• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.77-95
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• 2023

Purpose - This study aims to identify the importance of subsidiary entrepreneurship as a key factor when MNE attempts to invest in challenging overseas markets. Through the simultaneous consideration of institutional theory and entrepreneurship theory, this study would like to examine how Korean subsidiaries in the Middle East improve their performance locally. Design/methodology - To reflect the characteristics of emerging markets, this study conducted a survey of Korean subsidiaries in the Middle East in cooperation with KOTRA and analyzed the hypotheses using a structural equation model based on 249 valid responses. Findings - The findings of this study are as follows. First, we found that institutional and business distance would positively affect subsidiaries' entrepreneurship. The result that subsidiaries' entrepreneurship is positively affected by institutional and business distance implies that attempts to close the difference between heterogeneous markets would increase subsidiaries' innovative proactiveness, such as R&D and creative marketing strategies. Second, we confirmed that the institutional and business distance positively mediate the subsidiaries' entrepreneurship growth, leading to high performance. Therefore, Korean subsidiaries are required and prepared to establish strategies to better understand institutional and business distances in advance and reduce the liability of foreignness by conducting customized research and training programs before sending Korean expatriates to local subsidiaries in the Middle East. Originality/value - This study contributed to institutional and entrepreneurship theory by proving the traditional relationship between institutional and business distance to subsidiaries' performance and the mediation of subsidiary entrepreneurship.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2017

Purpose - The year 2016 marks 20 years since the opening of Korean distribution market in 1996. After this opening, the domestic market expanded and modernized, and has grown to become an advanced distribution market with a greater range of consumer choices. On the other hand, traditional markets have waned and their management has become worse. However, traditional markets do not have economic value alone. This study examines the effects of social value in traditional market such as the value of Cultural Tourism and the value of Sharing Community with Traditional Market on Satisfaction, Loyalty and Place Attachment of the residents. Research design, data and methodology - A questionnaire was organized for this study after a hypothesis was set based on theoretical background. Verification of the hypothesis was undertaken by statistically analyzing questionnaire responses. Personal interviews were performed for this study, and a total of 300 responses were collected, of which 228 responses (76%) were from women. The survey coverage was divided into 10 regions ranging from metropolitan areas to the provincial level, and the age groups were divided into 30s to 60s to ensure diversity of the area and age. Results - To summarize the study results, through verification of the hypothesis in terms of meaningful influence, it appears the values of Cultural Tourism to Satisfaction and Loyalty are supported. On the other hand, the value of Sharing Community is only supported for Satisfaction. It appears that Satisfaction to Loyalty and Loyalty to Place Attachment are meaningful effects. The mediator effect was also reconciled through satisfaction and loyalty. Loyalty was analyzed in terms of mediating the effect of satisfaction on place attachment. Conclusions - It is noted in this study that government support is required to preserve traditional markets and renewal program. Community requires multilateral communication and the formation of effective relationships. In contrast to the economic value emphasized by large retailers, the empirical analysis of the non-economic effects of traditional markets has presented the significance of socio-cultural values in traditional markets. In the future, socio-cultural values and economic values should be integrated into more empirical studies through mutual comparison. Investigating the increase and decrease of social value in traditional markets will help the future formulation in government policy.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
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• pp.494-496
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• 2003

Transmission congestion is one of the key factors to local market power in competitive electricity markets. This paper presents an alternative methodology in estimating market power under transmission congestion. The proposed methodology was demonstrated with the Optimal Power Flow(OPF).

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2002년도 추계종합학술대회
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• pp.106-109
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• 2002

주요 외국의 경우 통신시장의 경쟁활성화와 시내망의 중복투자를 방지하기 위하여 통신사업자간 가입자선로를 공동으로 사용할 수 있도록 하는 가입자선로 세분화(LLU)가 실시되고 있거나 도입을 검토하고 있다. 우리나라의 경우 지난 2001년 10월에 구체적인 제공기준이 마련되었다. 본 고에서는 주요 외국의 LLU 도입현황 및 이미 LLU를 시행하고 있는 미국과 EU의 도입효과를 고찰함으로써 국내 LLU 정책에 적용될 수 있는 시사점을 검토하였다.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.215-228
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• 2020

농촌진흥청에서는 식품산업진흥법 제19조 제1항에 의거하여 국가표준식품성분표를 5년 주기로 발표하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 2021년 국가표준식품성분표 제10개정판 발간을 앞두고 우리나라 국민들이 많이 소비하고 있는 식품으로 선정된 182개 식품의 대표시료를 합리적이고 과학적으로 추출하기 위한 방안을 제안하였다. 농수산물을 포함한 식품을 판매하는 식료품점을 유통형태에 따라 대형마트와 전통시장으로 구분한 후 NFNAP에서 제안한 층화다단추출법을 각각 적용하여 8개 표본을 추출하였다. NFNAP는 미국인들이 소비하고 있는 식료품의 성분표에 대한 신뢰성 있는 추정을 담보하기 위해 미국 농무성과 국립보건원이 1977년에 협약을 맺고 공동 연구로 개발한 국가식품 영양분석 프로그램이다. 대형마트에 기초한 표본추출에서는 이마트 가양점, 홈플러스 시흥점, 롯데마트 동두천점, 이마트 수원점, 롯데마트 둔산점, 롯데마트 여수점, 이마트 울산점, 하나로클럽 울산점이 표본으로 추출되었고, 전통시장에 기초한 표본추출에서는 서울시 금천구 독산동우시장과 송파구 풍납시장, 고양시 일산서구 일산시장, 광주광역시 북구 운암시장, 대전광역시 대덕구 법동시장, 부산광역시 영도구 봉래시장과 해운대구 좌동재래시장, 창원시 진해구 중앙시장이 표본으로 추출되었다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.312-330
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• 2015

기호식품인 커피에 대한 선호가 높아짐에 따라 국내 커피시장이 빠르게 성장하고 있고, 커피 프랜차이즈들 간의 경쟁이 치열해짐에 따라 수익성은 약화되고 있다. 글로벌 기업이나 대기업 브랜드의 커피 프랜차이즈 매장들이 전국 커피시장의 상당 부분을 점유하고 있는 상황에서 대구광역시의 지역 자생 커피 프랜차이즈와 개인 커피전문점들은 대형 커피 프랜차이즈를 상대로 대등한 시장 점유율을 보이고 있다. 이는 타 지역에서 나타나지 않는 독특한 현상으로, 대구의 지역 자생 커피 프랜차이즈와 개인 커피전문점의 성장 원인에 대한 분석이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 대구광역시의 대형 커피 프랜차이즈와 지역 자생 커피 프랜차이즈, 개인 커피전문점을 이용한 고객들을 대상으로 지역 자생 커피 프랜차이즈와 개인 커피전문점을 선택하게 된 이유(선택 속성)를 규명하는데 목적이 있다. 대형 커피 프랜차이즈와 비교하였을 때 지역 자생 커피 프랜차이즈와 개인 커피전문점이 갖는 가장 차별화되고 비교 우위에 있는 속성은 음료의 가격과 양으로 나타났다. 이는 지역 자생 커피 프랜차이즈와 개인 커피전문점들이 전국 커피 프랜차이즈 음료의 비싼 가격과 적은 양에 대한 소비자의 불만을 파악하여, 가격은 낮추되 양을 늘려 제공하는 현실적 대응 방안을 보여준다. 즉, 지역 자생 커피 프랜차이즈와 개인 커피전문점들이 대형 커피 프랜차이즈에 대해 경쟁력을 갖는 이유는 소비자들의 니즈에 반응하고 필요한 선택 속성을 제공한 것으로 해석된다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.133-142
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• 2007

Tourism and recreation spots in Korea have been developed metropolitan cities-oriented that facility construction has too much importance in local tourist site development more than satisfaction and experience. Tourism hardly seems to play its role as a motive power even in locals where tourism occupies much in their economic development. Therefore, the ministry of culture & tourism has introduced a plan to discover cultural and tourism resources as a development alternative which handles theme-ability and specialization. However, most projects of local tourism resources developed since 1999 have resulted similar features comparing to previous and existing tourist spots. And the main objectives of this paper have not been realized very well. This research hence forth suggests a program-based model development in tourism resources, with a case study of Gokun-gugok, one of the historical and cultural sites and is located in Hwachon-gun, Gangwon Province. Main points include: Since the Gokun-gugok landscape has been undermined and been loosed the traditional cultural value due to the road development, this study intends to plan to make the adventure of tourism destination including restoring the site as a cultural place. The Gokun-gugok site needs to develop combining various types of tours and adventures with instructive and educational programs to meet the visitors' needs. This research also intends to precede a development plan based on harmonizing natural, historical and cultural assets of the Gokun-gugok with facility maintains and tourism development. Meanwhile, the study stresses on realizing development of tourism resources categorizing programs by seasonality, visitor's economic class, and visit duration. Asa consequence, the research presents a "Culture & Tourism Academy" which deals with these types of adventure programs and informative educations. To assess feasibility of the development plan in terms of economy, environment and policy, the research conducted the site inspection and examined the site's surroundings, land properties and inundation. 145,000 square meters have been extracted as a feasible development area out of total 392,500 square meters. Finally, the study segmentizes target markets basedon the result of the survey on visitors and local residents. The more segmentized markets employ facilities according to their traditional characters.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제18권
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• pp.159-188
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• 2002

International joint ventures are usually formed and managed by domestic companies and foreign investors for the common objectives. They offer an opportunity for each partner to benefit significantly from the comparative advantages of the other. Local partners bring knowledge of the domestic market; familiarity with government bureaucracies and regulations; understanding of local labor markets; and existing manufacturing facilities. Foreign partners can offer advanced process and product technologies, management know-how, and access to export markets. In Korea, joint ventures have been encouraged to usher in foreign investors with foreign currency capital badly needed during the IMF financial crisis. In the meantime, Korean laws and regulations with respect to joint ventures have been largely overhauled to promote foreign direct investment (FDI) both inbound and outbound. They include four types of FDI, i.e., acquisition of foreign stocks, provision of long-term loans, participation in joint operations like resources development, and establishment of foreign offices. From the legal point of view, the formal joint venture agreement must be an offspring of a series of tough negotiations between domestic and foreign partners. They usually stress the long-term relationship with the good will and dedication to each other, and restrict the free transfer of stocks. Both partners are earnestly interested in the ownership and management of the joint venture. So they keep a close eye on the articles of incorporation, changes of business environment, conflict resolution methods, transparency of accounting and other financial matters. When a multinational corporation (MNC) is involved in the joint venture, conflicts over management strategies, marketing and other issues take place more often than not between the MNC and local partners. We have to pay attention to joint ventures, particularly, in China and North Korea. As witnessed in other transition economies, China is eagerly bringing in foreign direct investments for the development of nation's economy. China encourages foreign investors to establish ordinary joint ventures, contractual joint ventures, solely invested foreign capital companies and jointly operated development companies with local partners. In North Korea, however, joint ventures have a different meaning like contractual joint ventures in China, in which North Korean partners have an initiative in the management. Rather, jointly operated companies or simply processing-for-wage companies are recommended in view of the unpredictable legal infrastructure in North Korea.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.175-188
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• 2000

This study was to investigate the consumption pattern, behaviors, and motivational attitudes related to fruit and vegetables. Data were collected from 344 mothers whose children were attending an elementary school and a middle school in Kimcheon. The average vegetable expenses were under 10,000 won per week. The frequency of purchasing vegetables was 2-3 times a week. Housewives usually bought the vegetables at local markets and grand shopping centers. As for buying vegetables, housewives considered the organic vegetables, preference, price, and nutrition in order. In the family, the vegetables were favored by husbands most and by sons least. The average fruit expenses were under 10,000 won per week. The frequency of purchasing fruit was 2-3 times a week. Housewives usually bought the fruit at local markets and grand shopping centers. As for buying fruit, housewives considered preference, price, and nutrition in order. The fruit were favored by all members most and by husbands least. Housewives identified barriers to increasing vegetables and fruit consumption, including preference for other foods, lack of availability, cost, and time and effort to prepare. Several implications for nutrition interventions were suggested. First, a key motivation for these women was eating healthy food when they are pregnant, suggesting a persuasive appeal to use in interventions. Second, review of the women's current behaviors led to an identification of four specific behaviors that had the most potential for increasing overall consumption. Finally, the findings suggested ways in which nutrition interventions could address each of the barriers identified.

• 에너지공학
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.256-276
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• 2006

경쟁적 전력시장에서, 송전혼잡은 지역적 시장지배력의 핵심 요인들 중 하나이다. 재무적 송전권을 구매한 시장 참여자는 그들이 지불한 혼잡 세를 돌려받음으로써 재무적 보호를 받을 수 있다. 하지만 많은 연구에서, 이러한 송전권이 오히려 시장지배력을 강화시킴을 보였다. 따라서 본 논문은 새로운 개념의 송전권인 Contingent Transmission Rights을 이용해 지역적 시장지배력을 완화시키는 것이 목적이다. 본 논문은 각 모선의 한계가격 (Locational Marginal Pricing LMP)을 기반으로 한 모선별 가격제도(Nodal Pricing)와 최적조류계산(Optimal Power Flow)를 이용해 사례연구를 수행하였다.