• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.110-115
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• 1983

This study was to demonstrate the additional effect of fat-soluble vitamins on inhibitory action of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) saponin to lipoperoxide formation in vitro and in vivo. The ginseng saponin and vitamins were added to the substrate of linoleic acid and incubated on a shaking water-bath at $60^{\circ}C$, and the inhibitory action on lipoperoxide formation was examined by measuring the TBA value (532 nm), POV (500 nm) and EDA (electorn donating ability to ${\alpha}$, ${\alpha}$-diphenyl-${\beta}$-picrylhydrazyl at 525nm) for in vitro. The ginseng saponin and vitamins were administered to Sprague-Dawley rats (♂, 100~120g) orally, and the inhibitory effect on lipoperoxide formation was examined by measuring the TBA value in vivo. EDA to DPPH of ginseng saponin added with vitamin A and D were higher than that of ginseng saponin only. Ginseng saponin added with vitamin A and D inhibited strongly lipoperoxide formation of initial step by extension of induction period in vitro. Fat-soluble vitamins such as vitamin E and A were approved the additional effect on inhibitory action of lipoperoxide formation in vitro. The additional effect of fat-soluble vitamins to ginseng saponin for inhibitory action of lipoperoxide formation was effective vitamin E and D for blood, vitamin A and E for liver in vivo.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.177-183
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• 2008

This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of dandelion water extract (DWE) on liver injury induced by D-galactosamine (GalN) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Fifty rats were divided into 5 groups; normal control (C), DWE-control (DWE-C: saline injection after feeding 3% DWE diet), GalN-control (GalN-C: GalN injection after normal diet), DWE I (GalN injection after feeding 1.5% DWE diet), and DWE II (GalN injection after feeding 3% DWE diet). After 2 weeks, the acute hepatitis was induced by GalN (650 mg/kg, i.p.) and 24 hrs later, all rats were sacrificed. The DWE supplement ameliorated the serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferase (AST, ALT) as well as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}\;(TNF-{\alpha})$. Hepatic antioxidative enzyme activities, such as catalase, GSH peroxidase, GSH reductase, and Mn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) were slightly or significantly elevated by the treatment of DWE. Moreover, the histological examination corresponded with these biochemical observations. According to these findings, dandelion could be used as a potential therapeutic material for treating chemically induced acute hepatitis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.162-166
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• 2005

Two flavonoids, 7-O-methyl-3',4'-didehydroxy quercetin (MDQ) and quercetin, isolated from Chinese propolis, which is the generic name for the resinous substance collected by honeybees from various plant sources, were tested for their antioxidant activity and protective effect against radiation-induced DNA damage in mouse lymphocytes. In antioxidant test, both compounds provided a dose-dependent scavenging effect on DPPH radical and a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation in mouse liver. Quercetin showed stronger scavenging and inhibitory effect than MDQ, and it also provided strong inhibition on superoxide anion radical generated in xanthine-xanthine oxidase system, but there was no inhibitory ability for MDQ. In comet assay using single cell gel electrophoresis, MDQ and quercetin showed a protective effect against DNA damage caused by gamma irradiation. They reduced DNA damage to 54% (p<0.01) and 53% (p<0.01) at 25 $\mu$mol, respectively. These results suggest that free radical scavenging seems to be associated with their catechol form on the B ring, and radioprotection appears to be a likely mechanism of antioxidant activity by these flavonoids.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.294-301
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the protective effects and detoxification of oriental herb extracts mixture (Saururus chinensis, Taraxacum platycarpum, Ulmus macrocarpa, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Rhynchosia nulubilis) on TCDD-induced oxidative stress. Thirty five male rats were divided into 5 groups: normal control group received saline; vehicle control group received DMSO and acetone; only TCDD-treated group received multiple intraperitoneal injection of TCDD ($100{\mu}g/kg$) and saline; post-treated group of OHEM (400 mg/kg/day) received oral administration for 5 weeks after TCDD treatment; and pre-treated group of OHEM (400 mg/kg/day) received oral administration for 6 weeks from 1 week before TCDD treatment. The elevated serum activities of alanine transaminase (AST), aspartate transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and atherorganic index due to TCDD were significantly decreased by the treatment of OHEM (p<0.05); the pre-treatment of OHEM was especially effective. Hydropic lesions and cytoplasmic vacuolizations in the liver of TCDD-treated rats were inhibited by the treatment of OHEM. Also, OHEM treatment reduced edemas in small intestine villus of TCDD-treated rats. These results suggest that OHEM from various oriental herb extracts might be a useful protective and detoxification agent against TCDD.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.60-66
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of bone boiling duration on bovine bone extract supplement quality in terms of growth performance, leg bone length, and blood profile in broilers. A total of twenty ROSS 308 broilers (initial BW of $970{\pm}50g$) were randomly divided into the following 4 treatment groups: CON (basal water), T1 (1 : 1 ratio water to bone extract boiled for six hours), T2 (1 : 1 ratio water to bone extract boiled for 12 hours), and T3 (1 : 1 ratio water to bone extract boiled for 24 hours). The broilers were allowed free access to the source of fluid or diets. Average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and feed efficiency showed no significant differences among treatments during this experiment. However, broilers fed bone extract boiled for six hours showed a tendency for increased ADG to other treatments (p < 0.17). No significant differences were observed in organ weights (liver, spleen, bursa of fabricius) or blood profiles among the treatments during the experiment, but broilers fed bone extract boiled for six hours showed a tendency for decreased cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL compared to the control diet. In the case of leg bone length, there were significant difference (p < 0.05) on tibia and femur among treatments. It was concluded that the six hour-boiled bone extract supplementation had beneficial effects on growth performance and blood profile of broilers.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.745-761
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• 2000

Literatural study for Delirious speech and Fading murmuring, the results were as follows. 1. Delirious speech and Fading murmuring are given at the speech impediment. Derious speech to be out of language's order and slur the end of his words, and Fading murmuring is to repeat in losing conscious. 2. In constrast with Delirious speech and Fading murmuring, Maniac speech is induced by a general term for manic-depressive psychosis. Luoyan is to say in a feeble voice and mumble in a sleeping condition, and Paraphasia and Solioquy are appeared in a clear mental condition. The speech impediment is caused by damages of the nervous system and speech organ, and Yuyancuoluan is appeared in a feverless condition. 3. The symptoms of Delirious speech are to utter ravings and have a loud and heavy voice, and these resemble the delirium which specially has a speech impediment and muddle in the western medical world. The symptoms of Fading murmuring are to speak ambigously, repeatedly, and illogically and so are similar to the Wernicke dysphasia which is caused by a incomprehensible conversation. 4. The causes of Delirious speech are to spread a stomach heat and the lungs pathogenic qi into heart, not to sweat in cold damage, the Three Yang Combination of syndrome, stomach repletion, yang collapse due to excessive sweat, diarrhea, after diarrhea, heat to enter the blood chamer, feces to remain in the stomach, stasis blood to enter the viscera, to carry anger to extremity, and to be constipated. the cause of Fading murmuring is to despair vacuity desertion of vital essence and energy after a serious illness. 5. The causes of delirium are general infection, postoperative states, and metabolism disorders and those of Wernicke dysphasia are disorders of the blood vessel, brain tumors and traumas. 6. Delirious speech is cured with the discrimination of vacuity and repletion. Baitong Tang(白通湯), Chaihu Guizhi Tang(柴胡桂枝湯), Chaihu Jia Longgu Muli Tang(柴胡加龍骨牡蠣湯) are prescribed in case of vacuity, while Chengqi Tang(承氣湯), Baihu Tang(白虎湯), Liangge San(凉膈散) are in case of repletion. Fading murmuring is treated with Xiao Chaihu Tang(小柴胡湯), Fuzi Tang Jiawei(附子湯加味), Shengmai San(生脈散), and Renshen Sanbai Tang(人蔘三白湯). 7. To acupunture Qimen-Xue(期門穴) is required when it is late to prescribe a medical decoction or the hyperactive liver qi attacking the spleen.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.103-121
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• 2003

Human being can't live without nature, then the changes of nature affect human body. It means that human body has corresponding changes to the KI(vital energy) of nature. There is a stream of changes in human body which circulate mysteriously and punctually by the laws of nature. If this stream of changes fits into human's life style, it would be most effective. It has a certain mode continuously. So if a person has a habit fitting into it, he will get the healthiest body. Then the researcher tries to explain the changes in human body by the time, mainly focused on within 24 hours. it is showing not only the oriental view, but also the western's. The researcher can find the coincidence as followings. At In-Si(3-5 am), the body function and the body temperature get to the bottom, therefore it's good for him to wake up and to run the vital energy. At Sa-Si(9-11 am), the patience on pain anxiety and the psychic concentration get to the top, he'd better start the work. At O-Si(11am-1pm), the heart energy has a vital move, then the blood concentration of Hb(hemoglobin) gets to the top. At Mi-Si(1-3 pm), the muscle strength, the squeeze, and the breathing rate increase. The reflex nerve sensitivity gets to the top. Creativity, observation, and working efficiency go high, so it's time to work hard. At Hae-Si(9pm-1am), the body function falls, sleeping is needed. At Chuck-Si(1-3 am), the cell spontaneity gets to the top, immune lymphocyte moves actively, and the blood concentration of growth hormone gets to the top. These are liver's work. In west, there has been active studies on how to reduce the side effect by using a person's bio-rhythm based on the 'time treatment', and how to reorganize the bio-rhythm by using the machine and the age resistance based on the 'bio-watch'. Though the 'time treatment' means something, the artificial resistance on bio-rhythm seems to give bad effects to human body. If a person lives by regimen of oriental medicine, he will maintain the healthiest body. Regimen is that human body follows the laws of nature, and moves its mysterious, Punctual and periodical changes.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Zn and Fe levels on lipid metabolism and micromineral contents in high fat diet-induced obese rats. Male sprague-dawley rats weighing approximately 100g were fed a normal or high fat diet. After 10 weeks high fat diet, rats were fed different levels of Zn and Fe. Serum triacyglycerol and HDL-cholesterol were affected to Zn and Fe levels in normal group. The micromineral (Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn) contents in liver were significantly different in high fat diet group by Zn intake levels and in normal diet group by Fe intake levels. However, micromineral contents in kidneys were not affected to different levels of Fe in both obese and normal rats. There were no differences in spleens of obese rats fed high fat diet according to Zn and Fe intake levels. But in normal group, Mn content of spleen were exclusively affected to Zn levels.

• BMB Reports
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.172-177
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• 2002

We previously reported that cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitory peptides (designated $P_{28}$ and $P_{10})$ have anti-atherogenic effects in hypercholesterolemic rabbits (Biochim. Biophys. Acta (1998) 1391, 133-144). To further investigate those effects, we studied rabbit plasma that was collected after 30 h of a $P_{28}$ or $P_{10}$ injection. We found that there is a strong correlation between the in vivo CETP inhibition effects and alterations of lipoprotein particle size distribution in rabbit plasma, as determined on an agarose gel electrophoresis and gel filtration column chromatography. In vivo effects of the peptide were observed again in C57BL/6 mice that expressed simian CETP. The $P_{28}$ or $P_{10}$ peptide ($7\;{\mu}g/g$ of body weight) that was dissolved in saline was injected subcutaneously into the mice. The $P_{28}$ injection caused the partial inhibition of plasma CETP activity up to 50%, decreasing the total plasma cholesterol concentration by 30%, and increasing the ratio of HD/total-cholesterol concentration by 150% in the CETP-transgenic (tg) mice. The CETP inhibition by the $P_{28}$ or $P_{10}$ made alterations that modulated the size re-distribution of the lipoproteins in the blood stream. Particle size of the very low (VLDL) and low density lipoproteins (LDL) from the peptide-injected group was highly decreased compared to the saline-injected group (determined on the gel filtration column chromatography). In contrast, The HDL particle size of the $P_{28}$-injected group increased compared to the control group (saline-injected). The expression level of the CETP mRNA of the $P_{28}$-injected CETP-tg mouse appeared lower than the saline-injected CETP-tg mouse. These results suggest that the injection of the CETP inhibitory peptide could affect the CETP expression level in the liver by influencing lipoprotein metabolism.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.40-46
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• 2006

Hepatoma is one of 3 most common malignancies in Korea, the survival rate is not improved since last decades because of delayed diagnosis and limited treatment conditions. Radiation was one of treatment options but the impact on the survival is not remarkable. High dose exposure to target area was suggested for improved effect but low tolerance dose of normal liver tissue is the main limited factor. IMRT is the advanced form of 3DCRT, for focusing high dose on target with minimal dose to surrounding normal tissues. Motion of the tumor by respiration, cardiac pulsation and peristalsis is the main treatment harrier of IMRT for treatment of hepatoma patients. Development of QA technique for acceptable geometrical uncertainties and dose error on target volume is essential for IMRT in clinical treatment but proper QA technique is not yet developed. This study compared the verification film dosimetry with measured dose in phantom and calculated dose in planning computer on exactly same conditions of patient treatments. Within 3% dose differences between 3 groups were confirmed. We suggest that our verification QA technique is easy, economic, iterative and acceptable in clinical application for advanced hepatoma patients.