• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.51-57
• /
• 2006

With people's awareness of environment-friendly buildings recently increasing, there is a need to develop environment-friendly construction materials to reduce indoorair pollution levels. Thus, efforts to develop loess finishing materials that can replace the finishing materials currently being used (e.g., gypsum boards and chemical products) are underway. An analysis of the characteristics of domestic loess products,however, revealed that the cracks on loess products can be lessened and their strength can be improved by adding chemical ingredients to them. Thus, this research sought to use 100% natural materials and to develop loess finishing materials. In the experiments that were conducted in this study, appropriate mixture ratios of loess and sand/silica sand were found, and cracks and contraction ratio changes in samples were analyzed by differentiating the ratios of natural ingredients, such as lime, fine jute threads, gypsum, and jute cuttings. Loess'particle size distribution was found to have a high correlation with loess decoration, and it was discovered that the mixture of lime and fine chute threads could improve the contraction ratio. Through this study, which made use of natural ingredients, environment-friendly construction materials that can exercise the original function of loess were developed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.26 no.10
• /
• pp.1436-1442
• /
• 2002

In this paper, the effect of the loess and mud of an inorganic substance dyed on cotton knitting fabrics have been studied The structure and chemical composition of loess and mud was analyzed. And the Far-Infrared emissivity and emission power, colorfastness, anti-bacterial properties cotton knitting fabrics dyed with loess and mud were also evaluated. The structure and chemical composion of loess and mud was almost identical structure and to be alike main components were SiO$_2$, Al$_2$0$_3$ and Fe$_2$O$_3$. The cotton hitting fabrics dyed with loess and mud have good colorfastness and anti-bacterial properties. when the dyed fabrics was after-treated with diphenyl ether, the anti-bacterial property were improved. Far-Infrared emissivity and emission power cotton knitting fabrics dyed with loess and mud have very good.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.87-94
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships between the mixing ratio and water vapor sorption property of charcoal-based loess composites for furniture & building materials with environmental friendly. Charcoal-based loess composite can be easily made by blending method with water. But the composites had much brittle fracture pattern with the increase of charcoal content. That is due to the lack of loess that takes linkage role of composites. In water vapor sorption properties, adsorption ability of charcoal was about six times higher than that of loess. Therefore, vapor sorption ability was maximum at the mixture ratio of charcoal 80% and loess 20%. It is considered that wood charcoal based inorganic composite materials can be used for various purposes as a building interior & exterior and furniture members.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.33 no.7
• /
• pp.530-535
• /
• 2011

In this work, the adsorption characteristic of the composites by adding loess with aluminum ("Al-loess") and Loess with lanthanum ("La-loess") which have been developed to effectively remove phosphorus, the substance which causes the eutrophic lake has been evaluated. According to the result of the work, as the amount of aluminum or lanthanum put in 1g of loess increases, the combined amount also increases accordingly. When the loess with no aluminum or lanthanum attached was used, the rate of removing phosphorus was different in comparison with the case of using the composites of 0.5, 1 and 2 mg of aluminum and 0.5, 1 and 3 mg of lanthanum in each gram of loess. It was observed the amount required to remove 1 mg $PO_4^{3-}$-P/L of phosphorus completely is approximately 2 to 10 times less for the composite of Al-loess than loess alone. Also, in case of the composite of La-loess, the amount was decreased by about 1.5 to 10 times. In order to observe the rate of adsorption phosphorus with Al-loess and La-loess, the composites were used for the observation up to three times by water washing. As a result, the water washing of the composite did not affect phosphorus removal. According to the effect of pH, there is a high rate of removing phosphorus in the pH range of 5~8. It seems that the developed composite will effectively remove phosphorus when it is spread in the natural water system. Also, since Al-loess and La-loess composites are rapidly precipitated within 30 minutes, it is stabilized quickly at the bottom of the eutrophic lake and becomes responsible for the removal of phosphorus in water and eluted from the water and the sedimentary layer.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.552-559
• /
• 2008

Recent days, various inner wears, sheets and interior goods are manufactured using materials dyed with loess emphasizing its improved blood circulation, metabolism, anti-bacterial, deodorizing properties, and far-infrared ray emissions. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of chitosan treatment on the dyeing of cotton fabric using loess as colorants. Particle size of loess, the morphology and dyeability(K/S) of chitosan crosslinked cotton fabrics, and washing durability of loess dyed cotton fabric were investigated. In this study, cotton fabrics were treated with a crosslinking agent, epichlorohydrin, in the presence of chitosan to improve the dyeing properties of cotton fabrics with natural dye by the chemical linking of chitosan to the cellulose structure. This process was applied by means of the conventional mercerizing process. The results obtained were as follows; Mean average diameter of loess was $1.13{\mu}m$. According to various conditions, the optimum dyeing conditions for cotton fabrics pretreated by 1% chitosan treatment was where 10%(owb) of loess was applied at $90^{\circ}C$ for 120minutes, while for cotton fabrics without chitosan treatment was where 15%(owb) of loess was applied at $90^{\circ}C$ for 150minutes. Overall, K/S value of loess dyed cotton fabric pretreated with 1% chitosan was higher than that of cotton fabrics without chitosan treatment. The Color fastness, washing fastness and light fastness of loess were excellent as 4-5grade.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.36 no.6
• /
• pp.716-722
• /
• 2003

This study determined the optimum dosage for coagulation reactions of red tide organisms (RTO) using a combination of ignited oyster shell powder (10sp) and loess and examined the electrokinetic and rheological characteristics of their flocs. Two kinds of RTO, Cylindrotheca closterium and Skeletonema costatum, were sampled in Masan Bay and cultured in the laboratory. Coagulation experiments were conducted using various concentrations of IOSP, loess, IOSP+1oess, RTO, and a jar tester RTO cell numbers were counted for both the supernatant and RTO culture solution. The removal rates increased rapidly with increasing IOSP concentrations up to 50 mg/L and loess concentrations up to 800 mg/L. A removal rate of $100\%$ was reached at 400 mg/L of IOSP and 6,400 mg/L of loess. The highest increment $(16.7\%)$ of the rates of coagulation reaction occurred using both IOSP and loess (50+200 mg/L) in comparison with IOSP alone. The rate of coagulation reaction using both IOSP and loess (50+200 mg/L), $90.6\%,$ was similar to employing either IOSP of 150 mg/L or loess of 3,200 mg/L. All of the coagulation liquids for RTO, IOSP (200 mg/L), loess (200 ma/L), and IOSP+1oess (200+200 mg/L) revealed non-Newtonian fluid properties and therefore their shear rate vs. shear stress curves were non-linear. The coagulation liquids revealed elastic body properties at a lower shear rate increasing in the following order: RTO, IOSP (200 mg/L), loess (200 mg/L), and IOSP+1oess (200+200 mg/L. IOSP+1oess (200+200 mg/L) especially demonstrated plastic flow properties at a lower shear rate.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
• /
• 2008.11a
• /
• pp.282-285
• /
• 2008

At least 15% of the C polykrikoides cells that precipitated to the bottom layer either by the addition of loess or no addition survived for 1 week at all growth phases, rather than disappearing immediately after precipitating. However, no live cells were observed after 20 days, regardless of phase or loess addition. In the exponential phase, the number of C polykrikoides cells increased to >2886 cells/ml after loess was added. However, in the stationary phase, the number of cells did not increase until 18 days. In the exponential phase, those C polykrikoides that survived precipitation caused by scattering loess on cultures did not appear to have the ability to cause red tides again because of the short red tide periods in the field, long lag time after loess addition, and low survival rate after loess addition.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.23 no.7
• /
• pp.971-979
• /
• 1999

The experiment was conducted on five different kinds of fabrics dyed with loess. The sewability of fabrics dyed with loess by measuring the maximum needle piercing forces(MPF) through fabrics has been studied, MPF measurement using tensile tester was done 60 times for each fabrics at fixed low speed of 300mm/min. The nature of the loess on the dyed fabrics was physically jammed betweenthe fibers or adhered to the surface of fibers in the form of the fine particles so that the MPF through fabrics increases extremely in proportion to the increase of loess uptake and the plying number of fabrics dyed with loess. This results indicate that the MPF through fabrics is affected by mean value of the coefficient of friction on the surface of fabric(MIU) and cloth cover factor(Kc) in this experiment. Fabric was finished with softner to decrease the MPF during sewing operation, The MPF through softner finished fabric was decreased remarkably.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.15-22
• /
• 2008

Recently loess are used as design and construction materials in some construction sites. However, many problems have come to the fore because the loess was considered merely as ordinary soil, not taking the engineering characteristics of loess into account at all. The purpose of this study is to effectively mix and use the oyster shell-which is the byproduct of oyster farming in the clean and pure water zone of Southwestern region-with loess in a bid to increase the utility, considering that loess itself has the limit for civil engineering purpose, and research the usability of oyster shell as an alternative material for construction.

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.129-135
• /
• 2004

The study was carried out through measuring the temperature and humidity of the indoor/outdoor space and the distribution of interior thermal condition, and investigating the effect of loess materials on human body. The purpose of this study is to analyze the change of dry bulb temperature and relative humidity and correlation of thermal reaction of human body with ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning) comfort chart in the loess interior space. In the view point of biomedical sciences, loess interior space provides optimum thermal conditions for human thermal sensation.