• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.183-190
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• 1993

정확한 지오이드고(高)의 결정은 측위위성에 의한 위치해석시 3차원 측지좌표변환과 정표고 결정에 기본이 되므로 그 중요성이 강조되고 있다. 본 연구는 GPS에 의한 지오이드고(高) 결정에 관한 것으로 경도 $127^{\circ}{\sim}128^{\circ}$, 위도 $36^{\circ}{\sim}37^{\circ}$내 $5km{\times}5km$ 지역과 $60km{\times}60km$ 지역의 실측성과를 토대로 Bi-linear 방법과 GPS leveling 방법 및 OSU91A 방법으로 결과를 도출, 수준측량 성과와 비교하여 그 특성을 고찰한 것이다. 그 결과 Bi-linear 방법은 보간망의 형태와 크기 및 지형의 기복에 좌우되며 GPS leveling 방법은 수준측량의 성과가 양호하다면 이상적인 방법임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 OSU91A 방법의 경우 GPS leveling 방법과 평균 62cm의 차를 나타내므로 보다 정밀한 지오이드고(高) 결정을 위해서는 우리나라 지형에 적합한 지역적 지오이드 모델의 개발이 요망된다. 본 결과는 지오이드고(高)의 모델개발과 3차원 좌표변환체계의 연구에 한 참고 자료가 될 것이며 각종 건설공사의 3차원 위치결정에도 응용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 대기
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2008

Log normalized volume size distribution (dV/dlog$D_p$) with 52 size ranges from 0.5 to $20.0{\mu}m$ was measured for the cases of high $PM_{10}$ mass concentration (> $200{\mu}gm^{-3}$) using the Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS) at the Korea Global Atmosphere Watch Center (KGAWC) from 6 April, 2006 to 5 April, 2007. Black Carbon (BC), gaseous pollutants of $NO_X$ and $SO_2$ and ${\AA}ngstr\ddot{o}m$ exponent were also measured to examine the properties of the volume size distribution. From distinct difference of the high volume concentration (> $100{\mu}m^3cm^{-3}$), the volume size distribution for each event day was clasified into four types: (1) Type 1 had the high volume concentration for supermicron particles from 2.3 to $6.0{\mu}m$ and maximum average volume concentration was $160.7{\mu}m^3cm^{-3}$ at $3.5{\mu}m$. (2) Type 2 represented the high volume concentration in the both size range of submicron ($0.7-1.0{\mu}m$) and supermicron particles ($2.1-4.1{\mu}m^3cm^{-3}$ and $136.2{\mu}m^3cm^{-3}$ were found at 0.8 and $3.3{\mu}m$ respectively. (3) Type 3 showed the high volume concentration in the size range of $0.5-3.5{\mu}m$ and highest volume concentration of $201.1{\mu}m^3cm^{-3}$ at the particle size bin of $0.8{\mu}m$. (4) Type 4 was characterized by the high volume concentration for the fine particles less than $1.2{\mu}m$ and very high concentration of $446.8{\mu}m^3cm^{-3}$. ${\AA}ngstr\ddot{o}m$ exponent, concentration of gaseous ($NO_X$ and $SO_2$), and particle (BC) pollutants suggested that Type 1 was a typical volume size distribution for the Asian dust and Type 3 provided transportation of air pollutants. The distribution in Type 2 found to have both characteristics of the Asian dust and air pollutants, and Type 4 was took place during the foggy atmosphere containing high density of local pollutants. Based on the properties of volume size distribution, we can identify the three major events contributing the increase of $PM_{10}$ mass concentration, and hope to provide a guideline for discriminating the Asian dust from high $PM_{10}$ events. More case studies and longeto advance this determination method.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.619-640
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• 2008

The objective of this study is to promote alternative plans on the prejudiced and distorted parts in school textbooks in the aspect of multi-functionality of agriculture and rural community. This was done through analysis of the contents in 44 kinds of schoolbooks in Korean language (30 of elementary school, 12 of middle school and 2 of high school). This will lead to promote the understanding about the multi-functionality and form the proper value system related to agriculture and rural community for children and juveniles using schoolbooks. A content analysis which is a research tool to classify all contents of materials containing the properties to become the object of interest in a systematic way, was employed to examine to what extent the contents on agriculture and rural community were reflected in the textbooks for elementary school, middle school and high school. The content analysis was done in two categories, namely; application method and function view. Application method had four types of texts, cases, figures pictures, and activities, while function view emphasized the relevance for the multi-functionality of agriculture and rural community (i.e., function of environment preservation, function of rural scenery and rural traditional culture conservation, function of maintenance and development of local society, and function of food security). The results of application method in elementary school showed that the textbook of the second-year class having a large amount of figures pictures related to agriculture and rural community, had the highest frequency in all six grades. In the function view, the environment preservation function was most abundant among a variety of multi-functionalities. In middle school, the average frequency had shown a rapid decrease. However, the function of environment preservation in the function view and the texts by application method were most frequent. in the first-year class. In high school, however, any mention related to agriculture and rural community was not made, in spite of the fact that the ten parts of textbook contained a lot of contents with a reasonable level. Based on the results of content analysis, findings and recommendations by part in textbooks for elementary school, middle school and high school have been drawn, and several examples for the content development to be included in the textbooks were listed.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.351-358
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• 2018

To grasp the infection status of Metagonimus spp. metacercariae (MsMc), the freshwater fishes were surveyed from Seomjin-gang (river) and Tamjin-gang in the Republic of Korea. Total 1,604 fishes from 7 local sites of Seomjin-gang and 1,649 fishes from 2 sites of Tamjin-gang were examined for 6 years (2012-2017) by the artificial digestion method. MsMc were detected in fishes from 7 sites, i.e., Osucheon in Imsil-gun (36.3% fish in 6 spp.), Seomjin-gang in Sunchanggun (49.8% in 18 spp.), Songdaecheon in Namwon-si (64.5% in 8 spp.), Seomjin-gang in Gokseong-gun (72.4% in 14 spp.) and in Gurye-gun (78.8% in 17 spp.), Hoengcheon (75.9% in 11 spp.) and Namsancheon (58.9% in 7 spp.) in Hadong-gun. Their average densities were 4.2, 86.8, 39.9, 43.1, 246.5, 173.6 and 67.5 per fish infected respectively. Prevalence with MsMc in rasborinid fish from Seomjin-gang was 89.2% and their intensity was 73.6 per fish infected. Endemicities of MsMc in rasborinid fish from Seomjin-gang were significantly higher in fishes from the lower reaches (prevalence: 98.7%; density: 137) rather than in fishes from the middle (93.5%; 38) and upper (72.4%; 13) reaches. MsMc were also detected in 56.1% and 66.4% fishes from 2 surveyed areas, i.e., the middle reaches in Jangheung-gun and the lower reaches in Gangjin-gun, of Tamjin-gang, and their densities were 147 and 121 per fish infected. In susceptible fishes from Tamjin-gang, the prevalence was 84.1% and density was 227 per fish infected. By the present study, it was confirmed that MsMc is highly prevalent in the fishes from Seomjin-gang and Tamjin-gang in Korea.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 1985

A decade ago a survey on the population-base incidence rate of anthracite coal gas (mainly carbon monoxide) poisonig in Seoul area was investigated, resulting in the incidence rate of 306/10,000 risk population and 1 death/10,000. Another survey on the carbon monoxide poisoning was investigated during 1 year period from Apr. 1983 to Mar. 1984. Total subjects of risk population were 67,740 households covering 353,287 persons. The major findings of this survey are as follows: 1. Household-base incidence rate was 8.4% spell-base 10.4%. 2. The incidence rate was the highest in houses having each of slate roof, cement wall, vinyl floor of bedroom and direct 'ondol' heating system. 3. Average 2.1 person was attacked from one incidence of the poisoning; severity-wise person-base incidence rates per 10,000 were 352 in mild poisoning, 54 in severe poisoning and 1.4 in death-overall incidence rate 407. Several facts were identified which supported that this figure was moderately underestimated. As the incidence of the poisoning is affected by socioeconomic and environmental factors, it is natural that one expects the incidence will decrease in proportion to genernal improvement of the above factors. Thus the results of these two surveys seemed preposterous. But further study suggested that the incidence rate (306/10,000) decade before had been significantly underestimated and corrected-rate should have been 478/10,000 level. 4. Age and sex distribution by the degree of the poisoning was uniform with little statistical difference; overall incidence rates by sex were 339/10,000 in male and 475/10,000 in female with significant statistical difference(p<.01). 5. 5.3% of the patients were treated at hospital or local clinic; 3.0% of the patients were hospitalized. Admission rate in comatose patient(severe poisoning) was 14.2%. In conclusion, carbon monoxide poisoning remains a major health problem by now.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.121-126
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• 2020

이 연구는 화재진압 및 구조·구급현장에서 응급환자 대응을 위한 골든타임 확보를 위한 해결방안을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 골든타임은 법제적, 사회적 공감 뿐 아니라 시스템 구축을 위한 정책적 방안이 필요하며, 선행연구들을 통해 긴급차량 우선교통신호시스템 도입의 필요성과 적용가능성은 끊임없이 언급되어왔다. 이에 본 연구는 2017년 4월 3일부터 2017년 4월 28일까지 26일간 일개 도시에서 시행된 긴급차량 우선교통신호시스템 시범 운영사례를 분석하였다. 119신고 접수는 총 58건으로 그 중 우선교통신호시스템이 반영된 화재출동이 16건, 구급출동이 11건이었다. 출동시간은 화재출동이 평균 3 min 50 s, 구급출동은 평균 3 min 50 s로 단축되었다. 차량정체에 따른 불편신고 접수는 총 4건이었으며, 전년도 동기간 대비 6건의 교통사고가 총 1건으로 줄었다. 본 연구결과 시범 운영기간동안 도출된 문제점과 개선사항을 보완하면 골든타임 확보를 위한 긴급차량 우선교통신호시스템이 효과적으로 운영될 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.1428-1432
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• 2002

Thirty-six (20 wethers and 16 rams) adult Gansu highland finewool sheep with an average liveweight of $19.42{\pm}1.83kg$ were used. The sheep were allocated to 4 treatments and confined in individual feeding stalls. The 80 day feeding trial was divided into 2 periods of 38 and 42 days. The sheep had access to clean water and were fed chopped wheat straw ad libitum. Daily supplemented diets of 150 g for the first period and 200 g for the later period were provided. The 4 types of supplements were: Wheat bran type (I), which is the traditional feeding practice in the area and the control group; Linseed cake type (II); Linseed cake+poultry litter type (III); Poultry litter+distiller grains type (IV). The digestibility trial was conducted using a total collection method at the end of the first period in the feeding trial. The results showed that the digestibilities of DM, OM, CP, CF, NDF and ADF in group II and III were increased to more than 50%. CP and NDF digestibility in group II were significantly increased by 23.6% and 25.5% respectively over group I (p<0.01) and by 10.1% and 13.1% respectively over group III (p<0.05). The digestibility of DM, OM, CP, CF, NDF and ADF in group IV was lower than group I by 4.4 to 8.4% (p>0.05). Compared to group I, group II and III increased straw intake by 17.6% (p<0.01) and 10.8% (p<0.05). The ADG increased from 16.2 g in group I to 45.3 g and 32.8 g (p<0.01) in group II and III respectively. The ratio of supplement intake to gain decreased from 10.7 in group I to 3.9 and 5.4 (p<0.01) in group II and III respectively. The ratio of supplement cost to gain also decreased by 60.0% and 64.3%, respectively. The wool growth rate and wool strength in these 2 groups were noticeably improved. This significantly enhanced the wool's textile value. The above parameters in group IV were lower than in group I, except the ratio of supplement cost to gain. This research indicates that local low quality nitrogen resources could be used effectively and economically to improve the utilization of wheat straw fed to sheep on smallholder farms under harsh loess plateau conditions in the winter.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.1433-1438
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• 2002

The study was carried out to evaluate leucaena seeds as a protein replacement of mustard seed cake (MSC) in the concentrate mixture of growing lambs. Fifteen owing male lambs (Local${\times}$Corridale) with an average body weight of 16.3 kg were allocated into three dietary treatments (T1, T2, and T3) with five animals in each group. Animals were offered dry mixed grass, berseem hay and concentrate mixture to meet their nutrient requirements. In concentrate mixture of T1, (Control) MSC was used as protein source, while in T2 and T3 groups, 25 and 50% of MSC was replaced by leucaena leucocephala seeds. On completion of three months (90 days) of feeding, a digestion cum-metabolism trial was conducted to determine DMI, nutrient utilization, and nitrogen balance. Changes in body weight were recorded at 15 day internals and eating patterns were recorded for 3 consecutive days at the end of the feeding trial. MSC had higher CP contents than leucaena seeds (27.0%). Mimosine contents in leucaena seeds were 1.1 compared to 0.2 and 0.4% in concentrate mixture of T2 and T3 group, respectively. Dry matter intake varied non-significantly ($79.3{\pm}1.2$ to $83.4{\pm}1.3g/kg$ $w^{0.75}$) across the dietary treatments. Digestibility of DM and cell wall polysaccharides (NDF, ADF. Cellulose and hemicellulose) were comparable, however CP digestibility was relatively lower in leucaena luecocephala seeds based groups (T2 $45.5{\pm}1.7$ and T3 $46.7{\pm}3.5$) compared to MSC supplemented group (T1 $47.7{\pm}0.9%$). The growth rate of lambs was non-significantly higher in T1 ($79.2{\pm}5.4$) compared to T2 ($73.8{\pm}8.8$) and T3 ($73.9{\pm}7.0$), respectively. The animals were in positive nitrogen balance and N-balance varied from 1.8 to 2.9 g/d across treatment groups. The eating rate (% of total offered) of concentrate up-to 15 min was relatively higher in T1 (82.4) than T2 (74.2) and T3 (77.8%). However no effect of leucaena seeds was recorded on total DMI of animals. The results of the study revealed that the inclusion of up to 50% leucaena seeds, as protein source in concentrate mixture of lambs had no adverse effect on DMI, nutrient utilization, eating patterns, nitrogen balance and growth performance of lambs.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.773-798
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• 2012

이 연구는 포괄보조금제도하에 효율적인 농산어촌지역개발사업의 추진을 위하여 지역개발사업의 수혜자이자 참여자로서 지역주민만족을 설명하기 위하여 요인분석을 수행하였다. 부여지역을 사례지역으로 부여읍과 13개의 면에 거주하는 353명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며 분석에는 SPSSWIN을 사용하였다. 분석결과 부여군에서 지역개발사업의 만족도는 전체평균은 3.16 으로 비교적 만족하고 있는 것으로 나타나고 있으며 12개의 변수들은 3가지의 요인으로 묶여지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 요인 1은 '교통편의', '교육환경', '사회복지', '문화 및 여가활동', '정보통신', '보건 및 의료서비스'의 변수 즉, 편리한 삶, 안정된 삶, 즐기는 삶과 건강한 삶을 나타내는 변수가 공통된 범주로 묶이고, 요인 2는 '범죄 및 사고', '환경관리', '이웃관계 및 사회참여'의 변수 즉, 안전한 삶, 쾌적한 삶과 즐기는 삶을 나타내는 변수를 공통된 범주로 묶이고, 요인 3은 '소득 및 소비활동'과 '일자리창출'을 나타내는 경제적인 삶과 '주거환경'이 공통된 범주로 묶였다.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2007

시/주파수 분석은 생체 신호 처리에서 널리 사용되어왔다. 전기 생리학적 신호로부터 중요한 특징들을 추출함으로써 이 방법들은 특정 질병의 임상 병리학적 기전 해석이 가능하다. 하지만 이 방법은 신호가 안정하다는 가정 아래 적용되었으며 불안정한 시스템에서의 적용은 제한이 되어 있다. 본 연구에서는 비선형적이고 비정상적인 심실세동 심전도 파형의 분석을 위해 Hilbert-Huang 변환을 사용한 새로운 신호처리 방법을 제안하였다. Hilbert-Huang 변환은 경험모드분리법(EMD)과 힐버트 변환으로 크게 두 가지로 구성된다. Hilbert-Huang 변환은 EMD를 사용하여 각각의 특성을 지니고 있는 독립적인 내부모드함수들로 나누어지며, 힐버트 변환에 의해 순간 주파수와 크기를 구할 수 있게 된다. 이런 특성으로 신호의 국부적인 작용에 대하여 정확하게 설명할 수 있게 된다. 본 연구에서는 Hilbert-Huang 변환을 기반으로 심실세동 심전도 파형으로부터 두 종류의 파라미터(EMD-IF, EMD-FFT)를 추출하고 서포트 벡터 머신(Support Vector Machine)을 이용하여 소생성공 및 실패 여부 예측에 관하여 연구하였다. 평균적으로 민감도와 특이도는 각각 87.57%와 76.92%로 나타났다. Hilbert-Huang 변환은 더욱 정확하게 심실세동에서의 소생성공 예측을 가능하게 하였다.