• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.154-162
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• 2001

This study was performed to examine the rice growth and nutrient change in paddy soil with reclaimed sewage irrigation. Total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the experimental system were analyzed before and after rice culture. The experiment lasted three consecutive years, and this paper presents results of the last year. Additional supply of nutrients to the rice culture by reclaimed sewage irrigation was significant and it increased the yield. Nutrient uptake by rice plant increased with more nutrient supplied, however. there was limit in plant uptake. Nutrient accumulation occurred in the soil and it was more apparent for the phosphorus where most of the remaining quantity was accumulated while substantial amount of nitrogen was lost during the growing season. This study suggested that additional nutrient supply by reclaimed sewage irrigation might be a supplemental benefit to the rice culture, and it can help the fertilization management. However, long term effects of continual reclaimed sewage irrigation should be assessed carefully including nutrient mass balance in the paddy rice culture system.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.441-453
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• 2018

This study was conducted to understand and describe Korean nurses' perception of person-centered care for elderly patients in long-term care hospitals. Qualitative data were collected through four focus group interviews consisting of 21 nurses working in four long-term care hospitals in Jeolla and Gyeongsang provinces. Participants completed interviews from July 19 to 30, 2018. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed by employing the thematic analysis method. Six main themes for the attributes of person-centered care for elderly patients in the long-term care hospitals were conceptualized: respecting individual needs, walking to the end, supporting hidden dreams, becoming a family partner, helping patients live like they are at home, and changing culture. Person-centered care perceived by nurses was conducted to provide individualized nursing according to elderly's preferences and help them discover the value and meaning of life through various activity programs. Nurses also recognized person-centered care to maintain cooperative relationships with their family members and share their decision-making process, as well as to form a physical environment and organizational culture that respects the rights and autonomy of the elderly. Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to identify the diverse needs of the elderly and develop nursing intervention programs based on person-centered care.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.383-393
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• 2023

We attempted to provide a way to improve job satisfaction by analyzing the relationship between the factors influencing job satisfaction directly or indirectly by the ecological system factors of long-term care worker who provide elderly care services at home benefit institutions. In this study, job satisfaction was confirmed to have a positive (+) correlation with all ecological factors except for social and cultural environmental factors by setting the causal relationship between the social and social characteristics of long-term care worker and job satisfaction as dependent variables. The factors with the highest correlation with job satisfaction were social support, followed by family support, job conditions, trust in welfare policies for the elderly, self-efficacy, and self-esteem. Therefore, it can be seen that nursing care workers who recognize positive support from the surrounding social network and family surrounding nursing care workers and positively recognize job conditions are generally positive.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.767-777
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• 2003

This study defines attributes of the Korean costume culture, focussed on hair, shoes and accessories which express sex-roles, encapsulated in the term, “be like...”. A group of 362 male and female university students from Seoul and Gyeonggi area was surveyed for the study. The statistical analysis of SPSS 10.0 was applied for analyzing the data, and the significant variances were reviewed by the basic statistics and t-test. The results are as follows; First, short hair is perceived as the typical hair style that symbolizes male, both from male and female university students. Hair colors in warm color such as brown, wine, purple, lemon and orange, and the style of hair such as bobbed, long, and perm are perceived as definite clues that symbolized female. Second, when it concerns the types of shoes, both male and female university students cited oxford as the typical clue that symbolizes male, whereas pumps and sandal were cited for female. Third, in terms of types of accessories, both male and female university students perceived necklace, earring, bracelet, hair pin and band, scarf, and muffler as very feminine. Among these, hair pin and band, and scarf are evaluated as the typical clues that signify the role of females. Necktie is perceived as the typical clue that signify male role.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.151-164
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• 2021

The paper identifies the enablers (drivers) and inhibitors (barriers) influencing e-customs implementation in Vietnam (known as a developing country with a lower technological environment) along with determining the impact of e-customs on firm performance. The survey was conducted with the representatives (managers) of firms in five cities and provinces dominating Vietnam's international trade. The data was analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings show two significant drivers (enablers) - relative advantages and national culture, while compatibility and ease of use are the barriers. Previous studies showed that cultural dimensions related to 'uncertainty acceptance' and 'individualism' encourage innovation; however, this paper demonstrates that 'uncertainty avoidance' and 'collectivism' promote e-customs deployment in Vietnam. Previously, Vietnamese culture was known for scoring high on cultural dimensions related to 'power distance' and 'short-term orientation'. However, today, as an emerging country, Vietnamese has switched to 'low distance' and 'long-term orientation', especially in terms of e-customs innovation. Additionally, the paper also emphasized that e-customs implementation had a positive influence on firm performance in Vietnam. Based on the results of the paper, policy-makers can devise essential solutions to enhance e-customs implementation as well as managers of firms can set-up strategies to adapt to the modernized environment.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.185-199
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• 2012

Ecotourism has been attracting much attention as an example industry that can vitalize local economy markets and preserve natural resources. Implementation of 'Ecotourism Designation System' is under consideration to provide ecotourism products that can both emphasize the original meanings of ecotourism and ensure stronger trust from customers than ever before. This research introduced the direction, principles, subjects, and assessment indicators by subjects in terms of implementing the system and proposed fundamentals for both designation assignment and score calculation. In the face of implementing such a system in Korea, the investigation sought subjects whose target areas and programs are in need of examination. For assessment criteria by subjects, six assessment indicators were selected in the end for ecotourism sites, including: (1) the value of natural/ecological preservation (2) facility's ecological design (3) understanding both the environment and local culture (4) systems connecting local communities for cooperation (5) long/short term preservation and maintenance strategies/plans (6) willingness to further develop ecotourism and cooperative platform. In addition, seven assessment indicators were selected for program assignments, including: (1) the value of natural/ecological preservation (2) minimization of environmental effects (3) expansion of environmental understanding (4) sharing the local culture (5) vitalizing local connections and economical activities among communities (6) securing and maintaining professionality among human resources (7) odds of continuation, creativity, and aptness to improve programs. After considering the pros and cons of both categorizing system and yes/no system, implementation of categorizing system for the short term and yes/no for the long term were suggested, followed by additional suggestions of a score calculation system for each system. The official implementation of the 'Ecotourism Designation System' is scheduled for launch in 2013 after the trial operation in 2012. The assessment indicators and fundamentals suggested in this research, considering judgment, must be improved via systematic and practical methods through the trial operation.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.5-26
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• 2023

This study was employed as a basic study to make a medium and long term development plan for a library system in Nowon-gu, Seoul. This study investigated the characteristics and local conditions of Nowon-gu, and analyzed public library system that can promote the development of the library by understanding the current state of the public library, the library's facility status, collections, manpower, and programs. Through the survey, the frequency and purpose of library use of local residents, users' opinions on satisfaction, collection development, expected roles, and policy directions were investigated. Depending on SWOT analysis, missions and strategies for midto long-term development plans for Nowon-gu Library were devised. Based on the research results, researchers proposed strengthening future education, reading culture, sustainable environmental library, and Nowon-gu cultural platform as development strategies.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.619-633
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• 2008

This study is to compare cultural characteristics and the clothing value between Korean and American college women. Also this study is to analyze the culture effect on the clothing value. The cultural characteristics is explained by Hofstede's five Cultural Dimensions- power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation. 800 questionnaires, were utilized for this study. The SPSS 12.0 was used to analyze the technical statistics like average and frequency, 1-test, $x^2$, factor analysis and multiple regression analysis. Also the LISREL 8.0 was used to Perform a confirmatory factor analysis. The result showed, first, there were 5 major cultural differences between Korean and American college women. Comparatively, Korean college women showed higher uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation, and lower power distance, individualism and masculinity. Second, there were differences in the clothing value aspect. Korean college women considered the aesthetic clothing value to be most important, however, American college women considered the economic clothing value to be most important. Third, there were some differences in the clothing value because of the cultural differences. For Korean college women, there were 5 major cultural differences that had an effect on the aesthetic, social, religious and economic clothing values, however, for America college women, the 5 major cultural differences had an effect on the aesthetic, social, and religious values but no effect on the economic value.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.18-23
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• 2013

The purpose of this work was to investigate the several functional characteristics of Lactobacillus sakei JK-17 isolated from long-term fermented kimchi, Muk Eun Ji. Initially, phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to identify the isolate JK-17, and the strain could be assigned to Lactobacillus sakei and designated as L. sakei JK-17. The strain was registered in GenBank as [JX841311]. The changes of bacterial growth and residual organic acids were monitored and HPLC was used to measure quantitatively two organic acids, lactic acid and acetic acid, produced in the culture during 84 hours of incubation. During the incubation period, several functional characteristics of L. sakei JK-17 were examined. L. sakei JK-17 culture depleted nitrite concentration 94.75%. Antioxidant activity of cultural supernatants of L. sakei JK-17 was approx. 53.8%, and ${\beta}$-galactosidase activities were 0.243 units/mL at pH 7.0 and 0.387 units/mL at pH 4.1, respectively. The antibacterial activities against food-poisoning causing bacteria were examined with 20-fold concentrated culture supernatants from L. sakei JK-17 and the antibacterial effects were clearly observed against all bacteria tested in this work.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.339-347
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• 2011

Human eyelid adipose-derived stem cells (hEAs) and amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMs) are very valuable sources for the cell therapeutics. Both types of cells have a great proliferating ability in vitro and a multipotency to differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts and chondrocytes. In the present study, we evaluated their stem cell characteristics after long-time cryopreservation for 6, 12 and 24 months. When frozen-thawed cells were cultivated in vitro, their cumulative cell number and doubling time were similar to freshly prepared cells. Also they expressed stem cell-related genes of SCF, NANOG, OCT4, and TERT, ectoderm-related genes of NCAM and FGF5, mesoderm/endoderm-related genes of CK18 and VIM, and immune-related genes of HLA-ABC and ${\beta}$2M. Following differentiation culture in appropriate culture media for 2-3 weeks, both types of cells exhibited well differentiation into adipocyte, osteoblast, and chondrocyte, as revealed by adipogenic, osteogenic or chondrogenic-specific staining and related genes, respectively. In conclusion, even after long-term storage hEAs and hAMs could maintain their stem cell characteristics, suggesting that they might be suitable for clinical application based on stem cell therapy.