• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.58-67
• /
• 1995

A path planning algorithm using a laser range finder are presented for real-tiem navigation of an autonomous guided vehicle. Considering that the laser range finder has the excellent resolution with respect to angular and distance measurements, a sophisticated local path planning algorithm is achieved by using the human's heuristic method. In the case of which the man knows not rhe path, but the goal direction, the man forwards to the goal direction, avoids obstacle if it appears, and selects the best pathway when there are multi-passable ways between objects. These heuristic principles are applied to the path decision of autonomous guided vehicle such as forward open, side open and no way. Also, the effectiveness of the established path planning algorithm is estimated by computer simulation in complex environment.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.155-159
• /
• 2000

In the spring silkworm rearing period of year 1998, some nutritional aspects were studied in the Agricultural Research Station of the Komotini town in Greece, to investigate the feeding behaviour of some Bulgarian silkworm hybrids, suitable for spring rearing, during the fourth and fifth instal under the local climatic conditions. The silkworms were fed by locally cultivated Japanese Kinriu mulberry (Morus alba L.) variety leaves. Eight Bulgarian hybrids had been used, namely Vratza-53xVratza-52, Ukraine-20xVratza-53, Super 1xHessa 2, Merefa 2xVratza 35, as well as their reciprocal crosses. The studies showed out a remarkably higher feed intake and feed utilization by the hybrids Hessa 2xSuper-1, Merefa 2xVratza 35 and Vratza-52xVratza-53. The same hybrids showed an efficient food utilization by means of daily growths cocoon shell ratio and raw silk output. In terms of food to silk conversion efficiency Hessa 2xSuper-1 hybrid gave the best results. Larval stage duration for fourth and fifth instar was not affected by feed intake and utilization. All hybrids showed a good adaptation to the local environment and their feeding performance was equal to the international existing standards. All calculated parameters were found to be around the mean values of other up to date presented results and thus considered as acceptable for the needs of the local production.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.23 no.6 s.183
• /
• pp.136-142
• /
• 2006

Optimization of the aircraft panel assembly constructed by skin and stringers is investigated. For the design of panel assembly of the aircraft structure, it is necessary to determine the best shape of the stringer which accomplishes lowest weight under the condition of no instability. A panel assembly can fail in a variety of instability modes under compression. Overall modes of flexure or torsion can occur and these can interact in a combined flexural/torsion mode. Flexure and torsion can occur symmetrically or anti-symmetrically. Local instabilities can also occur. The local instabilities considered in this paper are buckling of the free and attached flanges, the stiffener web and the inter-rivet buckling. A program is developed to find out critical load for each instability mode at the specific stringer shape. Based on the developed program, optimization is performed to find optimum stringer shape. The developed instability analysis program is not adequate for sensitivity analysis, therefore RSM (Response Surface Method) is utilized instead to model weight and instability constraints. Since the problem has many local minimum, Genetic algorithm is utilized to find global optimum.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.195-200
• /
• 2013

Road loads data are indispensable in the evaluation of BSR (Buzz, Squeak, and Rattle) of automotive parts/modules. However, there are uncertainties on the best measurement locations for representative body motion and for seat systems. In the present study, we measure road loads at four different locations of a body. A-pillars on the driver and passenger sides and left and right frame fronts of the front passenger seat mountings are selected to study the acceleration behavior at different locations. The measurements are conducted with passenger cars driving local roads at 50km/hr. The measured time-acceleration data are then transformed into PSD (power spectral density) data to compare the characteristics of local accelerations. By defining the deviated acceleration components from rigid body motion, the stiffness of vehicle body could be simply expressed in a quantitative basis. Measured data from two different vehicles are presented to demonstrate their relative vehicle body stiffness.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.54
• /
• pp.123-144
• /
• 2012

Seller shall deliver the goods with a perfect condition of packing or container in international trade. Unless otherwise seller shall warranty that the goods arrive at destination with a safe and economic value. Buyer may ask packing is to be made in specific condition or refuse to accept when the packing is not made in accordance with trade customs between among merchants. Especially packing is to be considered under the local law and process. Sometimes tax will be added to specific condition of packing for example glasses, metal sheet or others. Warning signs shall be included as form of both words and diagrams, and be in form of ensuring understanding in the local market. Wide range of warning signs can be used for communications and understanding of packing. Packing of a product can usefully symbolize a range of product information, or any relevant warnings, and give an opportunity for displaying messages of promoting the company and the goods. The seller may choose the best method to maintain its value but find a way to reduce packing cost, size for convenience during delivery, design, and local customs. There are many things to be considered for packing to seller. The purpose of packing is to protect the goods itself and to maintain its economic value during storage, delivery, transshipment, and distribution to end users.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.43 no.5
• /
• pp.461-465
• /
• 2016

Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is a rare, slow-growing intraepithelial malignancy that mainly involves the genital region, including the vulva, penis, scrotum, perianal, and periurethral areas. Although several treatment options exist, wide local excision with a safe margin is considered the treatment of choice. After resection of the lesion, it is often challenging to reconstruct the defect because defects in the perineal region require adequate volume for protection and are susceptible to infections, which is a particularly significant risk for large defects. We report a case of perivulvar EMPD that was reconstructed with three-directional local flaps after wide excision of the tumor. We covered the defect sequentially using the following 3 flaps: a gracilis myocutaneous flap from the left thigh, a bipedicled V-Y advancement flap from the lower abdomen, and an internal pudendal artery perforator-based island flap from the right buttock. To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first to describe a three-directional approach to extensive perivulvar reconstruction.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.215-224
• /
• 2008

The objective for this research was to clarify the preference for alternative restaurants with different combinations of factor levels: local specialty food, non-local specialty food, very attentive service, moderately attentive service, not attentive service, traditional decoration, modern decoration, \10,000, \15,000, and \20,000. Total 230 copies of questionnaire were completed. Conjoint experiment method was used to develop full restaurant profiles. Ordinal probit model was used to measure the effects of factor levels on the preference. Results of the study demonstrated that the ordinal probit model analysis result for the data also indicated a good model fit. The effects of factor levels on the preference were statistically significant. As expected, the estimates of implicit price to pay were statistically significant. Moreover, the customers were more willing to pay for local specialty than other factor levels. The customers also considered the food factor as a very important factor. This research suggested that the customer's decision-making process for restaurants was best modeled as a conjoint experiment method that combines various factor levels. And it showed the results could be used as good data for understanding the relationships between the factors and preference in choosing food and restaurants in tourist areas.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.15 no.5
• /
• pp.439-445
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study is to suggest the improvement strategies for exhaust performance in composite kitchen hoods. The Exhaust only hood, the 2-way compensating hood and the 3-way compensating hood were selected, and the laboratory experiments were performed to compare the local exhaust efficiency and the indoor temperature distributions according to the variations of the hood type and supply/exhaust air velocity. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. The compensating hood has better performance than exhaust only hood in the aspect of local exhaust efficiency and temperature distribution. The 3-way compensating hood shows the best performance when the supply air velocity is about 2.7 m/s, and the 2-way compensating hood at the supply air velocity of 3.5 w/s. In the same exhaust rate condition, if the exhaust area of the hood is increased and therefore the exhaust velocity is lowered, the supply air velocity is also lowered to get the optimum performance. The optimum exhaust velocity range of the commercial kitchen hood which derived from this study is 0.48 ∼ 0.55 m/s.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.44 no.4
• /
• pp.449-463
• /
• 2012

For buildings subjected to blast loading, structural failure can be categorized into local failure (direct blast effects) and progressive collapse (consequential effects). In direct blast effects, the intensive blast pressures create localized failure of structural elements such as exterior columns and walls. Columns, and their behaviour, play a key role in these situations. Therefore investigating the behaviour of columns under blast loading is very important to estimate the strength, safety and reliability of the whole structure. When a building is subjected to blast loading, it experiences huge loading pressures and undergoes great displacement and plastic behaviour. In order to study the behaviour of an element under blast loading, in addition to elastic properties of materials, plastic and elastic-plastic properties of materials and sections are needed. In this paper, using analytical studies and nonlinear time-history analysis by Ansys software, the effects of shape of column sections and boundary conditions, on behaviour and local failure of steel columns under blast load are studied. This study identifies the importance of elastic-plastic properties of sections and proposes criteria for choosing the best section and boundary conditions for columns to resist blast loading.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.3-13
• /
• 2013

As climate change is increasingly recognised as an important global problem, a wide variety of policies and measures are emerging at global and local level to deal with the challenges from the anthropogenic global warming. While national and inter-national efforts characterized by limiting GHG emissions shows very little progress because of their expanse spatial scale and complicated political situations, local efforts have the potentials to ensure effective implementation, monitoring and continual improvement. In the context of local-scale climate policy, the city of Portland is known as one of the best leading cities for its progress of implementing climate change strategies. This paper will briefly discuss the city's efforts to solve the climate change problem and its achievements. The latest climate action plan is selected for the analysis on the followings; the framework of the action plan, the types of implementation methods, and the coordinating agencies. The progress status of each action plans is also reviewed. The purpose of this paper is to describe the main characteristics of the climate action plans and their implications from the intensive analysis on the city of Portland's case.