. Subjects were 69 patients(28 males, 41 females) living in Jeon-ju city, over middle-aged, and they were the same patients studied 4-7 years ago in a previous study. Dietary survey with one day 24-hour recall method was used. Energy, calcium, vitamin A and vitamin B$_2$intakes were lower than the RDA and vitamin C was in excessive status in pre-test and post-test. In food groups examrned, the consumption of potatoes, beans, vegetables, seaweeds, beverages, seasonings, oils, fish & shells and milks was increased amount than 4-7 years before but the consumption of cereals(p<0.01), sugars, seeds, fruits, processed food, meats and eggs was decreased. Diet quality was assessed by %RDA, nutrient adequacy ratio(NAR), mean adequacy ratio(MAR), dietary diversity score(DDS), meal balance and food group pattern. In %RDA, those proportion of appropriate intake in post-test in were higher than those in pre-test. For most nutrient except vitamin A, the levels of NAR in post-test were higher than in pretest. The MAR, an index of overall dietary quality, was 0.77 for pre-test and 0.83 for post-test(p<0.05). When we counted the major food groups consumed(KDDS), 62.3% of subjects had a KDDS of 3 in pre-test and 42.0% of subjects had a KDDS of 4 in post-test. Based on these results, in terms of variety and balance, total diet quality was improved with advancing of age.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.790-798
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• 2011

'Mu-acupuncture treatment(繆刺法)' and 'Geo-acupuncture treatment(巨刺法)' are the ways of taking acupuncture points on the sound side of a human body and not on the unsound side of a human body to treat disease, 'Mu-acupuncture treatment(繆刺法)' is applicable to 'Transverse meridian disease(絡脈病)', 'Geo-acupuncture treatment(巨刺法)' is applicable to 'Longitudinal meridian disease(經脈病)'. To diagnose a disease as transverse meridian disease or longitudinal meridian disease depends on 'Feeling pulse at the nine spots of three parts on a body for diagnosis (三部九候診)'. 'Mu-acupuncture treatment(繆刺法)' takes a 'Rak-acupuncture point(絡穴)' under a wrist and a ankle joint. The method of taking it, two ways, are 'Yu(痏)' and 'The treatment getting some blood(出血療法)'. 'Yu(?)' which is similar to 'Quick-getting acupuncture into and out (單刺法)' means the number of times doing acupuncture and is different from 'The treatment getting some blood (出血療法)' which is typically considered as 'Yu(?)'. Meanwhile, judging from the changes of the methods of feeling pulse for diagnosis and the symptoms of a certain disease, though it is a precondition that 'Biased-Gi(邪氣)' stays at 'The Large transverse meridian(大絡)' in 'The theory of Mu-acupuncture treatment(繆刺論)', it is hard to consider the symptoms of 'Transverse meridian disease(絡脈病)' described in 'The theory of Mu-acupuncture treatment(繆刺論)' as the pure symptoms of 'Transverse meridian disease(絡脈病)'.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.304-308
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• 2010

Purpose: Many causes for triggering or locking of the fingers have been discussed in other literatures. The most common one is known stenosing tenosynovitis, which causes, a mismatch between the volume of the flexor tendon sheath and its contents. However, repeated trauma to the hand is uncommon cause of trigger finger. Therefore, we present a case of a rare condition of stenosing tenosynovitis which developed from a repeated relatively weak superficial flexor tendon injury. Methods: The patient was a 62-year-old woman who showed a painless, fixed and round mass on her right hand with no particular cause. Active and passive range of motion of the metacarpophalangeal joint of long finger was limited in flexion and extension. Ultrasonographic finding showed injured flexor digitorum superficialis tendon had fibrillar architecture with swelling between hyperechoic synovial membrane and hypoechoic surrounding area. Surgical exploration revealed that a bunched portion of the flexor digitorum superficialis and A1 pulley cause triggering during operation after adhesiolysis of scar tissue. Results: After releasing the A1 pulley, the range of motion of the metacarpophalangeal joint of long finger showed no limitation and histological examination of the subcutaneous tissue revealed fibrous fatty degeneration. In this case, releasing the A1 pulley with adhesiolysis of the subcutaneous scar tissue was successful and we obtained good functional outcome. Conclusion: We examined a patient in whom a repetitive impact forces to the palm caused longitudinal tear of the flexor tendon, leading to trigger finger. We experienced a rare case of stenosing tenosynovitis and trigger finger caused after close injury to flexor digitorum superficialis and its degenerative changes that caused mass like effect. To the best of authors' knowledge, our case of close injury to the flexor digitorum superficialis and unique morphologic change before rupture of tendon is rarely to be reported.