• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제26권5호
• /
• pp.377-384
• /
• 2020

A two-dimensional particle flow cod (PFC) is used to study the effect of missile impact on the concrete target. For this purpose firstly calibration of numerical model was performed so that tensile strength of numerical models and experimental sample were the same. Secondly, a concrete model was built. The number of concrete layers and the angle of concrete layers related to horizontal axis were changed. Their numbers were 1, 2, 3 and 4. The angles were 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75° and 90°. A semi-circle missile was simulated at top of the concrete layers. Its velocity in opposite side of Y direction was 100 m/s. three measuring circles were situated at the below the missile in the model to receive the applied force. The load in the missile and measuring circles together with failure pattern were registered at the beginning of the impaction. The results show that concrete layers number and concrete layers angle have important effect on the failure load while the failure pattern was nearly constant in all of the models.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
• /
• 제48권5호
• /
• pp.502-507
• /
• 1999

An improved, accurate and reliable high-voltage measuring system utilizing a bushing-type capacitor is proposed in this study. This system measures voltages and phase angles of three-phase 22.9 kV power distribution lines and provides enough current to charge a battery for a motor-driven load switch and to operate the measuring and communication circuits for the distribution automation. For reliability, epoxy resin was used as the dielectric material of the bushing-type capacitor since the dielectric strength of epoxy resin is very stable over the wide range of temperature. Capacitances were investigated and found to be stable over the wide range of temperature and applied voltage, and the results indicate that the proposed measurement system is very reliable.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.215-221
• /
• 2017

An electromagnetic (EM) wave absorber reduces the possibility of radar detection by minimizing the radar cross section (RCS) of structures. In this study, a radar absorbing structure (RAS) was applied to the leading edge of a blended wing body aircraft to reduce RCS in X-band (8.2~12.4GHz) radar. The RAS was composed of a periodic pattern resistive sheet with conductive lossy material and glass-fiber/epoxy composite as a spacer. The applied RAS is a multifunctional composite structure which has both electromagnetic (EM) wave absorbing ability and load-bearing ability. A two dimensional unit absorber was designed first in a flat-plate shape, and then the fabricated leading edge structure incorporating the above RAS was investigated, using simulated and free-space measured reflection loss data from the flat-plate absorber. The leading edge was implemented on the aircraft, and its RCS was measured with respect to various azimuth angles in both polarizations (VV and HH). The RCS reduction effect of the RAS was evaluated in comparison with a leading edge of carbon fabric reinforced plastics (CFRP). The designed leading edge structure was examined through static structural analysis for various aircraft load cases to check structural integrity in terms of margin of safety. The mechanical and structural characteristics of CFRP, RAS and CFRP with RAM structures were also discussed in terms of their weight.

• 동력기계공학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.25-33
• /
• 2018

The safety of structure was evaluated by taking into consideration the complex marine environmental conditions of the Lattice boom crane, which is widely used in offshore plants due to less influence by wind. CFX analysis was carried out to take into account the influence of wind speed, and the result was applied as a boundary condition to perform static analysis according to the luffing angles of $28^{\circ}$, $61^{\circ}$, and $80^{\circ}$ in the on board and off board, respectively. In addition, the Lattice Boom Crane is large slender structure, and the possibility of buckling is interpreted under three conditions where the biggest stress occurs. All conditions satisfied the safety requirements of the Classification Regulations. Also, as a result of the buckling analysis, the load less than the critical load was applied so buckling does not occur.

• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.77-85
• /
• 2014

This study set out to predict the load capacity and rotordynamic coefficients of tilting-pad journal bearings, taking the pivot stiffness into account. The analysis uses rocker-back (cylindrical) and ball in socket (spherical) pivot models, both of which are based on Hertzian contact stress theory. The models ascertain the non-linear elastic deformation of the pivots according to the applied load, pivot geometry, and material properties. At present, the Reynolds equation for an isothermal, isoviscous, and incompressible fluid is used to calculate the film pressure by using the finite-element method, after which the Newton-Raphson method is used to simultaneously find the journal center location, pad angles, and pivot deflections. The bearing analysis, excluding the pivot models, is validated using predictions those are readily available in the literature. As the rotor speed increases, the predicted journal eccentricity and damping coefficients decrease, but the stiffness coefficients increase, as expected. Most importantly, the implementation of the pivot models increases the journal eccentricity but significantly decreases the stiffness and damping coefficients of the tilting-pad journal bearings.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제74권5호
• /
• pp.601-609
• /
• 2020

In this article, the Strain Energy Density (SED) averaged over a well-defined control volume at a notch edge was applied in combination with the Equivalent Material Concept (EMC) to assess the fracture behaviors of some keyhole-notched specimens made of a High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE-PE80) material under mixed-mode loading conditions. An experimental program was performed and 54 new experimental data were totally provided. Additionally, different loading mode ratios were regarded by changing the inclination angles of the notches with respect to the applied load directions. The results obtained from the determined criteria were in good agreement with those of the experimental data.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제39권9호
• /
• pp.859-869
• /
• 2015

횡등방성 압전재료에 기하학적 비대칭인 쐐기균열문제를 해석하였다. 기계적 집중면외하중과 전기적 집중 면내하중이 쐐기표면 점에 작용하고 있고, 반면에 균열면 한점에는 기계적 집중하중만 작용한다. 균열면은 침투형 얇은 슬릿으로 가정하여, 전기변위의 수직성분 및 전위가 균열면을 가로질러 연속으로 두었다. Mellin 변환을 사용하여 문제를 수식화하고, Wiener-Hopf 식을 유도하였다. 이 식을 풀므로써 폐형으로 주어지는 해를 얻었다. 임의 균열길이나 경사각, 쐐기각에 대해서도 적용이 가능한 응력 및 전기변위 강도계수를 구하였다. 장의 강도계수들은 전기적 하중에는 무관하고, 전기변위강도계수는 응력강도계수만의 함수로 표현되었다. 전기장 강도계수는 영으로 계산되었다. 또한 에너지방출률을 얻었다. 이 해는 중첩에 의하여 임의로 분포하는 전기기계하중문제에 대한 해를 제공하는 기본해로 사용될 수 있다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제13권7호
• /
• pp.2858-2864
• /
• 2012

곡선보 (curved beam)의 내평면 모멘트 및 등분포하중 하에서 평면내 (in-plane) 좌굴 (buckling)을 미분구적법(DQM)을 이용하여 해석하였다. 다양한 경계조건 (boundary conditions)과 굽힘각 (opening angles)에 따른 임계모멘트 및 임계하중을 계산하였다. DQM의 해석결과는 해석적 해답 (exact solution) 결과와 비교하였으며, DQM은 적은 요소 (grid points)를 사용하여 정확한 해석결과를 보여주었다. 두 경계조건(고정-고정, 단순지지-고정)하에서 새 결과를 또한 제시하였다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• 제35권4호
• /
• pp.244-266
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study is to estimate the wear volumes of engine journal bearings operating at variable angular velocity of a shaft in the beginning of firing start-up cycle. To do this, first we find the potential region of wear scar on engine journal bearings where the applied bearing load and crank shaft velocity are variable. The potential wear regions are discovered by finding minimum oil film thickness at every crank angle existing below most oil film thickness scaring wear (MOFTSW) obtained based on the concept of the centerline average surface roughness. Then we calculate the wear volume from the wear depth and two wear angles decided by the magnitude of each film thickness lower than MOFTSW at every crank angle. The results show that the expected wear region is located at a few bearing angles after and/or behind the upper center of a big-end bearing and the lower center of a main bearing. And the real wear region is similar to the estimated wear region. Further we find that the wear scar on an engine journal bearing may occur at re-starting time after switch-off of a start motor especially under the condition of high oil temperature.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.11-17
• /
• 2009

Background: The purpose of this study was designed to find out the effectiveness of reposition sense, muscle fatigue response on lumbar spine after apply lumbosacral stabilization exercise program to 4 patients with chronic low back pain and for 12 weeks. Method: In this study the reposition sense was measured in 3 angle(60, 30, 12) of the lumbar spine motion with blind by MedX test machine and the difference of instability to lumbar vertebra segments in flexion, extension test of standing position and spinal load test Mattress Test by Spinal Mouse. The stabilization exercise program was applied 2 times a week for 12 weeks in hospital and 2 times a day for 20 minutes at home. Result: The results of the present study were that the repositioning sense was appeared the most error in 12 angles of lumbar flexion and Men was appeared to decrease an error more than female in average value of 4 angles after 12 weeks. And average error of male was decrease more than female. Thus the effects of lumbosacral stabilization exercise was improved repositioning sense of prorioceptor. Fatigue response test(FRT) results, in male, was raised muscle fatigue rate during increase weight, on the other hand female appeared lower than male. Conclusion: As a results, lumbosacral stabilization exercise was aided to improvement of lumbar spine repositioning sense and vertebra segments stabilization. It was showed the rate of decrease in typically 12 degree angle point of each 3 angle(60, 36, 12). Especially, that spine instability patients will have a risk when in lifting a load or working with slight flexion posture around 12 degree during the daily of living life and it is probably to increase recurrence rate. Thus, not only lumbar extension muscle strength but also stability of vertebra segments in lumbar spine may be very important.