• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.67-84
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• 2022

This study aimed to explore the status of food service outsourcing behavior of long-term care institutions (LTCIs) through a cross-sectional survey using a questionnaire administered between July 16th and August 7th, 2020. The survey respondents were either dietitians or facility managers, who worked at 731 nursing homes, 477 group homes, and 673 day-care centers. Approximately 25.9% of nursing homes, 11.7% of group homes, and 33.1% of day-care centers used a managed-services company to operate their food service units. The main reason for outsourcing food service by nursing homes was related to the staffing of dietitians and cooks, whereas group homes and day-care centers outsourced food services due to factors relating to meal costs and the cooking process. Almost all the LTCIs entered into private contracts for outsourced food services. Only a few food service contracts included the types of meals, nutrition standards such as protein and calories per meal, and the parameter or ratio of food cost. Of the respondents, 84.5% from nursing homes, 87.5% from group homes, and 87.1% from day-care centers agreed that the quality of outsourced food services of the LTCIs should be regulated. Meals are essential for maintaining the health and functional status of LTCI users. As more LTCIs outsource their food services, we suggest the following: (1) Increasing the minimum dietitian staffing standards for LTCIs as per the Welfare of Senior Citizens Act and requiring at least one dietitian for every nursing home, (2) Making it mandatory to use a standard food service contract template when drafting food service contract, and (3) Developing realistic standards for food service operations considering the size and operation type of the LTCIs.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.66-74
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• 2008

Warranty contracting for pavements construction has been widely used in Europeans countries, Japan, and the U.S. and the benefits of warranty contract has been proven. This research investigated the European, U.S., and Japanese warranty contract policies and compared pros and cons. The most appropriate warranty contract policy solution is developed to fit in the Korean construction industry culture. Three main conclusions have been developed in this study: (1) performance specifications should be developed; (2) the systematic method is required to estimate the appropriate costs of performance bond and warranty period, etc.; and (3) short and long term plans for adopting performance warranty contract in Korea are suggested.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.97-104
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• 2007

Competition among building contractors in the Korean construction environment has been increasing lately, and with the recent conclusion of the FTA between Korea and the United States, further advancement in the systems of construction, bidding and contract awarding is expected to be facilitated in the long term. Considerable changes are also expected particularly in the construction management (CM) market. Given these drastic changes, it has become more noticeable that the role of CM is enlarged in terms of time, cost, quality, risks and others to guarantee the Korean competitiveness against the global construction market. This study analyzed the current status of domestic CM companies via SWOT analysis and, based on such analysis, established development strategies for CM contractors. The strategies proposed in this study will be utilized by CM companies as basic materials in their future strategies in a short, mid and long term perspective respectively for competitive advantages in the market.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2007.03a
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• pp.601-610
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• 2007

Responding to the fierce market competition and trying to cut personnel costs, the construction industry in Taiwan is adopting atypical employment in human resource. To discover this trend, this study employed a questionnaire survey to investigate the current use of atypical employment by domestic contractors and its possible impacts on the industry. According to the 103 returned valid questionnaires, 40.8% of the respondent contractors have applied some atypical employment types in recent three years and most of them used fixed-term employment. The major reasons the contractors used atypical employees are to reduce personnel costs, to deal with business fluctuations and to streamline personnel. According to the respondents, there is no significant difference between the advantages and disadvantages of using a large number of atypical employees in the short term. However, in the long term, atypical employment is generally more disadvantageous than advantageous.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.11-22
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• 2014

Purpose - The domestic franchise industry has made significant contributions to industry such as investment, employment, and community economy development, facilitating growth potential. The franchise industry provides management knowhow transfer between parent companies and franchisees as per contracts addressing use of business signs, franchisees' independent position, franchisor support, and royalties to be paid to the franchisors. However, many franchisors lack management knowhow and provide insufficient support because of poor control of franchisees and not having a systematic approach to support. This results in dissatisfied franchisees and failure to establish long-term relationships. Few studies have examined relational commitment and/or re-contract intention by support resources between franchisors and franchisees, despite a considerable output of theories and studies of the growth of the franchise industry. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to examine the effects of the ability to provide resources on relational commitments and re-contract intention, and to suggest causal relationships and implications. Research design, data, and methodology - The subject was domestic franchisors registered with the Association of Franchise with more than 50 franchisees. Franchisees under contract for 2 years and considering re-contract of their franchise 2 years later were used. The subjects totaled 300 franchisees in Seoul. A questionnaire survey was used to investigate the subject of franchisees' concessions during the 10 days from November 21, 2013 to November 30, 2013. After excluding 16 surveys with poor answers, 284 responses were finally used. Four areas and 44 questions were used. A nominal scale was used for four common characteristics questions including gender, ages, educational background, and franchise managing time. Questions regarding ability, relational commitment, and re-contract intention made use of a Likert 5-point scale. Data coding and data cleaning were used. SPSS 18.0 was used as follows. First, frequency analysis was done to investigate demographic characteristics. Second, exploratory factor analysis was done to verify validity of testing tools, and Cronbach's α coefficient was used to verify reliability. Third, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were done. An exploratory factor analysis was done to verify validity of concepts. A correlation analysis was done to test relationships between the variables, and multiple regression analysis was done to verify franchisor's ability, franchisees' relational commitment, and re-contract intention. Results - The following were the outcomes. First, store operation management, finance operation management, and human resource management affected the calculated bond. Second, store operation management and finance operation management affected the emotional bond. Third, store operation management, finance operation management, human resource management, and marketing management affected the prescriptive bond. Fourth, calculated bond and prescriptive bond had an effect on re-contract intention. Conclusions - As stated above, in franchise management, parent companies' offer and instruction of core competence to their franchisees as an information resource could improve the relational bond by helping them grow together through the resource sharing. Consequently, core competence factors were promoting factors that could improve franchisees' re-contract intention for a long time.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.48
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• pp.127-155
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• 2010

The international transactions of capital goods such as industrial plant exports, overseas constructions, and shipbuilding exports, are so huge that tremendous amount of funds are required, and that most of the loans are long-term credits of over five years. In the export of huge capital goods, financing is more crucial than technology itself. Some of the importing countries are developing ones that are politically and economically unstable. Therefore the financing mechanism for these transactions is conclusive in winning these projects. Global financial market instability caused by US sub-prime mortgage financial crisis expanded all over the world, and the international transactions have been decreased due to global credit crisis. This indicates how much influential the financing market is in international transactions. The financing schemes are classified into supplier credit and buyer credit by who provides the financing. A supplier credit is a credit extended by an exporter(seller) to an importer(buyer) as part of an export contract. Cover for this transaction may be extended by an export credit agency('ECA') to the exporter. In a sales contract a seller shall provide fund required to manufacture goods, and in a construction contract a contractor shall provide fund required to complete a construction. A buyer credit is an arrangement in which an exporter enters into a contract with an importer, which is financed by means of a loan agreement A Comparative Study on a Supplier Credit and a Buyer Credit in International Transactions of Capital Goods 155 where the borrower is the importer. In a sales contract a buyer shall provide fund required to manufacture and procure the goods, and in a construction contract an owner shall provide fund required to complete a construction. Therefore an exporter is paid on progressive payment method. A supplier credit and a buyer credit have their own advantages and disadvantages in the respect of the parties respectively. These two financing methods are selectively used considering financing conditions such as funding cost, importer's and/or exporter's financial conditions, importing country's political risk.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.30-37
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• 2017

In Korea, additional indirect costs generated from the time period extension of public construction projects have been studied. Practical claims against such costs are increasing. There are no clear criteria for calculating the delay cost caused by the extension, and thus calculation methods differ across entities. Logical valid calculation methods have also not been researched. Further, there are no Korean studies on the additional indirect cost caused by a suspension in a public construction project on a long-term continuing contract. The purpose of this research is to propose a method of calculating the indirect cost incurred by construction time extension that reflects the characteristics of Korean public construction projects. The cost patterns generated during construction periods were analyzed, and then the current criteria of calculating the indirect costs caused by the extension were examined. Following this, actual conditions and practices in the field were surveyed and the current calculation method was applied to a model case to compare the actual cost and that determined from the current calculation method. Issues with the current method were identified by this comparison. Based on this, this research proposes a method of calculating the total actual cost caused by a suspension in a public construction project that is appropriate for calculating the additional indirect cost generated by a suspension in a public construction project on a long-term continuing contract.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.151-178
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• 2016

This study is based on precedent research on contract fairness to prevent irrational contract practices and enable long term mutual interests between logistic firms and shipper. Actual unjust contract examples were identified in order to help create this positive partnership. An analysis on the difference of perspective proved that while the logistics companies believed on the positive effects of the presence of additional expense clauses & potential risk clauses, the very same companies believed that the concretization of procedural & distributional equitability clauses will cause positive effects on the partnership between the logistics companies and the shipper. On the other hand, concretizationof the expense clauses brings about a negative effect for the shipper company. Also, the perspective of a logistics company appears that such results were identical to the empirical study which had a positiveeffect. However, the shipping company had a negative and a rather opposite point of view. These researches prove that there should be an alteration in perception for the shipper company. It is believed that the comparison of the results of this research and the leading researches may provide grounds for thought-provoking suggestions that must be concretized and also for those in need for further settlement for drafting the standardized logistics contract and its logistics.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.57-65
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• 2014

Risk factors are the reason behind cost overruns and delays in long-term large-scale IT service projects. Major risks originate from the integration of complex IT system components, including software, hardware, and solutions; the competitive bidding process; the turnkey and firm-fixed price nature of contracts; and the project execution environment. We have identified several risk factors such as delay in acceptance, low quality of deliverables, delay in payment, adding and changing requirements and scope, unclear definition of roles and responsibilities of the buyer and supplier, and unclear procedures of change and quality management during the project execution phase. One needs to manage risks proactively before signing the contract. In order to weed out or lower the risk factors well in advance, we need to identify and remove risk factors contained in contract clauses and attached contract documents. We propose a checklist for assessing IT service project contracts. To validate the checklist's utility, we applied it to an IT service project in the finance industry. The results show that the checklist is effective in identifying and removing risk factors pertaining to IT service projects.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.43-69
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• 2008

The labor contract Law has been prepared as an important solution for social stability. After long disputes around the orientations of the law, On June 29, 2007, the new Chinese labor contract law is passed. This law reflects the changing labor relations because of economic reforms like restructuring of the state-owned enterprises and so on. This law contains more market-oriented clauses that are supplemented by corporatist scheme supported by trade unions than the first draft. This law emphasize labor's rights and interests to remove prior labor contract problem. So Chines government see this law as standard law to restructure social relationship and also require firms to corporate social responsibility. Therefore, implementation of the new Chinese labor contract law bring about increasing labor cost, infringement of autonomy for human resource management, rigidity of industrial relations. Under these situation, Korean shipping and port logistics companies need to introduce management system of minimized employment, prepare human resource management in response to long-term employment, maintain favor relationship with trade union, and set up counteiplan about risk of a labor dispute.