• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.694-701
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• 2016

The smart phone application to provide auto identification and answer explanation of multiple choice answer for each OMR answer item in the test paper different from ordinary OMR test by using smart phone is very useful in terms of a self learning and a smart learning. In this paper, smart phone application of OMR mark identification for each question item in test paper is proposed. QR code for each OMR answer is provided for the encrypted correct answer and the reference location of multiple choice answer rectangle location. The OMR answer region is extracted and the marked answer is identified in each question of test paper, in order to compare between the marking answer and the correct answer. Experimental result of smart phone application of the proposed algorithm for the OMR answer images with various size and direction shows excellent recognition performance.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.15-21
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• 2003

Background : This study focuses on the new acupuncture method of embedding method which inserts a substance on the acupuncture points for continuous stimulation. Clinical applications and cautions were examined through literary investigations. Results : Based on the literary consideration of embedding method, the following results were obtained : 1. Embedding method is a combination of traditional and embedding technique to provide longer duration of stimulation on the acupuncture points. 2. To administer the embedding method, one needs to utilize a embedding thread besides acupuncture apparatus. Sheep gut is commonly used in China and the surgical thread is the choice in Korea. 3. Embedding method may vary from the patient to patient, depending on the nature and location of the illness. Piercing, embedding, and tying are some of the possibilities. 4. Embedding method may have different arrangement of threads based on the choice of usage. 5. Embedding method is effective for various chronic illnesses such as aches, functional diseases, and the diseases of internal organs. 6. When using the embedding methods, cautions against infection and side effects due to strong stimulation are mandatory.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.684-702
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• 2016

The changes new technologies have brought to banking over the past decade are enormous in their impact on the ways of doing business and providing customer services, most notably in the areas of customer service channels. Banks have been trying to move away from the traditional, branch-based and costly staff-assisted channels toward self-assisted channels, i.e. internet banking and mobile banking, to drive down costs and improve customer loyalty. How internet and mobile have reshaped the user experience of banking service channel? To provide valuable insights for this question, this research investigates and compares customer's channel choice behavior and profit changes from bank's branch closure. Applying the propensity scoring matching method, the results of analysis demonstrates that the mobile channel can be a realistic alternative to conventional branches. Also, the reserch result shows banks can reduce conventional branches while experiencing a positive implications on their profits from the customers. Another significant implication from the research is, to accelerate the shift to digital channels, banks need to put more efforts on developing functions in the mobile channel that will allow friendly interaction with customers and consultation, such as video consultation, interactive chat, and location-based product recommendation.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.43-56
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• 2020

Purpose - This study was carried out to analyze the influential factors of how consumers methodize purchasing agricultural products via direct market. It further utilizes the Discrete Choice Model to analyze consumer decision specifically with regards to individual markets and store attributes. Research design and methodology - This study will use the multinomial logit model to interpret the influential factors behind selecting a specific market to purchase from. This study establishes 'online direct-purchase' as the base category with 'direct farm markets', 'local foods direct markets', 'produce boxes (CSA)' as substitutes. Results - Firstly, the variety of products, price and freshness had a positive influence on choosing 'direct farm markets' while convenience of payment and transportation had a negative influence. Second, freshness and store attributes had a positive influence on choosing 'local foods direct markets' but product price and packaging, location accessibility had a negative influence. And although product creditability had a positive influence on purchasing 'produce boxes (CSA)', product price had a negative influence. Conclusions - Accordingly, there is a need for the South Korean government to encourage the adoption of mobile payment through smartphone applications in direct farm markets to vitalize direct agricultural purchasing. However, this does need to be approached cautiously as price has a conflicting affect for each method of purchase.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.149-159
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• 2020

Selecting an investment location is one of the most crucial decisions of investors as it has a great influence on the operation and development of the business in the future. At the same time, the attraction of localities will bring advantages for socio-economic development for the localities invested. Investors are interested in localities that have the potential to invest. The study focused on analyzing and testing the influence of place brand equity on the choice of investment locations of domestic investors through a regression analysis using 425 survey samples of investors in Phu Tho province, one of the northern industrial zones in Vietnam. Research results showed that 56.5% of investment decisions depended on factors from place brands. In addition, in the decision-making process for choosing investment locations, brand awareness factor had the greatest impact on investor's decisions, followed by brand image and brand personality, and finally brand confidence had the smallest impact. Therefore, in the coming time, in order to retain and attract domestic investors to choose Phu Tho as an investment and business destination, it is necessary to increase the value of place brand equity and implement solutions to promote place brands to investors.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.485-499
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• 2012

With the maturity of department stores and discount stores, many Korean retail companies have an interest in developing outlet shopping centers such as Yeoju Premium Outlet so on. To develop a successful outlet shopping center, developers should understand consumer's preferences on many attributes of development alternatives. This study analyzes consumer's preferences on outlet shopping center and evaluates various development alternatives by using conjoint analysis. With empirical research for outlet shopping center development, this study can elicit potential shopper's preference for outlet shopping center. The empirical result shows discount rate is most important attribute to develop outlet shopping center. The potential shoppers have higher preference for higher discount rate. Location is the second important attribute. Brand is the least important attribute. By using utilities derived from analysis, this study performs various choice simulations. Through choice simulation analysis, this study tries to find the best development alternative for new outlet shopping center.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.226-233
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• 2010

Purpose: In resectable gastric cancer, choice regarding the extent of resection depends on tumor size, location, and distance from resection margin. However, there remains controversy for choice of resection for tumors in the middle third of the stomach. This study investigated patients who underwent gastrectomy in order to analyze the differences between total gastrectomy (TG) and subtotal gastrectomy (STG). Materials and Methods: From 2000 to 2006, 125 patients with a tumor in the middle third of the stomach underwent radical gastric resection at EUMC. We retrospectively conducted comparative analysis for the differences in clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis between TG and STG. Results: The average tumor size was 6.7 cm for TG, and 4.1 cm for STG. The number of metastatic lymph nodes were 13.3 for TG, and 3.7 for STG. Patients with more advanced cancer were more likely to receive TG. The 5-year survival rate for TG was lower (38.1%) than STG (69.0%). However, if tumor stages were stratified, there was no significant difference in the survival rate. Histologically, for the undifferentiated type of cancer (Stage 1, 2), the 5-year survival rate of STG was higher (88.1%) than TG (75.0%). Conclusions: Comparing patients with tumors in the middle third of the stomach who underwent TG and STG, there was no statistically significant difference in the 5-year survival rate. If stages were stratified, the clinicopathological characteristic becomes a key factor in deciding the prognosis, rather than the choice of resection. Thus if the radical resection margin can be obtained for a tumor in the middle third of the stomach, STG is considered instead of TG.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.411-435
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• 2013

Since catastrophe from explosion of Hukushima nuclear power plant, concerns over possibility of exposure to radioactive matter has been disseminating all over the world and frequent accidents of domestic nuclear power plants also has been amplifying throughout the nation. In the past, major focus was made on compensation for local residents who live nearby nuclear power plants, but focal point of this study is on wage premium of workers who are employed in R&D of nuclear power plants. It is difficult to derive socially desirable result if private sectors are responsible for compensation on workers who suffer from physical damages due to the exposure to radioactive matter. Because victims should verify the damages that occur in the working places. This study conducted a survey on which job would prefer the respondents who are engaged with the nuclear R&D projects as exposure levels to radioactive matter, security of job, location of firms, and work intensity differ. As a result, exposure to radioactive matter was the most important attribute in choosing alternative jobs followed by job security, work intensity and job location. Annual willingness to pay for reduction of exposure to radioactive matter was estimated as 7730~7770 thousand KRW depending on different econometric models. Therefore, Korean government should prepare institutional foundation in order that appropriate compensation should be made on workers who are engaged in R&D projects on nuclear power plants if they have damages from the exposure to radioactive matter.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.671-683
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• 2011

The technical development of transportation and communication increases freedom of location choice. This higher freedom allows to company can pursues bigger profit than before. Company's separated spatial configurations tend to go to most optimal location, so some places showed unexpected agglomeration. This study conducted to prove "dispersed concentration" for specific example, pharmaceutical enterprises, in real business world. As a result, separation of spatial configuration clearly observed as product output goes bigger and R&D's depth goes deeper. And spatial concentration of each function was found. Most headquarters are located in Seoul, R&D centers make agglomeration at some spaces. Plants' location concentrated until 1990s, but, in 2000s, plants expand out of metropolitan area.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.13-24
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• 2017

This paper presents a sequentially combined method of determining location conditions, the number of unmanned parcel service box and their optimal locations. First of all, block, accessibility and main public facilities are considered as location conditions and then set-covering model and p-median model are adopted for deciding the number of unmanned parcel service box and optimal locations, respectively. A case study for a region composed of small housings and multiplex housings in Ansan is conducted to prove the validation and application of the proposed method. The result indicates that 2 unmanned parcel service boxes are necessary in specific public places. The research contributes to resonable choice of unmanned parcel service boxes, crime reduction relevant to delivery man impersonation and economic benefit due to parcel service industry growth.