• 한국산업보건학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.202-208
• /
• 1996

The purposes of this study are the identification and determination of metabolites in the isolated rat liver perfusate of carbon disulfide by two-dimentional thin-layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography for understanding the metabolism of carbon disulfide. 2-Thio-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid(TTCA) was synthesized by the reaction of carbon disulfide and cysteine, and confirmed by two-dimentional thin-layer chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, UV spectroscopy, and IR spectroscopy. The absorbance of UV detector for the simultaneous determination of TTCA and thiocarbamide was 254 nm although their maximum spectra were 273 nm and 237 nm, respectively. Two kinds of the developing solvent in the two-dimentional thin-layer chromatography were 2-butanol : 80% HCOOH : $H_2O$ (7 : 2 : 1) as the first developing solvent and 2-propanol : $H_2O$ (4 : 1) as the second developing solvent. After perfusion of carbon disulfide ($8274.23{\mu}mol$), the amount of TTCA and thiocabamide of the perfusate(100 ul) were $12.02-16.4{\mu}mol$ and $5.25-8.15{\mu}g$, respectively. The mean amount of them were $14.08{\mu}mol$ and $6.41{\mu}mol$ respectively, and the former was 2.20 times greater than the latter. For conforming the mechanism of formations of TTCA and thiocarbamide in vivo, we have to clarify whether the reactions between carbon disulfide and ammonia, ammonium salts, amides, cysteine, cystine, or proteins will be formed in vitro.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.22-25
• /
• 2000

Formation of glutathione (GSH) conjugates with 2- or 6-(1-hydroxymethyl)- and 2-(1-hydroxyethyl)-DMNQ derivatives (DMNQ, 5,8-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquone was carried out in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), in the presence of glutathione-S-transferase (GST), in rat liver S-9 fraction and by perfusion, and the rates of conjugates formation were compared and correlated to cytotoxicity. The GSH conjugates of 6-(1-hydroxyalkyl)-DMNQ derivatives were formed faster than 2-(1-hydroxyalkyl)-DMNQ derivatives under all of the media, implying that steric hindrance was the cause of lowering the rate of conjugate formation of 2-substituted derivatives. For both isomers, addition of GST did not improve the reaction rate, compared with that in buffer, while the reaction in the S-9 fraction and the perfusate was accelerated to a great extent. The catalytic effect of the S-9 fraction and the perfusate contain an effective system relaxing the steric hindrance of 2-(1-hydroxyalkyl)-DMNQ derivatives. Furthermore, a good correlation between the formation of the GSH conjugates and the cytotoxic activity of both naphthazarin isomers suggests that the steric hindrance is a cause of lowering the cytotoxicity of 2-isomers.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.13-18
• /
• 1996

One mechanism of free-radical production by ethanol is suggested to be through the intracellular conversion of XDH to XO by increased ratio of NADH to NAD. The major mechanism for physiological compensation of cytosolic NADH/NAD balance is the malate/aspartate shutfie. Therefore, it is important to develop the method to improve the efficiency of malate/aspartate shuttle in ethanol metabolism. In the present study, various amino acids and organic acid involved in the shuttle were tested for their functional efficiency in modulating shuttle in the ethanol-perfused rat liver. The rate of ethanol oxidation in the liver perfused with aspartate alone or aspartate in combination with pyruvate, respectively, was increased by about 10% compared to control liver, but not in the tissues perfused with glummate, cysteine or pyruvate alone. Though glummate, cysteine and pyravate did not affect the ethanol oxidation significanfiy, they showed some suppresive effect on the ethanol-induced radical generation monitored by protein carbonylation analysis. Among the tested components, aspartate is confirmed to be the most efficient as a metabolic regulator for both ethanol oxidation and ethanol-induced oxidative stress in our perfusion system. These effects of aspartate would result from NAD recycling by its supplementation through the coupled aspartate aminotransferase/malate dehydrogenase reactions and the malate-aspartate shuttle.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.1589-1593
• /
• 2012

Objective: To investigate liver fibrosis, TGF-${\beta}1$ levels and curative effects on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with small and conventional dose perfusion chemotherapy by transcatheter arterial chemo embolization (TACE). Methods: Thirty-six hepatocellular carcinoma patients not indicated for surgical resection underwent super-selective transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, divided into small dose (n=15) and conventional dose (n=21) chemotherapy groups. Results: With conventional doses, four indices of liver fibrosis focusing on hyaluronate acide (HA), human procollagen type-III (hPC-III), collagen type-Ⅳ (Ⅳ-C) and transforming growth factor-${\beta}l$ (TGF-${\beta}1$) were obviously increased postoperative compared with preoperative (P<0.01); in contrast, with small doses there were no significant differences except for TGF-${\beta}1$. Five year survival demonstrated no significant differences between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: To hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated by TACE, reducing doses of chemotherapy drugs can reduce progress of liver fibrosis, without impacting on five year survival.

• 대한핵의학회지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.199-205
• /
• 1987

The fact there are increase of intrapulmonary arterioveneous shunt amount in the liver cirrhosis patient has been known since 1950. And the method of shunt amount calculation by radionuclide method using $^{99m}Tc-MAA$ was introduced in the middle of 1970. We measured intrapulmonary shunt amount by means of perfusion lung scan using $^{99m}Tc-MAA$ in the various type of liver diseases especially in chronic liver diseases and acute liver disease. The results were as followed. 1) The amount of arteriovenous intrapulmonary shunt in the total case of liver disease was $9.3{\pm}3.9%$, and that of in the control group was $4.6{\pm}2.1%$. 2) The amount of arteriovenous intrapulmonary shunt in the chronic liver disease was $10.8{\pm}4.4%$, and that of in the acute liver disease was $7.2{\pm}2.8%$. We observed significant differences between normal control group and liver disease group, and between chronic liver disease group and acute liver disease group in the amount of shunt by the nucleolide method.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• 제19권6호
• /
• pp.514-519
• /
• 1996

In order to understand the mechanism of action of flavonoids on the drug metabolizing enzyme, cytochrome P450IA1, this study was undertaken to examine the effect of chrysin, morin, myricetin and aminopyrine on the activities of ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase and benzo(.alpha.) pyrene hydroxylase in the liver. In the isolated perfused rat liver that was pretreated with 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC), chrysin, morin, myricetin and aminopyrine inhibited the activity of ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase with concentration dependent manner. The isolated liver perfusion with chrysin, morin, myricetin and aminopyrine showed inhibition on the induction of ethoxyresorufin O- deethylase by 3MC. And also, in mouse liver hepa I cells, 3MC-stimulated the benzo(.alpha.)pyrene hydroxylase activity which was inhibited by chrysin, morin, myricetin and aminopyrine. These results strongly suggested that hydoxylated flavonoids interfered not only the induction of cytochrome P45OIA1 enzymes by 3MC but also the interaction of substrates and enzyme.

• 핵의학기술
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.155-158
• /
• 2010

$^{99m}Tc$-macroaggregated albumin (MAA) 를 이용한 간동맥 관류스캔(hepatic arterial perfusion scintigraphy, HAPS)은 간종양의 경동맥 화학요법을 위해 종양의 관류 등을 평가하는데 매우 유용한 방법으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 간암환자(hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC)에서의 정상 간 조직에 대한 간세포암의 상대적인 혈류량을 평가하여 종양의 형태, 크기와 lung shunting, tumor to normal ratio (T/N ratio)를 측정하여 HAPS 의 유용성을 알아보고자 하였다. 2009년 6월부터 2009년 9월까지 본원에서 HCC 진단을 받은 환자 7명(평균 64세, 남자 6명, 여자 1명)을 대상으로 하였다. $^{99m}Tc$-MAA 5 mCi를 간 동맥 내에 위치된 카테타를 통하여 주입하고 20분경과 후 HAPS를 시행하였다. 환자의 흉부와 복부가 포함되게 시야를 잡고 anterior, posterior, both lateral 상을 얻고 SPECT를 시행하였다. liver, tumor, lung의 ROI를 그리고 각각의 count와 count/pixel (mean value) 를 구하여 lung shunting, T/N ratio를 구하였다. anterior, posterior 상에서 얻어진 ROI에서 얻어진 tumor size는 2.0~10.8 cm(평균 3.75 cm), liver size 는 8.8~18.5 cm(평균14.6 cm)였다. total tumor와 total normal의 mean value를 통해 얻은 T/N ratio의 범위는 2.41~5.76(평균 3.8)였다. total lung과 total liver의 counts를 통해 얻은 lung shunting의 범위는 3.14~13.92%(평균 6.77%)였다. $^{99m}Tc$-MAA를 이용한 HAPS 는 정상 간 조직에 비해 간세포암내에 강한 방사능 섭취를 보였으며 종양의 크기, 위치 및 T/N ratio를 통한 정량적 관류 평가를 할 수 있었다. 또한 폐 섭취 빈도는 종양 내 동정맥 단락을 추정할 수 있어 간동맥 동위원소 치료 전 단락 유무를 평가할 수 있다는 점이 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것이다. 따라서 $^{99m}Tc$-MAA를 이용한 HAPS는 간암의 평가 및 치료를 결정 할 수 있는 유용한 검사법으로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
• /
• 제8권5호
• /
• pp.279-285
• /
• 2003

Lidocaine and galactose loading tests were performed on a bioartificial liver (BAL), an extracorporeal medical device incorporating living hepatocytes in a cartridge without a transport barrier across the membranes. The concentration changes were analyzed using pharmacokinetic equations to evaluate the efficacy and limitation of the proposed method. Lidocaine and galactose were found to be suitable drugs for a quantitative evaluation of the BAL functions, as they did not interact with the plasma proteins or blood vessels, making their concentrations easy to determine. The drug concentration changes after drug loading were easily analyzed using pharmacokinetic equations, and the BAL functions quantitatively expressed by pharmacokinetic parameters, such as the clearance (CL) and galactose elimination capacity (GEC). In addition, these two drugs have already been used in clinical tests to evaluate human liver functions over long periods, and lidocaine CL values and GEC values reported for a normal human liver. Thus, a comparison of the CL and GEC values for the BAL and a natural liver revealed what proportion of normal liver functions could be replaced by the BAL.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제51권2호
• /
• pp.159-164
• /
• 2011

Alcohol abuse and its medical and social consequences are a major health problem in many areas of the world. Korean red ginseng (KRG) has been traditionally used for the treatment of liver disease. This study was conducted to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of KRG against hepatotoxicity in Sprague- Dawley rats treated with ethanol (EtOH). Administration of EtOH for 20 days induced significant changes in serum biochemical parameters (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, and glucose) accompanied by histological changes in the liver tissue. Treatment with KRG prior to administration of EtOH inhibited the EtOH-induced biochemical and histological changes of the liver. In perfused rat livers, administration of EtOH caused an increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release into the perfusate and activated the pro-apoptotic Bax protein but inhibited the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein. Pretreatment with KRG prior to administration of EtOH decreased the EtOH-induced LDH release and inhibition of Bcl-2 protein. These results suggest that KRG exerts anti-apoptotic effects and alleviated EtOH-induced liver injury in rats.

• 대한핵의학회지
• /
• 제39권3호
• /
• pp.151-162
• /
• 2005

Hemangioma is the most common benign tumor of the liver, with a prevalence estimated as high as 7%. Tc-99m red blood cell (RBC) hepatic blood pool scan with single photon omission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging is extremely useful for the confirmation or exclusion of hepatic hemangiomas. The classic finding of absent or decreased perfusion and increased blood pooling ("perfusion/blood pool mismatch") is the key diagnostic element in the diagnosis of hemangiomas. The combination of early arterial flow and delayed blood pooling ("perfusion/blood pool match") is shown uncommonly. In giant hemangioma, filling with radioactivity appears first in the periphery, with progressive central fill-in on sequential RBC blood pool scan. However, the reverse filling pattern, which begins first in the center with progressive peripheral filling, is also rarely seen. Studies with false-positive blood pooling have been reported infrequently in nonhemangiomas, including hemangiosarcoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatic adenoma, and metastatic carcinomas (adenocarcinoma of the colon, small cell carcinoma of the lung, neruroendocrine carcinoma). False-negative results have been also reported rarely except for small hemagniomas that are below the limits of spatial resolution of gamma camera.