• 생약학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.197-200
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• 1983

This study is concerned with quality and analysis of nutritive value of commercially available honey and pollen load. Of thirteen kind of commercially available honeys, acid levels were less than KP IV standard. Color reaction for ammonia, resorcine and varium chloride was negative and trace of starch and dextrine was not detected. There were no extraneous materials in honey samples. Specific gravity of sample was slightly higher than KP IV standard. Total ash lied between 0.01 and 0.15% of honey weight which was less than KP IV standard, except 0.56% of Castanea Honey. Studies on mineral compositions (AAS) for honeys and pollen loads showed that $Na^+,\;K^+,\;Ca^{2+},\;Fe^{2+}\;Cu^{2+}\;and\;CO^{2+}$ were the most commonly occuring minerals. Pollen loads showed higher levels of mineral contents than honeys. Castanea Honey revealed rich in minerals. $Cd^{2+}\;and\;Pb^{2+}$ were found relatively higher level in Robinia Honey. Reducing sugar level showed $60{\sim}70$ in honeys and $25{\sim}30$ in pollen loads. Non reducing sugar varied between 2 to 7% in pollen loads.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.86-96
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• 2010

The paper describes development and evaluation of a simple method for determining gradient of modified linear setpoint variation to reduce peak electrical cooling demand in buildings using building precooling and setpoint adjustment. The method is an approximated approach for minimizing electrical cooling demand during occupied period in buildings and involves modified linear adjustment of cooling setpoint temperature between $26^{\circ}C$ and $28^{\circ}C$. The gradient of linear variation or final time of linear increase is determined based on the cooling load shape in conventional cooling control having a constant setpoint temperature. The potential to reduce peak cooling demand using the simple method was evaluated through building simulation for a calibrated office building model considering four different weather conditions. The simple method showed about 30% and 20% in terms of reducing peak cooling demand and chiller power consumption, respectively, compared to the conventional control.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.409-426
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• 2018

This paper presents the strengthening of tubular joint by wrapping Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) and glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP). In this study, total number of layers, stacking sequence and length of wrapping are the different parameters involved when fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) composites are used for strengthening. For this, parameters where varied and results were compared with the reference joint. The best stacking sequence was identified which has the highest value in ultimate load with lesser deflections. For determining the best stacking sequence, numerical investigation was performed on CFRP composites; length of wrapping and number of layers were fixed. Later, the studies were focused on CFRP and GFRP strengthened joint by varying the total number of layers and length of wrapping. An attempt was done to propose a parametric equation from multiple regression analysis, which can be used for CFRP strengthened joints. Hashin failure criteria was used to check the failure of composites. Results revealed that FRP was having a greater influence in the load bearing capacity of joints, and in reducing the deflections and stresses of joint under axial compressive loads. It was also seen that, CFRP was far better than GFRP in reducing the stresses and deflection.

• 한국인공지능학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2023

With the continuous growth in the amount of data collected and analyzed, deep learning has become increasingly popular for extracting meaningful insights from various fields. However, hardware limitations pose a challenge for achieving meaningful results with limited data. To address this challenge, this paper proposes an algorithm that leverages the characteristics of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to reduce the size of image datasets by 20% through smoothing and shrinking the size of images using color elements. The proposed algorithm reduces the learning time and, as a result, the computational load on hardware. The experiments conducted in this study show that the proposed method achieves effective learning with similar or slightly higher accuracy than the original dataset while reducing computational and time costs. This color-centric dataset construction method using image smoothing techniques can lead to more efficient learning on CNNs. This method can be applied in various applications, such as image classification and recognition, and can contribute to more efficient and cost-effective deep learning. This paper presents a promising approach to reducing the computational load and time costs associated with deep learning and provides meaningful results with limited data, enabling them to apply deep learning to a broader range of applications.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.92-100
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• 2002

The advent or high-strength steel has enabled the arch structures to be relatively light, durable and long-spanned by reducing the cross sectional area. On the other hand, the possibility of collapse may be increased due to the slender members which may cause the stability problems. The limit analysis to estimate the ultimate load is based on the concept of collapse mechanism that forms the plastic zone through the full transverse sections. So, it is not appropriate to apply it directly to the instability analysis of arch structures that are composed with compressive members. The objective of this study is to evaluate the ultimate load carrying capacity of the parabolic arch by using the elasto-plastic finite element model. As the rise to span ratio (h/L) varies from 0.0 to 0.5 with the increment of 0.05, the ultimate load has been calculated fur arch structures subjected to uniformly distributed vertical loads. Also, the disco-elasto-plastic analysis has been carried out to find the duration time until the behavior of arch begins to show the stable state when the estimated ultimate load is applied. It may be noted that the maximum ultimate lead of the parabolic arch occurs at h/L=0.2, and the appropriate ratio can be recommended between 0.2 and 0.3. Moreover, it is shown that the circular arch may be more suitable when the h/L ratio is less than 0.2, however, the parabolic arch can be suggested when the h/L ratio is greater than 0.3. The ultimate load carrying capacity of parabolic arch can be estimated by the well-known formula of kEI/L$^3$where the values of k have been reported in this study. In addition, there is no general tendency to obtain the duration time of arch structures subjected to the ultimate load in order to reach the steady state. Merely, it is observed that the duration time is the shortest when the h/L ratio is 0.1, and the longest when the h/L ratio is 0.2.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.257-264
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• 2012

Objectives: This study's aims were to evaluate the effects of load center of gravity within an object lifted and feet placements on peak EMG amplitude acting on bilateral low back muscle groups, and to suggest adequate foot strategies with an aim to reducing low back pain incidence while lifting asymmetric load. Methods: The hypotheses that asymmetric load imposes more peak EMG amplitude on low back muscles contralateral to load center of gravity than symmetric load and maximum peak EMG amplitude out of bilateral ones can be relieved by locating one foot close to load center of gravity in front of the other were established based on biomechanics including safety margin model and previous researches. 11 male subjects were required to lift symmetrically a 15.8kg object during 2sec according to each conditions; symmetric load-parallel feet (SP), asymmetric load-parallel feet (AP), asymmetric load-one foot contralateral to load center of gravity in front of the other (AL), and asymmetric load-one foot ipsilateral to load center of gravity in front of the other (AR). Bilateral longissimus, iliocostalis, and multifidus on right and left low back area were selected as target muscles, and asymmetric load had load center of gravity 10cm deviated to the right from the center in the frontal plane. Results: Greater peak EMG amplitude in left muscle group than in right one was observed due to the effect of load center of gravity, and mean peak EMG amplitudes on both sides was not affected by load center of gravity because of EMG balancing effect. However, the difference of peak EMG amplitudes between both sides was significantly affected by it. Maximum peak EMG amplitude out of both sides and the difference of peak EMG amplitude between both sides could be reduced with keeping one foot ipsilateral to load center of gravity in front of the other while lifting asymmetric load. Conclusions: It was likely that asymmetric load lead to the elevated incidence of low back pain in comparison with symmetric load based on maximum peak EMG amplitude occurrence and greater imbalanced peak EMG amplitude between both sides. Changing feet positions according to the location of load center of gravity was suggested as one intervention able to reduce the low back pain incidence.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.59-70
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• 1996

도로성토 하중저감공법중의 하나인 EPS공법은 초 경량재(20~30kg/m3)로서 연약지반상에 성토재로 사용하여 지반의 유효응력 증가분을 최소화함으로써 지지력과 침하에 대한 안정성을 쉽게 확보할 수 있고, 옹벽.교대등의 구조물 뒤채움재나 응급 복구용 채움재로 활용할 경우 토압 경감효과를 기대할 수 있다. 그러나 아직까지 국내에서는 공학적 성토 재료로서 활용하기 위한 물성 시험 방법이 정확히 확립되어 있지 않고 보온 재료로서의 시험 방법 및 품질 규정만이 KS에 규정되어 있다. 그로 인해 생산되는 EPS의 체계적인 토질공학적 시험 데이터 없이 성토 재료로 사용하고 있는 실정이다.따라서 본 연구에서는 공학적 재료로 활용하기 위해 필요한 강도특성, 변형특성, 흡수특성, 크리프특성 등에 대해 시험을 통하여 공학적 특성을 규명하였고, 보다 적합한 품질 규정의 제정 필요성과 일축압축강도에 의한 설계기준강도를 제안하였다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.71-90
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• 2003

In recent years, high-strength, light-weight materials have been widely used in the construction of high-rise buildings. Such structures generally have flexible, low-damping characteristics. Consequently, wind-induced oscillation greatly affects the structural safety and the comfort of the building's occupants. In this research, wind tunnel experiments were carried out to study the wind-induced vibration of a building with a tuned liquid column damper (TLCD). Then, a model for predicting the aerodynamic response in the across-wind direction was generated. Finally, a computing procedure was developed for the analytical modeling of the structural oscillation in a building with a TLCD under the wind load. The model agrees substantially with the experimental results. Therefore, it may be used to accurately calculate the structural response. Results from this investigation show that the TLCD is more advantageous for reducing the across-wind vibration than the along-wind oscillation. When the across-wind aerodynamic effects are considered, the TLCD more effectively controls the aerodynamic response. Moreover, it is also more useful in suppressing the acceleration than the displacement in biaxial directions. As s result, TLCDs are effective devices for reducing the wind-induced vibration in buildings. Parametric studies have also been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the TLCD in suppressing the structural oscillation. This study may help engineers to more correctly predict the aerodynamic response of high-rise buildings as well as select the most appropriate TLCDs for reducing the structural vibration under the wind load. It may also improve the understanding of wind-structure interactions and wind resistant designs for high-rise buildings.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2022

최근 상변화메모리와 같은 고속 스토리지 매체의 출현으로 느린 디스크 스토리지에 적합하게 설계된 메모리 관리 기법에 대한 재고가 필요한 시점에 이르렀다. 본 논문에서는 상변화메모리를 가상메모리의 스왑장치로 이용하는 시스템을 위한 새로운 페이지 교체 정책을 제안한다. 제안하는 방식은 페이지 교체 정책이 전통적으로 추구하던 페이지 폴트 횟수 절감뿐 아니라 스왑 장치에 발생하는 쓰기량 절감을 동시에 추구한다. 이는 상변화메모리의 쓰기 연산이 느리고 쓰기 횟수에 제한이 있다는 점에 착안한 것이다. 구체적으로 살펴보면 메모리 부하가 높은 경우 페이지 폴트를 줄이는 데에 초점을 맞추고 메모리 공간에 여유가 있을 경우 스토리지 쓰기량을 줄이는 적응적인 방식을 채택한다. 이를 통해 제안하는 정책이 메모리 시스템의 성능을 저하시키지 않으면서 스토리지 쓰기량을 크게 절감함을 다양한 워크로드의 메모리 참조 트레이스를 재현하는 시뮬레이션 실험을 통해 보인다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.1001-1008
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• 2015

모바일 애드 혹 네트워크(Mobile Ad hoc Network)는 유동성을 가진 노드들로 구성된 네트워크로써 각 노드들은 라우팅의 역할을 하여 통신기반 시설이 없어도 스스로 네트워크를 구축하는 기능을 가진다. 이러한 모바일 애드 혹 네트워크에서는 노드의 유동성에 의한 토폴로지의 변화가 빈번하며, 토폴로지의 변화를 줄이기 위해 계층적 네트워크에 대한 연구가 진행되었다. 계층적 네트워크에서 클러스터 멤버노드는 클러스터 헤드노드를 통해 통신하며, 클러스터 헤드노드의 패킷 저장 공간에 비해 수신 받은 패킷의 양이 초과하였을 경우, 소속된 클러스터 멤버노드는 패킷을 베이스스테이션에게 전송할 수 없다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 본 논문에서는 로드밸런싱을 이용하여 분산노드를 선정하는 Load Tolerance(LT)알고리즘을 제안한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 알고리즘은 클러스터 멤버노드가 로드밸런싱이 집중되어 있는 클러스터 헤드노드에 의해 통신을 할 수 없는 경우, 선정된 LT노드를 통해 지속적인 통신을 하는 알고리즘이다. 모의실험 결과, 클러스터가 형성된 계층적 네트워크에서 제안된 알고리즘의 전송률이 향상됨을 확인하였다.