• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.332-341
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• 2006

The goal of this study was to determine a method of reducing food wastes in the dietary home lifestyle. Statistical analyses were conducted of 491 questionnaires answered by housekeepers living in Daejeon city. The data were analyzed by SAS program and the results are summarized as follows. Among the respondents, 51.53% answered that they purchased the foods in consideration of the family number, 60.45% that they occasionally throw away foods because the date of expiry had passed, i.e., the foods threw away by mistake of storage, 68.23% that they make side dishes at a time for three meals in a day, 52.95% that they make three or four kinds of side dishes, 82.28% that they prepared meals according to the favorite foods of the family, 48.04% that they left food at home, and 47.32% that they threw away foods because too many foods had been prepared. The major reasons for food wastes at home were listed as meal leftovers (32.72%), vegetable trimming (31.29%), and non-planned purchase (25.77 %). The perception of housekeepers on the reduction of food waste were listed as the preparation of accurate meal quantity (50.92%), planned purchase (28.31%), development of recycling foods (14.05%), and reduction of side dishes (6.72%). Further reduction of food wastes of dietary home lifestyle can be summarized to emphasize the preparation of accurate meal quantity, planned purchase, development of recycling foods, and reduction of side dishes. In addition, studies should be conducted to examine the systematic administration method and standard education for the reduction of food wastes.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.304-311
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• 2020

Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are prebiotics that have a beneficial effect on human health by promoting the growth of probiotic bacteria in the gut, in addition to having various applications in the food industry. GOS are generally produced from lactose in a reaction catalyzed by β-galactosidase. Synthesis of GOS from whey permeate (WP) (ultrafiltration of whey, concentrated then spray dried) using surface engineered β-galactosidase in Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris) is a novel method to convert waste into a valuable product. Cell-surface display is the expression of peptides and proteins on the surface of living cells by fusing them to functional components of cells. Surface engineered cells have many potential uses. The Flo1p flocculation functional domain, thought to be located near the N terminus, recognizes and adheres non-covalently to cell-wall components such as α-mannan carbohydrates, causing reversible aggregation of cells into flocs.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.321-327
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• 2020

Recently The amount of wastewater and linked wastewater is being increased every year due to industrial development, population growth, and improvement in living standards. Linked wastewater shows the feature-low flow rate and high concentration. Therefore, it has been shown that it has a great impact on the operation of the sewage treatment plant and costs a lot for treating linked wastewater. In this study, a scenario with low increase of water quality when the total amount of the inflow of linked wastewater was entered into individual reactors is obtained. According to the result of modeling, The effluent water quality get the least increment once the water was introduced into the influent and anoxic tank. We generated the various scenarios Based on these results. scenarios are varying according to inflow from linked waste water's distribution ration. As a result of modeling through various scenarios, it was found that the increment of TN and TP were at the least when the inflow of linked water was distributed with ratio between sewage (80%) and oxygen-free tank (20%).

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.103-107
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• 2003

Entomopathogenic nematodes were isolated through the investigation in soils collected from cultivated and non-cultivated fields using silkworms (Bombyx mori) and Galleria mellonella trap. The detectable rate of entomopathogenic nematodes of silkworms trap was higher than the G. mellonella trap. This study indicates the detection of entomopathogenic nematodes from soils that silkworms are sensitive superior to the G. mellonella to entomopathogenic nematodes. The steinernema, rhabditidae, and diplogatroidae strains successfully cultured on the silkworms host as well as on artificial media. Reproductivity in the living silkworm larva and pupa was 1.5 to 3.5${\times}$ 10$\^$5/ nematodes per host However, G. mellonella could be multiplied less than 5${\times}$l0$\^$5/ nematodes. The dried pupa of the silkworm following mositurize was cultured 0.5 to 2${\times}$10$\^$5/) nematodes per host. The culture methods of the steinernema, rhabditidae, and diplogatroidae strains, using silkworm powder, extracted chicken intestine, and food waste fertilizer could be applicative, but rate of reproduction was low.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.63-77
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• 2019

Traditional wastewater research mainly focuses on 1) estimating the amount of waste entering sewage treatment facilities, 2) evaluating the treatment efficiency of sewage facilities, 3) investigating the role of sewage treatment effluent as a point source, and 4) designing and managing sewage treatment facilities. However, since wastewater contains a variety of chemical and biological substances due to the discharge of human excreta and material used for daily living into it, the collective constituents of wastewater are likely a reflection of a community's status. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE), an emerging and promising field of study that involves the analysis of substances in wastewater, can be applied to monitor the state of a defined community. WBE provides opportunities for exploiting indicators in wastewater to fulfill various objectives. The data analyzed under WBE are those pertaining to selected natural and anthropogenic substances in wastewater that are a result of the discharge of metabolic excreta, illicit or legal drugs, and infectious pathogens into the wastewater. This paper reviews recent progress in WBE and addresses current challenges in the field. It primarily discusses several representative applications including the investigation of drug consumption across different communities and the management of community disease and health. Finally, it summarizes established indicators for WBE.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.15-25
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• 2018

This study was designed to understand the change of rural landscape and to consider problems followed by development restrictions lifted for Neobiul Village in Ansan City, Korea. Physical landscape changes were comprehended by a field study and interview with local residents, and the residents' perception regarding the landscape changes were analyzed with the REP investigation method. The results can be summarized into the following three points: First, due to the lift of development restrictions and the deregulation of land use, the number of factories and warehouses for rent increased, which became a new source of income for the village. Second, the residents' complaints increased due to the increased traffic volume and waste from a sudden influx of factories and warehouses, which could not be handled by a small farming village. Third, a mix of landscape combining both city and farming village was formed due to the influx of external capital and the need of rental income, although the residents rather wanted Neobiul Village to become a residential village than a factory location. Furthermore, even in the farmlands near the village where development restrictions have not been lifted, the level of dependence on the farming industry has decreased as a consequence of the increase in farmland rent and weekend farms. This paper confirmed that the change of rural landscape followed by lifted development restrictions affects the everyday life of residents living in Neobiul Village. This study has significant implications in that it suggests a case showing the effects of national policies such as lifting development restrictions for rural villages in suburban areas.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2021

Due to rapid industrial development, population growth, and improvement of living standards, the amount of sewage and wastewater, including nutrients, is increasing every year. In addition to the increasing amount of sewage and wastewater generation, untreated linked treated water (manure, livestock manure, industrial wastewater, leachate, food waste) is also increasing, and many of the linked treated water flows directly into nearby sewage treatment plants. The associated treated water causes many problems because of its own characteristics, low flow rate with high concentration compared to existing inflow sewage. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to investigate the quantity and quality of the connected treated water whichh is flowed into the sewage treatment plant, and a study the effect on sewage treatment. Therefore, in this paper, we would like to examine the effect of the linked treated water. Seasonal effect associated with water pollution conditions was considered. In addition, a scenario was created through the distribution and inflow of connected treated water along with the water temperature conditions. Through scenario analysis, we intend to optimize the operating conditions of linked processing.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.46-53
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• 2021

Biomass can be considered as chemical energy obtained from nature, and includes all living organisms such as plants, animals, and microorganisms. Biomass is eco-friendly, is easily obtainable from the environment, and can be recycled without special treatment processes. Biomass can also be converted into bioenergy fuel through pyrolysis and fermentation. Therefore, it has been considered as a renewable energy source, which prevents the depletion of natural resources such as fossil fuels. In this study, torrefaction to increase the carbon content in various types of biomass sources (sawdust, rice straw, rice bristles, coffee ground, and waste wood) was conducted under an inert atmosphere and at a temperature of 523~573K. The possibility of using torrefied biomass as an alternative to solid fuel for industrial purposes was analyzed by examining the carbon concentration and combustion behaviors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.27 no.2_2
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• pp.475-485
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• 2024

In many regions of Korea, including the Four Major Rivers, the seriousness of the problem of algal blooms due to eutrophication of water quality is being raised.In this study, in order to solve these social problems, we manufactured a filter using natural mineral fusion (red illite, zeolite, germanium ceramic, selenium ceramic, carbon ceramic) and independently developed a tank system for green algae experiments to observe and determine the stages of change in water quality. In order to study ways to improve water quality through quantitative analysis, 1 ton of severely polluted green algae water from the Nak dong River region was stored in a water tank and exposed to ultraviolet rays in the same environment as the Nak dong River. Then, the same environment as the Nak dong River was created. The results were derived from a 5-week water quality test. The results of this experiment confirmed that green-colored cyano bacteria were significantly reduced just by the turbidity results. The results were obtained through a request to the Korea Testing & Research Institute located in Changwon-si, Gyeong sang nam-do. CI-(chlorine ion) and NH3-N(ammonia nitrogen) had the effect of saving every week. The device used in this study was made of natural minerals free of heavy metals that are harmless to the human body and nature through long-term consideration and exploration to kill and prevent various strains living in water. Green purification system using natural hydrogen generating mineral filter were effective a non-chemical and physical methods. The results of this study are one way to contribute to the serious problems caused by green algae in many countries, and will contribute to the water quality environment by preventing the waste of environmental resources, improving the health of the people, and increasing the ability to purify environmental water quality at home and abroad.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.113-125
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• 1984

Water supply has been mainly dependent on the construction of the dams in Korea. It is difficult, however, to continue to construct dams for many reasons, such as the decrease of construction sites, the increase of construction costs, the compensation of residents in flooded areas, and the environmental effects. Water demands have increased and are expected to continue increasing due to the concentration of people in the cities, the rise of the living standard, and rapid industrial growth. It is acutely important to find countermeasures such as development of ground water, desalination, and recycling of waste water to cope with increasing water demands. Recycling waste water includes all means of supplying non-potable water for their respective usages with proper water quality which is not the same quality as potable water. The usages of the recycled water include toilet flushing, air conditioning, car washing, yard watering, road cleaning, park sprinkling, and fire fighting, etc. Raw water for recycling is obtained from drainage water from buildings, toilets, and cooling towers, treated waste water, polluted rivers, ground water, reinfall, etc. The water quantity must be considered as well as its quality in selecting raw water for the recycling. The types of recycling may be classified roughly into closed recycle systems and open recycle systems, which can be further subdivided into individual recycle systems, regional recycle systems and large scale recycle system. The treatment methods of wastewater combine biochemical and physiochemical methods. The former includes activated sludge treatment, bio-disc treatment, and contact aeration treatment, and the latter contains sedimentation, sand filtration, activated carbon adsorption, ozone treatment, chlorination, and membrane filter. The recycling patterns in other countries were investigated and the effects of the recycling were divided into direct and indirect effects. The problems of water reuse in recycle patterns were also studied. The problems include technological, sanitary, and operational problems as well as cost and legislative ones. The duties of installation and administrative organization, structural standards for reuse of water, maintenance and financial disposal were also studied.