• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.22
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• pp.9773-9779
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• 2014

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the prime causes of mortality around the globe, with a significantly rising incidence in the Middle East region in recent decades. Since detection of CRC in the early stages is an important issue, and also since to date there are no comprehensive epidemiologic studies depicting the Middle East region with special attention to the average risk group, further investigation is of significant necessity in this regard. Aim: Our aim was to investigate the prevalence of preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the colon in an average risk population. Materials and Methods: A total of 1,208 eligible asymptomatic, average- risk adults older than 40 years of age, referred to Firuzgar Hospotal in the years 2008-2012, were enrolled. They underwent colonoscopy screening and all polypoid lesions were removed and examined by an expert gastrointestinal pathologist. The lesions were classified by size, location, numbers and pathologic findings. Size of lesions was measured objectively by endoscopists. Results: The mean age of participants was $56.5{\pm}9.59$ and 51.6% were male. The overall polyp detection rate was 199/1208 (16.5 %), 26 subjects having non-neoplastic polyps, including hyperplastic lesions, and 173/1208 (14.3%) having neoplastic polyps, of which 26 (2.15%) were advanced neoplasms. The prevalence of colorectal neoplasia was more common among the 50-59 age group. Advanced adenoma was more frequent among the 60-69 age group. The majority of adenomas were detected in the distal colon, but a quarter of advanced adenomas were found in the proximal colon; advance age and male gender was associated with the presence of adenoma. Conclusions: It seems that CRC screening among average-risk population might be recommended in countries such as Iran. However, sigmioidoscopy alone would miss many colorectal adenomas. Furthermore, the 50-59 age group could be considered as an appropriate target population for this purpose in Iran.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.507-516
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• 2019

Costs invested in road maintenance and road development are on the rise. However, due to accidents such as portholes and ground subsidence, the risks to the drivers' safety and the material damage caused by accidents are also increasing. Following this trend, we have developed a system that determines road damage, according to the magnitude of vibration generated without directly intervening the driver when driving. In this paper, we implemented the system using a remote control car (RC car) simulator due to the limitation of the environment in which the actual vehicle is not available in the process of developing the system. In addition, we attached a vibration sensor and GPS sensor to the body of the RC car simulator to measure the vibration value and location information generated by the movement of the vehicle in real-time while driving, and transmitting the corresponding data to the server. In this way, we implemented a system that allows external users to check the damage of roads and the maintenance of the repaired roads based on data more easily than the existing systems. By using this system, we can perform early prediction of road breakage and pattern prediction based on the data. Further, for the RC car simulator, commercialization will be possible by combining it with business in other fields that require flatness.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.55-68
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• 2014

Some infrastructure these days is usually constructed under the ground for it to not interfere the foot-traffic of pedestrians, and thus, it is difficult to visually confirm the accurate location of the site where the establishments must be buried. These technical difficulties increase the magnitude of the problems that could arise from over-reliance on the experience of the worker or a mere blueprint. Such problems include exposure to flood and collapse. This paper proposes a constructor-oriented visualization system via mobile gadgets in general construction sites with occluded structures. This proposal is consisted with three stages. First, "Stage of detecting manhole and extracting features" detects and extracts the basis point of occluded structures which is unoccluded manhole. Next, "Stage of tracking features" tracks down the extracted features in the previous stage. Lastly, "Stage of visualizing occluded constructions" analyzes and synthesizes the GPS data and 3D objects obtained from mobile gadgets in the previous stages. This proposal implemented ideal method through parallel analysis of manhole detection, feature extraction, and tracking techniques in indoor environment, and confirmed the possibility through occluded water-pipe augmentation in real environment. Also, it offers a practical constructor-oriented environment derived from the augmented 3D results of occluded water-pipings.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.18
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• pp.7719-7724
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• 2014

Background: Lymph node metastasis is believed to be a dependent negative prognostic factor of esophageal cancer. To explore detection methods with high sensitivity and accuracy for metastases to regional and distant lymph nodes in the clinic is of great significance. This study focused on clinical application of FDG PET/CT and contrast-enhanced multiple-slice helical computed tomography (MSCT) in lymph node staging of esophageal cancer. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifteen cases were examined with enhanced 64-slice-MSCT scan, and FDG PET/CT imaging was conducted for neck, chest and upper abdomen within one week. The primary lesion, location and numbers of metastatic lymph nodes were observed. Surgery was performed within one week after FDG PET/CT detection. All resected lesions were confirmed histopathologically as the gold standard. Comparative analysis of the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy based on FDG PET/CT and MSCT was conducted. Results: There were 946 lymph node groups resected during surgery from 115 patients, and 221 were confirmed to have metastasis pathologically. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy of FDG PET/CT in detecting lymph node metastasis were 74.7%, 97.2% and 92.0%, while with MSCT they were 64.7%, 96.4%, and 89.0%, respectively. A significance difference was observed in sensitivity (p=0.030), but not the others (p>0.05). The accuracy of FDG PET/CT in detecting regional lymph node with or without metastasis were 91.9%, as compared to 89.4% for MSCT, while FDG PET/CT and MSCT values for detecting distant lymph node with or without metastasis were 94.4% and 94.7%. No significant difference was observed for either regional or distant lymph node metastasis. Additionally, for detecting para-esophageal lymph nodes metastasis, the sensitivity of FDG PET/CT was 72%, compared with 54.7% for MSCT (p=0.029). Conclusions: FDG PET/CT is more sensitive than MSCT in detecting lymph node metastasis, especially for para-esophageal lymph nodes in esophageal cancer cases, although no significant difference was observed between FDG PET/CT and MSCT in detecting both regional and distant lymph node metastasis. However, enhanced MSCT was found to be of great value in distinguishing false negative metastatic lymph nodes from FDG PET/CT. The combination of FDG PET/CT with MSCT should improve the accuracy in lymph node metastasis staging of esophageal cancer.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.2491-2499
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• 2015

Recently, the most popular technique to determine the Genotype, genetic features of individual organisms, is the GBS based on SNP from sequences determined by NGS. As analyzing the sequences by the GBS, TASSEL is the most used program to identify the genotypes. But, TASSEL has limitation that it uses only the partial sequences that is obtained by NGS. We tried to improve the efficiency in use of the sequences in order to solve the limitation. So, we constructed new data sets by quality checking, filtering the unused sequences with error rate below 0.1% and clipping the sequences considering the location of barcode and enzyme. As a result, approximately over 17% of the SNP detection efficiency was increased. In this paper, we suggest the method and the applied programs in order to detect more SNPs by using the disused sequences.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2012

This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of breast cancer diagnosis of digital mammography which is in the highest interest of breast imaging test, and to investigate the characteristics of breast cancer patients. For this purpose, 57 breast cancer patients who underwent breast imaging test were examined between May 2010 and June 2011. The average age of the breast cancer patients was 50.8 years old, and the most frequently occurring location was the upper outer quadrant (UOQ), accounting for 33.3%. By age, the highest occurrence rate of breast cancer was the age group of 40~49, accounting for 42.1%. As for the breast composition of the breast cancer patients, fatty breast accounted for 31.6% (18/57) and dense breast for 68.4% (39/57), indicating that nearly 70% of the breast cancer patients have dense breast. It was found that the detection rate of breast cancer was the highest (45.3%) when both microcalcification and mass are simultaneously present in the radiographic lesion of the breast imaging. In dense breast, the mass without microcalcification was lower in detection rate than fatty breast. Accordingly, the mass is the cause of raising the false negative rate in dense breast. The findings show that the false negative rate of digital mammography was 7.0% and the sensitivity 93.0%. Also, the false negative rate of dense breast was 12.8%, and the sensitivity 87.2%, indicating that the sensitivity to breast cancer in this study was higher than the dense breast of previously reported screen film mammography.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.291-298
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• 2006

Resistivity method is a practical and effective geophysical technique to detect leakage zones in embankment dams. Generally, resistivity survey conducted along the crest assumes that the embankment dam has a 2D structure. However, the 3D topography of embankments distorts significantly resistivity data measured on anywhere of the dam. In this study, we analyse the influence from 3D effects created by specific dam geometry through the 3D finite element modeling technique. We compared 3D effects when resistivity surveys are carried out on the upstream slope, left edge of the crest, center of the crest, right edge of the crest and downstream slope. We ensure that 3D effect is greatly different according to the location of the survey line and data obtained on the downstream slope are most greatly influenced by 3D dam geometry. Also, resistivity data are more influenced by the electrical resistivity of materials constituting reservoir than 3D effects due to specific dam geometry. Furthermore, using resistivity data synthesized with 3D modeling program for an embankment dam model with leakage zone, we analyse the possibility of leakages detection from 2D resistivity surveys performed along the embankment dam.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.94 no.6
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• pp.431-440
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• 2005

Location, height and clear-length of individual tree can be measured directly by LiDAR Remote Sensing, and dbh(diameter at breast height) can be estimated indirectly by tree height measured by LiDAR. In addition, stand volume and stand biomass are computed from estimated growth factors. In this study, each estimated growth factor was compared to the field measurements to validate accuracy. The coefficient of determination of total tree heights was 0.66 for total trees, 0.68 for Pinus koraiensis, 0.66 for Larix leptolepis and 0.60 for Quercus spp. The coefficient of determination of clear-length was 0.79 for total trees, 0.73 for Pinus koraiensis, 0.79 for Larix leptolepis, 0.68 for Quercus spp. The coefficient of determination of dbh predicted was 0.73 for Pinus koraiensis, 0.73 for Larix leptolepis and 0.85 for Quercus spp. Moreover The coefficient of determination of basal area was 0.82 for Pinus koraiensis, 0.92 for Larix leptolepis and 0.95 for Quercus spp. Biomass per ha computed by growth factor using LiDAR was 40,306 dm/ha for Pinus koraiensis, 94,150 tdm/ha for Larix leptolepis and 94,481 tdm/ha for Quercus spp. by species.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39C no.3
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• pp.255-263
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• 2014

Today, a number of CCTV on the highway is to observe the flow of traffics. There have been a number of studies where traffic data (e.g., the speed of vehicles and the amount of traffic on the road) are transferred back to the centralized server so that an appropriate action can be taken. This paper introduces a system that detects the changes of traffic flows caused by an accident or unexpected stopping (i.e., vehicle remains idle) by monitoring each lane separately. The traffic flows of each lane are level spacing curve that shows Wigner distribution for location vector. Applying calogero-moser system and Hamiltonian system, probability equation for each level-spacing curve is derived. The high level of modification of the signal means that the lane is in accident situation. This is different from previous studies in that it does more than looking for the signal from only one lane, now it is able to detect an accident in entire flow of traffic. In process of monitoring traffic flow of each lane, when camera recognizes a shadow of vehicle as a vehicle, it will affect the accident detecting capability. To prevent this from happening, the study introduces how to get rid of such shadow. The system using Basian network method is being compared for capability evaluation of the system of the study. As a result, the system of the study appeared to be better in performance in detecting the modification of traffic flow caused by idle vehicle.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.109-119
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• 2013

An unmanned ground vehicle(UGV) today plays a significant role in both civilian and military areas. Predominantly these systems are used to replace humans in hazardous situations. To take unmanned ground vehicles systems to the next level and increase their capabilities and the range of missions they are able to perform in the combat field, new technologies are needed in the area of command and control. For this reason, we present war field simulator based on information fusion technology to efficiently control UGV. In this paper, we present the war field simulator which is made of critical components, that is, simulation controller, virtual image viewer, and remote control device to efficiently control UGV in the future combat fields. In our information fusion technology, improved methods of target detection, recognition, and location are proposed. In addition, time reduction method of target detection is also proposed. In the consequence of the operation test, we expect that our war field simulator based on information fusion technology plays an important role in the future military operation significantly.