• 전자공학회논문지S
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• 제35S권12호
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• pp.109-120
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• 1998

본 논문에서는 퍼지 벌레 검색과 최소-최대 군집화 알고리즘에 기반한 영상 영역화 기법을 제안한다. 전체 영상에서 에지 정보는 픽셀들의 공간 관계를 포함하게 되며, 이를 위해 목적 함수들의 인자를 조정하여 퍼지 벌레의 행동을 정의하며, 에지 정보를 검사하는 방법으로 퍼지 벌레값과 최소-최대 노드를 이용한다. 에지 추출을 사용하는 현재의 영역화 방법들은 수학적 모델에 기반한 매스크 정보를 필요로 하며, 매스크 연산으로 인하여 수행 시간도 많이 걸리게 된다. 반면에, 제안하는 알고리즘은 퍼지 벌레의 검색에 따라 단일 연산을 수행하게 된다. 제안하는 알고리즘에서 필요한 범위의 크기를 스스로 결정하고 빠르고 강력한 계산을 수행하기 위해 최적해를 찾는 유전 알고리즘을 도입하고자 한다. 추가적으로, 영상의 그레이-히스토그램에서 퍼지 검색과 군집화를 수행하기 위해 유전 알고리즘을 사용하는 유전 퍼지 벌레 검색과 유전 최소-최대 군집화가 제안된다. 시뮬레이션 결과는 제안된 알고리즘이 히스토그램을 사용하여 적응적으로 양자화되며, 계산 시간과 메모리를 적게 요구하는 단일 검색 방법을 수행한다는 것을 보여준다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.279-286
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to compare the electromyographic(EMG) activities of trunk and hip muscles between right and left sides while subjects performed prolonged manual task in asymmetric and symmetric weight-bearing posture. Fifteen healthy male college students were recruited for this study. The subjects were asked to perform bimanual upper extremity task for 6 minutes in two different standing postures. In the symmetric weight-bearing posture, the subjects were standing with evenly distributed body weights to both legs. In the asymmetric weight-bearing posture, the subjects distributed about 90% of their body weight onto their preferred(supporting) leg and 10% of their body weight onto the opposite leg while they were standing. EMG activities of the right and left internal oblique, erector spinae, gluteus maximus, and gluteus medius were measured and normalized as % MVIC. Then the EMG data were statistically analyzed using paired t-tests. The EMG activities of all measured muscles were not significantly different between the right and left side in the symmetrical weight-bearing posture(p>0.05). However, the EMG of the supporting side internal oblique was significantly lower than the opposite side(p<0.05), and the EMG of the erector spinae, gluteus maximus, and gluteus medius were significantly greater on the supporting side(p<0.05). The results of this study support that unbalanced use of right and left muscle possibly causes the changes in muscle length which results in asymmetry of trunk and hip muscles. Furthermore, the uneven weight support onto right and left legs will cause a distortion of viscoelastic ligaments around hip and sacroiliac joints in the long run. Further studies to determine the effect of various manual tasks on the trunk and hip muscles as well as the effect of asymmetrical weight-bearing standing posture on hip and back muscle fatigue may be required.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제89권5호
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• pp.564-575
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• 2000

본 연구는 팔공산 산지소유역을 대상으로 기존의 물순환모델을 적용하여 산지 소유역에서의 장기유출특성을 구명하고자 설시하였다. 시험유역에서 1998년도와 1999년도의 5월에서 9월까지의 실측 강우량과 유출량의 수문자료를 이용하여 모델의 적합도 및 장기유출특성을 분석한 결과, 시험유역에서의 수위-유량 관계식 $Q=11.148H^{2.5867}$ ($R^2=0.9956$)를 산출하였고. 1998년 5월~9월의 유출율은 57.7%, 1999년 5월~9월의 유출율은 87.1%로 나타나 강우강도의 차이와 98년도 가을에 실시한 간벌의 영향으로 유출량이 증가한 것으로 판단하였다. 물순환모델을 적용하여 15개의 매개변수값을 결정하였으며, 이들 매개변수로 장기수문곡선을 재현한 결과, 모델의 적합도가 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 물순환모델로 계산한 간별 전후의 유출성분의 분석에 의하면 간벌 후에 직접유출 성분과 기저유출 성분이 각각 4%, 7% 정도 증가하고, 증발산량은 약 11% 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 물순환모델의 직접유출에 관계하는 매개변수인 $D_{50}$과 $K_h$, 기저유출에 관계하는 매개변수인 $K_u$를 이용하여 간벌의 영향과 모암의 풍화 정도 등 산림의 변화를 추정할 수 있었다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.1453-1463
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• 1994

항만의 단기 관측자료에 의한 해수의 수송은 조석잔차류와 바람응벽 등으로 해수의 평형상태를 유지하기 어렵다. 이로 인해 순 용적수송량이 만외로 유출되어야 함에도 불구하고 짧은 주기동안 만내로 유입됨으로써 담수 교체시간을 계산할 수 없었다. 본 연구는 1 조석 주기의 단기관측과 유역의 강우량 자료로부터 SCS의 유효강수량을 계산함으로써 담수 교체시간의 추정가능성을 검토하였다. 완전혼합을 가정하여, 여름철 마산만에 적용된 담수 교체시간은 외해수의 염분변화에 따라 10.9~15.3일로 분포하였다. 이는 여름철 마산만에서 순 용적 수송량(NVT)에 의한 평균 체류시간 13.9일에 상당히 근접된 값이다. 강한 성층을 이룬 홍수기의 경우 2층모델에 적용하면, 만구에서 교체시간은 1.2일로 추정되어 완전혼합모델에서 얻은 2.1일보다 작은 값이다. 이것은 홍수기에 유입된 담수가 대부분 상층을 통하여 만외로 유출되기 때문이다. 또 마산만에서 얻은 담수 유입량 $Q_r$과 교체시간 t와의 상관관계식을 완전혼합과 2층 모델의 2가지 조건으로 나타내었고, 이들이 비선형적 관계를 가지고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이런 관계는 보스톤 내만에서 직접 하천 유입량을 조사한 결과와 근접된 형태를 보였다. 따라서 이 식들은 만의 흐름구조와 농도의 성층정도에 따라 달리 적용할 수 있고, 담수유입량의 변동에 의한 담수 교체시간의 예측을 가능케 한다. 그러므로 순 용적 수송량의 계산으로 구할 수 없는 단기관측자료는 SCS 유출곡선지수법에 의해 담수 교체시간의 추정이 가능할 것이다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2008

본 연구는 공공부문의 효율적 투자를 위하여 장기비용함수에 의한 가축분뇨공공처리시설의 적정규모를 산출하고자 수행하였다. 분석에는 2007년도 환경부에서 수집된 52개소의 자료를 이용하였다. 현재의 주어진 여건하에서의 경제적 적정규모는 분석대상 시설평균 $146m^3$/일의 $1.5{\sim}1.6$배에 달하는 $180{\sim}200m^3$/일 인 것으로 산출되었다. 이는 향후 규모 확대의 가능성을 시사하고 있어 공공부문의 투자효율 극대화와 자연순환농업의 조기 달성을 위해서는 가축사육 과밀(양분초과)지역을 우선 대상으로 하되, 지역 내 자원화시설 등 관련 시설과의 연계성과 경제적 적정규모를 고려하여 시설투자 계획을 수립해야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.90-99
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• 1991

At the central level, civil servants concerned with school health were interviewed in order to research the national administrative system of school health. At the level of county, the ledgers concerned at the education office and the schools was reviewed, and the person concerned at them was interviewed, in order to research the present state of local school health management. The policy proposition to improve the administrative system of school health in Korea is as follows. 1) The formal school health activities in districts should be actualized with the funds and the manpower made through realizing local autonomy system. 2) The funds of health center should be able to be used for school health. 3) The important activities of school health that can be actualized without a lot of funds should be chosen and be actualized above all. 4) The formal or informal system among school, health center, and hospital should properly be made. 5) The health engineer of education office or the board of education should be related to health center at school health activities. 6) For the long run, the teacher of health education should teach the subject of health at school. The proposition to improve the management of school health at the level of education office or the board of education is as follows. 1) The formal and informal relation among health center, hospital, and the board of education should be strenthened at the technical and administrative sides. 2) Health center should train the nurse-teachers of school and the health engineers of education office or the board of education. 3) The autonomous health budget of each school should properly be made. 4) The compulsory health budget should properly be made in school education budget. 5) The formal or informal training Course for the nurse-teachers should be practical. The proposition to improve the management of school health at the level of school is as follows. 1) The equipment of nursing room should be used properly, so that the function of nursing room should be revitalized. 2) Nursing room should not be used with other function except nursing function. 3) Oral cavity should be tested when pupils and students undergo physical checkup. 4) The interval of physical checkup at each school should be more than 2 days. And then the pupils and students with abnormal health should be referred to hospital etc.. 5) The misappropriation of the allowance of school doctor should be protected.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제5권
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• pp.43-70
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• 2004

This research was conducted to provide basic document on efficient health promotion behavior program that elementary school students can use from elementary school course to enhance health promotion behavior for healthy life by checking out the degree of the most influential factor for health promotion behavior about elementary school students who establish lifelong health habit, and by checking out the relation between the degree of self-efficacy and health promotion behavior. The number of subjects of this research was 598. They were all elementary school students from the sixth grade students of the 5 cities of the Kyeong Nam province. We conducted questionnaires and did statistical analyses by using 592 papers which were suitable for date analyses with SPSS. The conclusions were as follows; A. The degree of self-efficacy The degree of self-efficacy of elementary school students was more than average. The degree of self-efficacy on physical activity was the highest and the degree of self-efficacy on self-fulfillment was the lowest. The degree of self-efficacy of girl students was comparatively higher than that of boy students. When their parents got higher education, made a lot of money and kept harmony with their children, the degree of self-efficacy became high. Furthermore, when their parents or themselves have a lot of interest in health, they feel that they are healthy, and they feel that they are satisfied with their bodies, the degree of self-efficacy was high too. B. The degree of health promotion behavior Although the degree of health promotion behavior of elementary school students was a bit lower than the degree of self-efficacy, it was higher than average. The degree of health promotion behavior on physical activity was the highest. But the degree of health promotion behavior on health of their own was the lowest. The degree of health promotion behavior between girl students and boy students was the same. When their parents got higher education, made a lot of money and kept harmony with their children, the degree of self-efficacy became high. Furthermore, when their parents or themselves have a lot of interest In health, they feel that they are healthy, and they feel that they are satisfied with their bodies, the degree of self-efficacy was high too. C. The relation between self-efficacy and health promotion behavior When the degree of self-efficacy was high, the degree of health promotion behavior was high too. So there was high positive relationship between self-efficacy and health promotion behavior. Physical activity showed the highest relationship. The order of strong relationship run as follows. Relationship with others, self-fulfillment, management of stress. The higher self-efficacy which was a recognizable factor on health behavior, the higher the degree of health promotion behavior. It is being revealed that many modem chronic diseases are cause by accumulated careless attitude on harmful health habit and lack of self-control. The behavior of keeping healthy and enhancing health is more firm when they have high self-efficacy which is believing their own conviction. So, When we teach elementary school students health promotion education at school, we should try to enhance their own self-efficacy rather than just instill simple information about health. By doing so, we can help them change their attitude on health. Then, they could enjoy life-long healthy life.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.953-956
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• 2012

Introduction: In order to control the tobacco scourge, an array of measures is required. Among them is focusing on adolescent relationships as it has been shown that being in a close relationship with a smoker or a non smoker will in the long run be a major factor in deciding whether the individual adopts smoking for initial non-smokers or ceases the habit for initial smokers. Objectives: To assess the attitude of youth towards other smokers and towards marrying a smoker. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 415 students from five universities in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Self-administered structured questionnaires were used for data collection. The Chi square test was used to detect significant differences between frequencies. Results: Of the 415 participants who provided their gender information, 99 (24%) were males and 314 (76%) were females. Of all the participants, 83.5% were not willing to marry smokers, while 16.5% were willing. Of those whose parents smoked (106) 68% did not like it when their parents smoked, 13.6% had no opinion, 17.5% did not mind, while the other 1% had other thoughts. Of those whose close friends smoked, 43.4% did not like it, 16.2% did not have any opinion, 36.9% did not mind while 3.5% had other thoughts. Conclusion: Most participants, both males and females are not willing to marry smokers and prefer to have non-smokers as spouses. Also, smokers are seen as less attractive by both genders in contrast to what appears as popular beliefs amongst youngsters and what is depicted in tobacco advertisements. Tobacco control activities can be undertaken in the community and colleges by incorporating students as facilitators.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제83권3호
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• pp.322-330
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• 1994

토양침식에 영향을 미치는 강우, 토양, 지형, 식생 등을 종합적으로 고려하여 단위면적당 토양유실량(土壤流失量)을 예측하는 범용토양유실식(汎用土壤流失式)(Universal Soil Loss Equation)을 지리정보(地理情報)시스템(GIS)에 접목시켰다. 경기도 광릉 임업연구원 시험림을 연구지역으로 선정하여 이곳에서 지난 12년 동안 측정된 시간별 강우자료를 이용하여 강우인자(强雨因子)(R) 값을 산출하였고, 토양도, 지형도, 위성자료 등을 이용하여 USLE 계산에 필요한 다른 인자들의 값을 $25{\times}25m^2$의 격자마다 입력하여 디지털공간정보 데이터베이스를 구축하였다. 각 격자단위로 USLE에 의하여 토양유실량이 계산된 후 그 결과를 종합하여 토양유실의 정도를 공간적으로 살펴볼 수 있는 디지털지도가 산출되었다. GIS에 의한 USLE의 적용은 일정한 테두리 안의 산림유역(山林流域)에서 발생되는 강우에 의한 토양유실량을 추정할 수 있을 뿐만아니라, 주변지역과 비교하여 토양유실의 위험이 높은 특정지점을 공간적으로 파악할 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 이러한 접근 방법은 임지전용(林地轉用), 임도(林道)개설, 벌채, 산불 및 병충해에 의한 임지의 변화가 토양침식에 미치는 영향을 효과적으로 분석할 수 있는 도구로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 복식
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• 제13권
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• pp.51-72
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• 1989

In this thesis, I examined the mental, philosophical aspects and the aesthetic sense of our ancestors through the study of the patterns pictured in the mural paintings of Koguryo dynasty's old tomb. To view the mode of construction in Koguryo dynasty from present angle, the detailed analysis of the patterns was done. As a result, I could fully understand the formative consciousness of our nation. 1. I defined the process of transition of the mural paintings by putting some 70 mural aintings into the form of a diagram. 2. The cultural aspects of the mural paintings in Koguryo dynasty were characterized by the fusion of our primitive religion and Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism which were introduced from China. From this fact, I could inferred that Koguryo people were giving off the strong desire for the faith by means of the mural paintings. Further more I found that configuration of the patterns such as religious elements. 3. The types of the patterns were classified into four types, this is, geometric type, natural type, cultural type and abstract type, Among these types, geometric type and natural type were nonsymbolic in nature but became cultured and abstracted in course of time. cultural pattern and abstract pattern got the symbolic meaning in the long run. Of all the constitution of the patterns represented in the mural paintings such as repeat constitution, left and right symmetric constitution, top and bottom symmetric constitution and rotary symmetric constitution, the left and right symmetric constitution was mainly used and some monotony of left and right symmetric constitution. The analysis of motif which was got from the mode of the patterns showed that the mixing of symbolic and nonsymbolic patterns made it possible to regard the separate symbol as compound in nonsymbolic patterns and the combination between nonsymbolic patterns ensured the understanding of other patterns in certain cases. Our ancestors made great efforts to transmit certain meaning symbolically. Also to heighten the symbolism, they drew the meangless patterns firstly and then appended meaning to those patterns secondly. Furthermore, they offered the background to the patterns comblined with symbolism, so that meaning transmission was clarified at last. As mentioned above, the patterns shown in the mural paintings of Koguryo dynasty's old tomb were characterized by natural beauty. And natural beauty was found out clearly in the form and constitution of the patterns. Therefore I concluded that our nation's religious, philosophical tradition was acted on the patterns strongly.