• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.540-551
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the quality characteristics of mungbean starch gels containing various hydrocolloids (carrageenan, locust bean gum and xanthan gum) during room temperature storage ($25^{\circ}C$ for 24, 48 and 72 hours). Carrageenan and xanthan gum reduced the pasting viscosity of mungbean starch, whereas the locust bean gum increased the viscosity. The melting characteristics, as assessed by DSC, showed that carrageenan and xanthan gum delayed gelatinization of mungbean starch and the locust bean gum had no effect on this property. The lightness (L) of the gels with the locust bean gum was similar to that without the additive during storage, whereas that with carrageenan and xanthan gum was higher than that without the additive. Hardness, chewiness and gumminess of the gels with the locust bean gum was higher than that without the additive during storage, whereas that with carrageenan and xanthan gum was lower than that without the additive. The rupture stress, rupture strain and rupture energy of the gels with carrageenan and xanthan gum was lower than that without the additive during storage, whereas that with the locust bean gum was similar to that without the additive. In the sensory evaluation, springiness and cohesiveness of the gels with carrageenan and xanthan gum were lower than those without the additive, whereas springiness, brittleness and hardness of the gels with the locust bean gum were higher than those without the additive. In addition, the overall acceptability of the gels with the locust bean gum improved. The above results showed that carrageenan and xanthan gum lowered the quality characteristics of the mungbean starch gel and the locust bean gum improved them. Thus, the addition of 0.5% locust bean gum is an appropriate method for improving the quality characteristics of mungbean starch gel.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.465-468
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• 2002

The galactose/mannose ratio of guar gum, guar gum treated with purified ${\alpha}$-galactosidase and locust bean gum were investigated. Gel-promoting property of enzyme-treated guar gum increased when the galactose/mannose ratio was about 1 : 3.2, which was close to the ratio of 1 : 3.3 for locust bean gum. And the ratio was obtained when the guar gum was hydrolyzed by the enzyme for 24 hr. It is clear that enzymatic depletion of galactose from guar gum by sunflower seed ${\alpha}$-galactosidase would lead to a significant increase in gelation ability. The mixture of xanthan gum and guar gum, and xanthan gum, guar gum and enzyme-treated copra meal were also investigated in viscosity behavior.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.348-351
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• 2009

In this study, the effects of gums (guar gum, xanthan gum, locust beam gum) on the activity of polygalacturonase(PGase) were examined. PGase activity was assayed by measuring the release of reducing groups from polygalacturonic acid. Guar gum, xanthan gum and locust bean gum were capable of increasing the catalytic activity of the PGase by 105%, 87% and 90%, respectively. Carrot was macerated by Macerozyme R-200 with gums and the yield of the maceration reaction for the production of carrot single cells was increased up to 13% in the presence of guar gum. This suggested that gums stated above can be used as good enhancers not only for the catalytic activity of the PGase but also for the production of carrot single cell.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.565-571
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• 1996

Medium optimization for ${\beta}$-mannanase production by Aspergillus oryzae ATCC 2114 was performed. Effect of carbon source (locust bean gum) concentration on ${\beta}$-mannanase production was investigated. Above 20 g/L locust bean gum, a lag time for ${\beta}$-mannanase production was appeared because high concentration of locust bean gum caused high viscosity which made the mixing of medium poor. As the locust bean gum concentration in the medium increased, ${\beta}$-mannanase activity and cell growth increased proportionally. Effect of various nitrogen sources on ${\beta}$-mannanase production was also studied. (NH4)2SO4 and malt extract were the most effective for ${\beta}$-mannanase production among the inorganic nitrogenous compounds and organic nitrogen nutrients. Inorganic compounds such as KH2SO4, NaCl, Na2CO3, and MgSO4, on ${\beta}$-mannanase production were optimized for ${\beta}$-mannanase production. Locust bean gum of 10 g/L, malt extract of 3 g/L, (NH4)2SO4 of 2 g/L, KH2SO4, of 10 g/L were selected as the optimal medium. Culture in a fermentor by using the optimal medium was carried out. Lag time of ${\beta}$-mannanase production was shorter due to the better mixing of the fermentor. The maximum ${\beta}$- mannanase activity of 9.7 unit/mL and specific ${\beta}$-mannanase activity of 1.9 unit/mg-cell could be obtained at 27 hours and the productivity of ${\beta}$-mannanase was 0.36 unit/mL$.$h.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.511-520
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• 2020

Purpose: Thickened infant formulas reduce regurgitation frequency and volume. Because the digestive tolerance of locust bean gum-containing formulas is controversial, the effectiveness and tolerance of a locust bean gum-thickened formula in infants presenting with regurgitation was evaluated. No other interventions were allowed during the 1 month follow-up period. Methods: We conducted an open, prospective, observational study of a locust bean gum-thickened formula administered to infants presenting with moderate to severe regurgitation according to parents during 1 month. Effectiveness and tolerance were assessed by evaluating gastrointestinal symptoms and quality of life indicators. Results: A total of 2,604 infants with an average age of 9.3±4.3 weeks were included in this 1 month trial. Regurgitation frequency and estimated volume decreased significantly (p<0.001) and the episodes were resolved completely in 48% of the infants. A significant decrease in duration of crying and episodes of gas (p<0.001), with improvement in quality of life parameters, was observed. Stool frequency increased and stool consistency softened (p<0.001) to levels within the physiologic range, consistent with the increased fiber load (0.42 g/100 mL). Conclusion: Locust bean gum-thickened formula decreased infant regurgitation, was well tolerated, and improved parental quality of life. Stool composition and frequency of the infants remained within the physiologic range.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2003

A bacteria strain producing extracellular $\beta$-mannanase was isolated from soil and was identified as Bacillus subtilis by 16S rRNA sequence comparison and biochemical determinations. The optimum pH and temperature for the $\beta$-mannanase activity were 5.0 and 5.5$^{\circ}C$, respectively. The zymogram technique revealed a single protein band exhibiting $\beta$-mannanase activity from the culture supernatant. The molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated at approximately 130 kDa. The addition of 0.5% lactose or 0.5% locust bean gum to the LB medium caused to Increase significantly the $\beta$-mannanase productivity from Bacillus subtilis JS-1. The cells grown on LB medium supplemented with lactose produced maximal enzyme activity at the stationary phase. In contrast to this, the $\beta$-mannanase was induced at the logarithmic phase from the cells grown on LB medium supplemented with locust bean gum. The discrepancy in induction times suggests that $\beta$-mannanase was induced by different induction mechanisms depending on the carbon sources in Bacillus subtilis JS-1 .

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.1633-1636
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• 2007

This study was carried out to enhance the stability and activity of polygalacturonase (PGase) purified from Kluyveromyces marxianus IFO 0288. Gums such as xanthan gum, guar gum, and locust bean gum were capable of increasing the catalytic stability and activity of the PGase. At $30^{\circ}C$, the rate constants for the inactivation of the PGase with xanthan gum, guar gum, and locust bean gum were estimated to be $0.0003min^{-1}$, below $0.0001min^{-1},\;and\;0.0001min^{-1}$ respectively, whereas control was estimated to be $0.0082min^{-1}$. The yield of the maceration reaction catalyzed by the PGase for the production of carrot single cells increased by 13% in the presence of guar gum, where the relative enzyme activity supplemented with guar gum was two-fold greater than that of the PGase alone.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.364-369
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• 2005

This study was performed to elucidate substrate specificity to the locust bean gum galactomannan by Trichoderma harzianum ${\beta}-mannanase$. The medium composition for enzyme production were determined 3% cellulose, 3% corn steep liquor, 1% $KH_2PO_4$, 0.2% $(NH_4){_2}SO_4$, and incubated for 115 hr at $28^{\circ}C$. The ${\beta}-mannanase$ exhibited maximum activity at pH 4.5 and $60^{\circ}C$. Locust bean gum galactomannan was hydrolyzed by the ${\beta}-mannanase$, and then hydrolysates separated by activated carbon column chromatography. The main hydrolysates were composed of D.P 4 and 7 galactosyl mannooligosaccharides by TLC. For the elucidate the structure of D.P 4 and 7 oligosaccharides, methylation analysis was performed. D.P 4 and 7 were identified as M-M-M-M and M-M-M-M-M (G- and M-represent ${\alpha-1,6-D-galactosidic\;and\;{\beta}-1,4-mannosidic$ linkages, respectively). //G-G To investigate the effects of locust bean gum galactosyl mannooligosaccharides on the in vitro growth of B. longum, B. bifidum, B. infantis, and B. breve, Bifidobacterium spp. were cultivated individually on the modified-MRS medium containing carbon source such as D.P 4 and 7 galactosyl mannooligosaccharides, respectively. B. longum grew up 3.4-fold and 4.3-fold more effectively by the replacement of D.P 4 and 7 galactosyl mannooligosaccharides as the carbon source in a comparasion of standard MRS.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.232-237
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• 1998

A bacterial strain producing high levels of an extracellular ${eta}$-mannanase and intracellular ${eta}$-mannosidase and ${alpha}$-galactosidase was isolated from soil. The strain isolated was identified as a strain of Sporolactobacillus sp. and designated as Sporolactobacillus sp. M20l. Synthesis of ${eta}$-mannanase by Sporolactobacillus sp. M20l was induced by sucrose, maltose, or locust bean gum. The highest induction rate was obtained with 2% locust bean gum added to the culture medium as a sole carbon source. On the other hand, induction of ${eta}$-mannosidase was observed only with locust bean gum. The optimal media for the enzyme production were established as follows: for ${eta}$-mannanase; 2% locust bean gum, 0.5% peptone, 0.2% KH$_2$PO$_4$, 80 mg/l MgSO$_4$, and 8 mg/l ZnSO$_4$ (pH 6.0), and for ${eta}$-mannosidase; 2% locust bean gum, 0.5% yeast extract, 0.2% KH$_2$PO$_4$, 80 mg/l MgSO$_4$, and 8 mg/l ZnSO$_4$ (pH 5.0). The optimal culture temperatures for production of ${eta}$-mannanase and ${eta}$-mannosidase were found to be 37$^{\circ}C$ and 3$0^{\circ}C$, respectively. Under the optimal culture conditions, the production of ${eta}$-mannanase and ${eta}$-mannosidase reached the highest levels of 10.6 units/ml and 1.35 units/ml after 30 h and 24 h cultivation, respectively.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.939-943
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• 1999

Recently there has been an explosion of interest in the topic of biodegradable polymers for medical applications. In this study, films were prepared by solution casting method using natural polymers (xanthan, locust bean, guar gum, chitosan and algin) as biomaterials. Biocompatibility of films prepared from natural polymer as a skin implant was evaluated. These biodegradable films were subcutaneously implanted in the back of rats and their biodegradability was investigated by the evaluation of changes in structure, film weight and hematology as a function of time for the biotransformation. The result of rats test showed that locust bean and guar gum induced some suspects of non-biocompatibility in the tissue by foreign body reaction 24 and 48 hrs after implantation. These results showed the potential of partial biodegradable films prepared from natural polymer for ideal skin biomaterials at short period.