• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.121-131
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• 2017

Although the educational facility are an important considerations on a social equity standpoint, educational environment in rural areas has been continuously deteriorated by numerous social problems such as decreasing birth rate and increasing of local school closing. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accessibility of educational environment in rural areas on village level. First, we evaluate physical accessibility based on legally defined commuting distance. Second, the implication of village population of potential accessibility is analyzed. Lastly, the facility centrality index of each village is estimated for assessing the relations of educational accessibility. The main results of this study are as follows; (1) The accessibility of most villages in Pyeongchang-gun is vulnerable that 81.10% for elementary school, 73.17% for middle school, and 82.32% for high school, respectively; (2) The average commuting distance per student considering estimated number of students for each educational facilities indicated 2.75km for elementary school, 4.37km for middle school, and 5.79km for high school; (3) the facility centrality index is highly correlated to educational facilities but not to village population.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.132-140
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• 2005

The pilot test of a new alternative for small wastewater treatment system has been conducted for two years. It consists of a hybrid bioreactor and the expert system including the process control logic, PLC system, and HMI for the process automation. In order to monitor and remote control its status, the real-time data was transferred from the on-site control center to the central station via a wireless local area network. More efficient and stable performances were observed at automatic operating mode compared with the manual. On an average, COD, SS, T-N and T-P concentrations in the effluent from the hybrid bioreactor were less than 14, 7, 12 and 0.9 mg/L, respectively. According to the result from pilot tests, the quality of treated wastewater with sand filtration was enough to be utilized again.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.5-13
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• 1962

The blood samples of 280 suckling pigs and of 300 adult pigs were studied in a hope to establish normal hemograms of swine as reared in Korean local conditions. The examination included total counts of erythrocytes, leukocytes differential count, hemoglobinometry, and reticulocyte count. The results of this study are summarized as following. 1. Higher erythrocyte count was observed in adult pigs as compared with the values reported by other workers. The normal erythrocyte value for malewas $8.4{\pm}0.9$ millions with approximately 0.6 million less for female. 2. Relatively higher hemoglobin concentration was measured in the piglets at birth, which slightly decreased in piglets of 2nd and 3rd weeks. The Hb concentration was highest in piglets of 5th week amounting to 15.8gm/100ml of blood, and it gradually decreased to the adult-level thereafter. 3. The average diameter of erythrocyte was $6.6{\pm}0.72{\mu}$ in suckling pigs and $6.3{\pm}0.11{\mu}$ in adult pigs. This shows that erythrocytes of piglets are larger than those of adult pigs and the mean diameter is also arger than reported by other investigators. 4. The lower mean percentages of eosinopils, basophils, monocytes were found both in the blood of suckling and adult pigs. 5. The other blood values were in general agreements with the values reported by other workers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.25-36
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to estimate income-related health inequalities among adolescent population across regions in Korea. Methods: Data of 8,456 adolescents from 1998, 2001, 2005, 2007 Korean Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used for the analysis. True health status was proxied by self-rated health and overweight status. Per capita income was computed from household monthly average income adjusted by consumer price with base year 2005. Adolescent health inequalities were estimated by Concentration Index (CI) across income and space. Results: Ill health score was related with age (p<0.0001), gender (p=0.0155) and income (p<0.0001). Negative relationship between income and ill-health indicated that higher income group tended to enjoy better health and less overweight. These evidences suggested ill health were accumulated on the economically disadvantaged adolescents. The size of health inequalities (ill-health score) were estimated as CI=-0.057 and CI=-0.030 across income groups and regions, respectively. Comparable measures of within region health disparities were also observed. Conclusion: Since health disparity among adolescent population was small compared to adult population, lessening adolescent health inequality could be a helpful way of mitigating health disparities in later stage. Considering life stage of adolescents, school system and local communities could play important roles toward adolescent health distribution. Although health disparity between regions existed, health disparity within a region should not be neglected.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.202-205
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• 1998

X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopic studies at the Ni K-edge have been performed for the Ni-Zn alloy coating layer on steel. The Ni-Zn interatomic distances and Debye-Waller factors were determined by fitting the experimental data with the theoretical spectra in the temperature range of 80 to 300K. The average Ni-Zn interatomic distance was found to be $2.557{\AA}$ and the variation of the Ni-Zn interatomic distance with temperature in this range was insignificant. From the comparison of the Ni-Zn interatomic distance with the nearest neighbor distance of pure Zn lattice it has been suggested that there is an apparent contraction around Ni atom.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.341-343
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• 2001

Molecular markers have become fundamental tools for crop genome study. The objective of this study was to construct a genetic linkage map for cowpea with PCR-based molecular markers. Five hundred and twenty random RAPD primers were screened for parental polymorphism. Ninety RAPD markers from sixty primers was segregated in 75 F2 mapping population derived from the cross of local cultivars GSC01 and GSC02. 70 RAPD markers were found to be genetically linked and formed 11 linkage groups. Linkage map spanned 474.1 cM across all 11 linkage groups. There are six linkage groups of 40 cM or more, and five smaller linkage groups range from 4.9 to 24.8 cM. The average linkage distance between pairs of markers among all linkage groups was 6.87 cM. The number of markers per linkage group ranged from 2 to 32. The longest group 1 spans 190.6 cM, while the length of shortest group 11 is 4.9 cM. This map is further needed to be saturated with the various markers such as RFLP, AFLP, SSR and more various populations and primers. In addition, morphological markers and biochemical markers should be united to construct a comprehensive linkage map.

• The Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.33-40
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• 1994

This study investigates the relationship between size, illumination, and display of show window. The average width, height, and depth of show windows in Taegu area were 341.3, 233.4, and 125.8cm, respectively. As light source, halogen lamp was most frequently used, followed by fluorescent lamp and incandescence lamp. In the actual illumination, however, a combined use of more than 2 light sources was common Further, a local illumination method, e. g., spot light, was generally adopted. The thought of employers and employees in fashion shops on display and illumination was examined as well. On the whole, the necessity and importance of display were well recognized but the fact that the illumination should be harmonized with other factors such as color and arrangement of goods was underestimated.

• Proceedings of the KSEEG Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.148-151
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• 2005

Field-scale DNAPL dissolution is controlled by the topology of DNAPL distributions with respect to the velocity field. A high resolution percolation model was developed and employed to simulate the distribution of DNAPL within source zones. Statistically anisotropic permeability values and capillary parameters were generated for 10${\times}$10${\times}$10 m domains at a resolution of 0.05 to 0.1 m for various statistical properties. TCE leakage was simulated at various rates and the distribution of residual DNAPL in 'fingers' and 'lenses' was computed. Variations in finger and lens geometries, frequencies, average DNAPL saturations, and overall source topology were predicted to be strongly influenced by statistical properties of the medium as well as by injection rate and fluid properties. Model results were found to be consistent with observations from controlled DNAPL release experiments reported in the literature. The computed distributions of aquifer properties and DNAPL were utilized to perform high-resolution numerical simulations of groundwater flow and dissolved transport. Simulations were performed to assess the effect of grout or foam injection in bore holes within the source zone and of shallow point-releases of fluids with various properties on dissolution in DNAPL dissolution rate, even for widely spaced injection points. The results indicate that measures that induced partial flow reductions through DNAPL source zones can significantly decrease dissolution rates from residual DNAPL. The benefit from induced partial flow reductions is two-fold: 1) local flow reduction in DNAPL contaminated zones reduces mass transfer rates, and 2) contaminant flux reductions occur due to the decrease in groundwater velocity

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.489-496
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• 2015

In this paper, a new weighted prediction scheme is proposed to improve the coding efficiency for video scenes containing brightness variations. Conventional weighted prediction is applied by the reference picture and use only one weighted parameter set. Thus, it is only useful for GBV(Glabal Brightness Variation). In order to solve this problem, the proposed algorithm use three kind of schemes depending on situation. Experimental results show that maximum coding efficiency gain of the proposed method is up to 10.2% in luminance. Average computional time complexity is increased about 163% in encoder and about 101% in decoder.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.133-137
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• 1999

Purpose: There are so many different methods with the their own advantages and disadvantages for acute AC dislocation and distal unstable clavicle fracture. We evaluated the usefulness of temporary Bosworth's coracoclavicular fixations using the cannulated screw and reviewed our clinical results. Materials and Methods: We evaluated 34 cases of temporary coracoclavicular fixations with cannulated screw and washer for acute AC dislocation(25cases in the Type V, Ⅲ) and distal unstable clavicle fracture(9cases in the Type ⅡB, Ⅱ+Ⅲ). All cases were fixed by the same techniques, guided cannulated screw under C-arm after the repair of the CC ligament within 1 week. Bases on the regular check, screws were removed at the 6-12 weeks under local anesthesia. The final clinical and radiological results(average 14 months follow-up) were rated with the UCLA scale. Results : All shoulders were gained nearly full ROM passively at the 3-4 weeks. The overall satisfactory resuIts(excellent or good) were achieved 88%(22/25) in the acute AC dislocation and all in the distal unstable clavicle fracture. There were no definite complications except three initial fixations loosening. Conclusion: Temporary Bosworth's coracoclavicular fixation using the cannulated screw with guided pin was simple precedure and provided enough initial stability for acute AC dislocation and distal unstable clavicle fracture.