• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.5-14
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• 2015

Seabed may undergo large excess pore water pressure in the case of long duration of high wave loading. This excess pore water pressure may reduce effective stress and, consequently, the seabed may liquefy. Thus, it is necessary to develop a numerical technique which can precisely evaluate the dynamic response of seabed due to wave action. In this study, a new numerical technique named mixed model (2D NIT & FLIP models) was proposed. The dynamic wave pressure and water flow velocity acting on the boundary between seabed and the wave field was estimated using 2D-NIT model. This result was used as input data in FLIP program for investigation of dynamic response of seabed. To secure the reliability of the mixed model, the numerical analysis results of the mixed model were compared with Yamamoto's solution and Chang's experiment results. The comparison results indicated that there were some differences between them, but the general trend of the effective stress increment and the excess pore water pressure along the depth of seabed was similar to each other. Thus, this study clearly supports the plausibility of the numerical analysis of the mixed model.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.183-187
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• 2003

Purpose : Long-term stress to the fetus causes alterations in adrenal steroidogenesis. The purpose of this study was to analyze the association of cord blood cortisol with stress during delivery. Methods : Cord blood samples were collected from 58 neonates at once to labor. Cortisol was measured by RIA method(DPC, USA). Cortisol level according to gestational age(<34, 34-37, >38 wks) and method of delivery(Cesarean section vs. vaginal delivery), Apgar score and uterine contraction, were compared to know stress during labor. Results : Cortisol of cord blood had considerable differences between each group, according to gestational age(P<0.001). It was statistically higher in the cases of vaginal delivery than cessarian delivery(P<0.001). The concentration of cortisol was significantly higher according to duration of labor (P<0.05). There was a significant relationship between cortisol level and uterine contraction(P<0.05). The concentration of cortisol was significantly low when Apgar score at 1 min was low(P<0.05). Conclusion : Cord cortisol has close association with stress during labor. And so do with post birth prognosis of neonate.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.126-130
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• 1985

Photoinhibition studies were conducted with ginseng (Panax ginseng) grown under shade and tobacco (N. tobaccum cv. Bulgaria) grown under full sunlight. The plants were exposed to light intensity of 580, 1280, 1770, 2580 ${\mu}$E/㎡/sec in normal air for 3.6 9 hours. Light saturation of ginseng was observed at 550 ${\mu}$E/㎡/sec and that of tobacco was at 1600 ${\mu}$E/㎡/sec. Tobacco exposed to high light intensity and long duration of light irradiation didn't show entire reduction in photosynthetic capacity. But in ginseng, 20.3% of photosynthesis was reduced in light intensity of 2,580 ${\mu}$E/㎡/sec during 9 hours. Light response in photosynthesis differed considerably between tobacco and ginseng, and ginseng exposed to high light intensity showed remarkable reduction in photosynthesis. The extent of photoinhibition of ginseng was dependent on the length of exposure to the high light intensity. Stomatal resistance of ginseng seemed not to be changed by photoinhibition but mesophyll resistance was increased.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.540-545
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• 2005

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of high a)z pre-treatment (60, $100\%$ for 3, 6, 12 hr) on quality of 'Hikawa Hakuho' peach fruits. High a)z treatment inhibited the respiration and ethylene production, especially with long tenn treatment for more than 6 hr. Discoloration of peel, softening and decay were reduced by high $CO_2$ treatment $CO_2$ concentration of $60\~100\%$ did not affect soluble solids content and titratable acidity of fruits. $CO_2$ treated fruits, however, showed higher sweetness score compared with control. As the $CO_2$ concentration and treatment duration increased from 60 to $100\%$ and from 3 to 12 hr, respectively, the efficacy on quality increased. Fruits treated with $100\%\;CO_2$ for 3 hr and $60\%\;CO_2$ for 12 hr, however, showed very low flavor score due to the residual $CO_2$ in flesh. High $CO_2$ injury was not noted at any $CO_2$ levels tested in this study. Above results suggest that $60\%\;CO_2$ treatment for 6 hr resulted in as good control of respiration, ethylene production, decay, discoloration and softening without off-order.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.57-61
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• 2010

Objective: Second primary malignancy (SPM) that occur in various period and region are important factors that deteriorate long-term survival rate in patients who recovered from oral cancer. Researches such as chemoprevention are being tried to reduce occurrence of SPMs. Only if analysis of clinical features of patients who develop SPM such as period, region and factors precedes, adequate prevention and treatment of SPM is possible. But, there are few researches about clinical features of SPMs that have primary lesion in oral cavity. In this study, we analysis that occurrence rates, regions that happen, risk factors and effect to survival rates of 2nd primary malignancies in oral cancer patients. From this survey, we willing to collect basic data for prevention and early diagnosis of SPMs. Methods: The medical records of 139 patients of oral oncology clinic of National Cancer Center who had up to 2-years follow up records after surgical or radiological treatment due to squamus cell carcinoma of oral cavity were reviewed. In these patients, survey of occurrence rate of SPMs, duration, survival rate and risk factors about occurrence of SPMs such as history of smoking, body mass index, age, sex, stage of primary lesion and history of radiologic treatment were achieved. Results: There are 15 patients who developed SPM in 139 cases. The actual occurrence rate of SPM was 10.79% and SPM were more likely to occur in male patients with 11 male Vs 4 female patients. Median age of these patient is 61.47 within 32 to 74 range. The regions that develop SPM are oral cavities (2 cases), stomach (4 cases), esophagus (2 cases), lung (2 cases) and others (1 case each breast, larynx, cervix, liver and kidney). In addition, metachronous cancers were 11 cases which happened more common than 4cases of synchronous cancers. Surveys of risk factors that relate to development of SPMs, such as sex, age, history of radiologic treatment, body mass index, history of smoking and stage of primary disease were done. Among them, factor of sex is only appear statistically significant (P=0.001), but rest are not significant in statistically. Conclusion: Occurrence rates of SPMs were reported from 10% to 20% by precede study. In this study, occurrence rate of SPMs is 10.79% that is similar to results of precede research. In comparison of 5-yr survival rates of groups that develop SPMs or not, there is statistically significance between two groups. Present treatment modalities of SPMs are surgical operation, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and combination of these modalities. In choosing the treatment modality, we must consider the first treatment modality, region of primary disease, region of SPMs and general conditions of patient. Because development of SPMs have big effect on prognosis, prevention of SPMs must regard to important objective of treatments in patients of SCCa in oral cavity.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2020

Objectives: Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a methylxanthine derivative that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of peripheral vessel disease and intermittent lameness. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of PTX and tocopherol in patients diagnosed with osteoradionecrosis (ORN), bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ), and chronic osteomyelitis using digital panoramic radiographs. Materials and Methods: This study was performed in 25 patients who were prescribed PTX and tocopherol for treatment of ORN, BRONJ, and chronic osteomyelitis between January 2014 and May 2018 in Seoul National University Dental Hospital. Radiographic densities of the dental panorama were compared prior to starting PTX and tocopherol, at 3 months, and at 6 months after prescription. Radiographic densities were measured using Adobe Photoshop CS6 (Adobe System Inc., USA). Blood sample tests showing the degree of inflammation at the initial visit were considered the baseline and compared with results after 3 to 6 months. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test and repeated measurement ANOVA using IBM SPSS 23.0 (IBM Corp., USA). Results: Eight patients were diagnosed with ORN, nine patients with BRONJ, and the other 8 patients with chronic osteomyelitis. Ten of the 25 patients were men, average age was 66.32±14.39 years, and average duration of medication was 151.8±80.65 days (range, 56-315 days). Statistically significant increases were observed in the changes between 3 and 6 months after prescription (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between ORN, BRONJ, and chronic osteomyelitis. Only erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was statistically significantly lower than before treatment (P<0.05) among the white blood cell (WBC), ESR, and absolute neutrophil count (ANC). Conclusion: Long-term use of PTX and tocopherol can be an auxiliary method in the treatment of ORN, BRONJ, or chronic osteomyelitis in jaw.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.1D
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• pp.81-88
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• 2012

This present research was carried out by dividing two parts; field surveying and data processing, in order to analyze changed patterns of a shoreline. Firstly, the shoreline information measured by the precise GPS positioning during long duration was collected. Secondly, the algorithm for detecting an auto boundary with regards to the changed shoreline with multi-image data was developed. Then, a comparative research was conducted. Haeundae beach which is one of the most famous ones in Korea was selected as a test site. RTK-GPS surveying had been performed overall eight times from September 2005 to September 2009. The filed test by aerial Lidar was conducted twice on December 2006 and March 2009 respectively. As a result estimated from both sensors, there is a slight difference. The average length of shoreline analyzed by RTK-GPS is approximately 1,364.6 m, while one from aerial Lidar is about 1,402.5 m. In this investigation, the specific algorithm for detecting the shoreline detection was developed by Visual C++ MFC (Microsoft Foundation Class). The analysis result estimated by aerial photo and satellite image was 1,391.0 m. The level of reliability was 98.1% for auto boundary detection when it compared with real surveying data.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.207-213
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• 2013

This study was performed to investigate the effect of peroxisome proliferators activated receptor-${\gamma}$ (PPAR-${\gamma}$) ligand, pioglitazone, on production of regulated upon activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome in infertile patients with endometriosis. Sixty-four infertile patients with stage III or IV endometriosis undergoing IVF were randomly allocated to the study or the control group. The long protocol of GnRH agonist (GnRH-a) was used for controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) in all patients. Patients in the study group were treated with pioglitazone at a dose of 15 mg/day orally from the starting day of GnRH-a treatment to the day of hCG injection. Blood samples were drawn for serologic assay of RANTES on the first day of GnRH-a treatment and the day of hCG injection. There were no differences between the study and control groups in patient characteristics. There were also no differences between the two groups in COS duration, and the numbers of retrieved oocytes, fertilized oocytes and embryos transferred. The clinical pregnancy rate per cycle was higher in the study group, but this difference was not statistically significant. However, embryo implantation rate was significantly higher in the study group of 12.5% compared with 8.6% in the control group (P<0.05). The serum RANTES levels after pioglitazone treatment were significantly lower than those before pioglitazone treatmen in the study group (P<0.05). Our data suggest that pioglitazone treatment can suppress RANTES production and improve the embryo implantation rate in patients with endometriosis undergoing IVF.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.631-636
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• 2018

The problem that the existing the magnetic resonance image (MRI) was prone to have not only long readout duration and low bandwidth in the phase-encode direction, but also geometric distortion was pointed out. The purpose of this study is to identify the usefulness of FOCUS-DWI through comparing FOCUS-DWI with the Conventional-DWI on a degree of uniformity and artifacts caused by the distance change in the central axis within the magnetic field. In terms of artifacts, there happened irregular striped artifacts in the Conventional-DWI technique, which in particular, more often arose in the central axis. Also, the overlap of imaging drastically increased. By contrast, there were no irregular striped artifacts in the FOCUS-DWI technique. In conclusion, it was found that the FOCUS-DWI technique was superior to the Conventional-DWI technique in terms of artifacts, the overlap of imaging, and a degree of uniformity. In addition, there was no difference of the change in distance from the central axis between the FOCUS-DWI technique and the Conventional-DWI technique. Thus, it is considered the FOCUS-DWI technique having less imaging distortion and high image quality will be highly clinically used.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.93-98
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different stockpiled periods on the nutritive value and productivity of mixed orchardgrass tall-fescue pasture (MOTP). This experiment was conducted at Jeju (island), South Korea, from Sep. 2012 to Nov. 2012. The DM yield of the MOTP had the highest in treatment in late August (2,983 kg/ha). The DM yields of swards were increased significantly by shortening the stockpiled period. The CP of the MOTP was 16.5% to 18.16%, and there did not appear to be a consistent trend in accordance with the duration of the stockpiled periods. The NDF and TDN content of the MOTP increased with the delay of the stockpiled periods, but there is a significant difference between the short- and long-stockpile periods; however, the ADF content of the MOTP decreased with shortened stockpile periods, but again, there is a significant difference between the two periods. In addition, P, Ca, Mg, Na, and Zn of MOTP increased by delaying the stockpile period, but Mn and Cu of MOTP decreased. As shown in the results of this research, the yield of MOTP was not increased by the atrophy of the growth of MOTP due to high temperatures in case where the MOTP was stockpiled from the beginning of August. The stockpile period of MOTP should therefore be started at the end of August to yield a stockpile of MOTP in the autumn.