• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.227-232
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of fascioliasis in slaughtered cattle in Kangwon (Wonju, Hoengseong, Hongcheon, Cheorwon, Pyeongchang) province and Daejeon from October to December in 2014. From the total 10,780 examined cattle, 0.54% (58/10,780) were found to be positive for fascioliasis by postmortem macroscopic inspection. The Fasciola spp. infection rates were higher in the most Daejeon (1.83%, 41/2,240), followed by Hoengseong (0.40%, 15/3,714) and Hongcheon (0.22%, 2/901). It was not infected in the other regions. The outward appearances of Fasciola spp. infected livers looked almost normal and the worms were all parasitize in the main hepatic duct.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.301-308
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• 1993

Three or 7day old piglets were infected experimentally with different encephalomyocarditis virus isolates to detect the viral antigen by the immunoperoxidase technique and to observe strain difference in their pathogenecity in newborn pigs by comparing clinical signs and pathologic lesions. Clinical signs of the infected pigs were different depending on the virus strain, pig age and infection route. Encephalomyocarditis virus(EMCV) NVSL-PR isolate was more pathogenic than MN-25 and MN-30 isolate. Three day old piglets showed more severe illness than 7 day old piglets. Predominant clinical signs were sudden death without noticeable clinical signs and dyspnea manifested as heavy abdominal breathing. Contact-infection from infected piglets to controls was observed in the oro-nasally infected group but not the intramuscular group. Common necropsy findings of dead piglets in both age groups infected with MN-25 and NVSL-PR were accumulation of excessive fluid in the body cavities and mild to diffuse necrotic areas observed in the hearts and occasionally in the livers. Microscopically, myocarditis with inflammatory cell infiltration, necrosis of the myocardial muscle fibers and occasional mineralization were observed along with interstitial pneumonia and centrolobular necrosis in the liver. Using an immunoperoxidase technique, viral antigen was detected in myocardial muscle fibers of piglets infected with EMCV.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.330-335
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• 2014

Objectives: To evaluate the mutagenicity of lithium carbonate, a bacterial reverse mutation(Ames) test was carried out using four strains of S. typhimurium(TA1535; TA1537; TA98; and TA100) and one strain of E. coli(WP2uvrA). Materials: This was carried out in a dose range from 312.5 to $5,000{\mu}g/plate$ in triplicate with and without S9 activation, which is the most commonly used metabolic activation system supplemented by a post-mitochondrial fraction prepared from the livers of rodents treated with enzyme-inducing agents such as Aroclor 1254 or a combination of phenobarbitone and ${\beta}$-naphthoflavone. Results: No significant increases in the number of revertants were observed under the conditions examined in this study. Conclusions: Based on the above observations, it can be concluded that lithium carbonate has no mutagenic activity. Despite the results, it can have an effect by inducing acute oral toxicity, eye irritation and acute aquatic toxicity. Based on this study, we suggest that future studies should be directed toward chronic, carcinogenic testing and other related areas.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.131-136
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate effect of lipid metabolism in Viscum album lectin on rats. The lectin was purified by sepharose 4B affinity chromatography and gel filtration using sephadex G-150 with plant material from Viscum album collected in Mt. Duk Yui. After 72 h of $CCl_4$ injection (in olive oil, 1:1, 2 mg/kg) there was a significant increase in serum total cholesterol and triglycerige levels relative to the control group. However, treatment of both Viscum album and purified lectin were significantly decreased lipid parameters against the $CCl_4$-induced. Histological observation basically supported the result obtained from serum lipid assay. The livers of rats challenged with $CCl_4$ produced a marked increase of cytoplasmic vacuoles in number, while the number of necrotic cells and swollen hepatocytes did not change significnatly. Rats administered olive oil alone did not alter the normal hepatic architecture. Histological observation of the liver section in rats treated 72 h with either Viscum album purified lectin or $CCl_4$-induced liver lipogenesis showed decreased numbers of cytoplasmic vaculoes and necrotic cells. The normal hepatic architectural pattern was observed in Hematoxylin-eosin stain. These results suggest that Viscum album lectin has a possible protective effect of lipid metabolim in rats.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.116-125
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• 2005

Orthotopic liver transplantation is the treatment of choice for inherited metabolic diseases. However, the supply of donor organs is limiting and therefore many patients cannot benefit from this therapy. In contrast, hepatocytes can be isolated from a single donor liver. They can be transplanted into several recipients, and this procedure may help overcome the shortage of donor livers. A great deal of work with animal models indicates that hepatocytes transplanted into the liver or spleen can survive, function, and participate in the normal regenerative process. Recent clinical studies suggest that hepatocyte transplantation may be useful for bridging patients to whole organ transplantation and for providing metabolic support during liver failure and for replacing whole organ transplantation in certain inherited metabolic diseases. Nowadays, hepatocytes from various stem cells have been regarded as an another cell source for treatment of inherited metabolic diseases. Although cell therapy using stem cells for inherited metabolic disease patient has been accepted only as an experimental trial yet, hepatocytes from stem cells can solve a lot of obstacles in the treatment of inherited metabolic diseases.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2005

Homocystinuria is a metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency of cystathionine ${\beta}$-synthase (CBS). Patients with homocystinuria show clinical symptoms such as mental retardation, lens dislocation, vascular disease with life-threatening thromboembolisms and skeletal deformities. Generally, the major treatments for CBS deficiency include pharmacologic doses of pyridoxine or dietary restriction of methionine. However, there is no effective treatment for this disease up till today and gene therapy can be an attractive novel approach to treatment of the disease. We investigated whether a recombinant adeno-associated virus could be used as a CBS gene transfer vector to reduce the excessive homocysteine level in the homocystinuria mouse model. Recombinant adeno-associated virus vector encoding the human CBS gene (rAAV-hCBS), driven by EF1-a promoter, was infused into CBS-deficient mice ($CBS^{-/-}$) via intramuscular (IM) and intraperitoneal (IP) injection. IP injection was more efficient than IM injection for prolongation of lives and reduction of plasma homocysteine levels. After 2 weeks of gene transfer by IP injection, serum homocysteine level was significantly decreased in treated mice compared with the age-matched controls and the life span was extended about 1.5 times. Also, increased expression of CBS gene was observed by immunohistochemical staining in livers of treated $CBS^{-/-}$ mice and microvesicular lipid droplets was decreased in cytoplasm of liver. These results demonstrate the possibility and efficacy of gene therapy by AAV gene transfer in homocystinuria mice.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.1244-1251
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• 2018

Objective: The objective of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism underlying liver metabolic perturbations in dairy cows exposed to heat stress (HS). Methods: Liquid chromatography massabl spectrometry was used to analyze metabolic differences in livers of 20 dairy cows, with and without exposure to HS. Results: The results revealed 33 potential metabolite candidate biomarkers for the detection of HS in dairy cows. Fifteen of these metabolites (glucose, lactate, pyruvate, acetoacetate, ${\beta}$-hydroxybutyrate, fumaric acid, citric acid, choline, glycine, proline, isoleucine, leucine, urea, creatinine, and orotic acid) were previously found to be potential biomarkers of HS in plasma or milk, discriminating dairy cows with and without HS. Conclusion: All the potential diagnostic biomarkers were involved in glycolysis, amino acid, ketone, tricarboxylic acid, or nucleotide metabolism, indicating that HS mainly affected energy and nucleotide metabolism in lactating dairy cows.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.1096-1101
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• 2003

To enhance the liver targeting and reduce the side effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu), it was acylated by stearyl chloride to obtain .$\b{N}_{\b{1}}$stearyl-5-Fu (5-FuS). The chemical structure of the prodrug was confirmed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Infrared Spectrometry. 5-FuS was incorporated into solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), which were prepared by the physical agglomeration method. The mean diameter of 5-FuS-SLN was 240.19 nm and the drug loading was 20.53%. The release characteristics in vitro of 5-FuS-SLN were fitted to the first-order pharmacokinetic model. Compared with 5-Fu injection, a study on the distribution of 5-FuS-SLN in mice showed that 5-FuS-SLN could double 5-Fu concentration in mice livers. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of 5-FuS-SLN in rabbits is shown as follows: $V_d$=0.04336L/kg, $T_{1/2} \beta$=1.2834h, CL=0.1632 L/h. In conclusion, 5-FuS-SLN has significant liver targeting properties. The employment of a prodrug to enhance drug liposoluble properties and the preparation method presented in this paper, seem to be an alternative strategy to the traditional colloidal delivery system.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.407-414
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• 2007

There were eight Korean indigenous cattles affected with bovine tuberculosis (BTB) detected by inspectors at slaughterhouses located in Chungbuk province from May 2006 through July 2007. Postmortem finding of BTB cases was characterized by the presence of several caseous or calcified nodules encapsulated by connective tissue from the pleural/peritoneal surface, livers, lungs and regional lymph nodes On micro-scopic examinations, the characteristic lesion of BTB was the formation granulomatous nodules, which contains central calcified necrotic zone surrounded by epithelioid cells, macrophages and a few Langhans' type giant cells. In addition, mononuclear cells and fibroblasts were also infiltrated. At the periphery, encapsulation was formed that protect the neighboring healthy tissues.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.91-98
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• 1992

Listeria monocytogenes antigens were detected with the avidinbiotinperoxidase complex(ABPC) method in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from experimentally infected rats, mice and guinea pigs. The anti-Lirteria monocytogenes serum used as first antibody was prepared by immunizing rabbits with Listeria monocytogenes serotype 1/2a. Rats, mice and guinea pigs that had been given inoculation of L monocytogenes(serotype 4b, Scott A strain) via intraperitoneally allotted to 3 groups. Rats were pretreated with the dexamethasone(DM-rats) for 7 consecutive days, mice and guinea pigs were inoculated intraperitoneally with L. monocytogenes At necropsy white necrotic foci of the liver, spleen and kidney were seen in mice and DM-rats, whereas not in guinea pigs. Organisms stained by the ABPC method were identified as pleomorphic dark brown staining structures in the livers, spleens and kidneys of mice and DM-rats. They were present in high numbers in center and peripherial regions of necrobiotic and necrotic foci of the liver and spleen as well as in glomerulus of the renal cortex. and liable tool for confirmative diagnosis of these bacterial diseases.