• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제83권5호
• /
• pp.627-644
• /
• 2022

In past major earthquakes (1994 Northridge, 1995 Kobe, Chi-Chi 1999, Kocaeli 1999), significant damages occurred in the liquid storage tanks. The basic failure patterns were observed to be the buckling of the tank wall and uplift of the anchorage system. The damages in the industrial facilities and nuclear power plants have caused the spread of toxic substances to the environment and significant fires. Seismic isolation can be used in liquid storage tanks to decouple the structure and decrease the structural demand in the superstructure in case of ground shaking. Previous studies on the use of seismic isolation systems on liquid storage tanks show that an isolation system reduces the impulsive response but might slightly increase the convective one. There is still a lack of understanding of the seismic response of seismically isolated liquid storage tanks considering the fluid-structure interaction. In this study, one broad tank, one medium tank, and one slender tank are selected and designed. Two- and three-dimensional elastomeric bearings are used as seismic isolation systems. The seismic performance of the tanks is then investigated through nonlinear dynamic time-history analyses. The effectiveness of each seismic isolation system on tanks' performance was investigated. Isolator tension forces, modal analysis results, hydrodynamic stresses, strains, sloshing heights and base shear forces of the tanks are compared. The results show that the total base shear is lower in 3D-isolators compared to 2D-isolators. Even though the tank wall stresses, and strains are slightly higher in 3D-isolators, they are more efficient to prevent the tension problem.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제54권6호
• /
• pp.2147-2155
• /
• 2022

Nuclear safety-related underground liquid storage tanks, such as those used to store fuel for emergency diesel generators, are critical components for safety of hundreds of existing nuclear power plants (NPP) worldwide. Since most of those NPP will continue to operate for decades, a beyond design base (BDB) seismic screening of safety-related underground tanks in those NPP is beneficial and essential to public safety. The analytical methodology for buried tank subjected to seismic effect, including a BDB seismic evaluation, needs to consider both soil-structure and fluid-structure interaction effects. Comprehensive analysis of such a soil-structure-fluid system is costly and time consuming, often subjected to availability of state-of-art finite element tools. Simple, but practically and reasonably accurate techniques for seismic evaluation of underground liquid storage tanks have not been established. In this study, a mechanics based solution is proposed for the evaluation of a cylindrical underground liquid storage tank using hand calculation methods. For validation, a practical example of two underground diesel fuel tanks in an existing nuclear power plant is presented and application of the proposed method is confirmed by using published results of the computer-aided System for Analysis of Soil Structural Interaction (SASSI). The proposed approach provides an easy to use tool for BDB seismic assessment prior to making decision of applying more costly technique by owner of the nuclear facility.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘크리트학회 2003년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.128-131
• /
• 2003

In a design of LNG storage tank, one of the major loading conditions that significantly affects liquid tightness of the outer concrete wall is the cryogenic temperature of LNG under the emergency condition of LNG leakage. Proposed in this study are the more consistent procedures to ensure the liquid tightness of LNG tank focusing on the design of prestressing tendon. It is expected that the proposed schemes lead to a more effective serviceability design of LNG tank that satisfies various requirements for the liquid tightness in an efficient manner.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집A
• /
• pp.602-607
• /
• 2000

Fuel-storage tank is a representative example of liquid-structure interaction systems. In order to prevent the undesired structural failure by a variety of external loads, the reliable analysis of the dynamic response of such structural system is of a great importance. In this paper, we address the analytical study on free vibration of axisymmetric cylindrical fuel-storage tanks together with the parametric investigation of eigen-characteristics with respect to the relative fuel fill-height and the relative tank height. Numerical results illustrating theoretical results are also included.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.153-168
• /
• 2016

Sloshing phenomenon is a complicated free surface flow problem that increases the dynamic pressure on the sidewalls and the bottom of the storage tanks. When the storage tanks are partially filled, it is essential to be able to evaluate the fluid dynamic loads on the tank's perimeter. In this paper, a numerical code was developed to determine the pressure distribution on the rectangular and trapezoidal storage tanks' perimeters due to liquid sloshing phenomenon. Assuming the fluid to be inviscid, the Laplace equation and the nonlinear free surface boundary conditions were solved using coupled boundary element - finite element method. The code performance for sloshing modeling was validated using Nakayama and Washizu's results. Finally, this code was used for partially filled rectangular and trapezoidal storage tanks and free surface displacement, pressure distribution and horizontal and vertical forces exerted on the tanks' perimeters due to liquid sloshing phenomenon were estimated and discussed.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제65권5호
• /
• pp.557-572
• /
• 2018

The academic research works about liquid storage tanks are reviewed for the purpose of providing valuable reference to the engineering practice on their aseismic design. A summary of the performance of tanks during past earthquakes is described in this paper. Next, the seismic response of tanks under unidirectional earthquake is reported, supplemented with the dynamic response under multidirectional motions. Then, researches on the influence of soil-structure interaction are brought out to help modify the seismic design approach of tanks in different areas with variable properties of soils. Afterwards, base isolation systems are reported to demonstrate their effectiveness for the earthquake-resistant design of liquid storage tanks. Further, researches about the liquid-structure interaction are reviewed with description of simplified models and numerical analytical methods, some of which consider the elastic effect of tank walls. Moreover, the liquid sloshing phenomenon on the hydrodynamic behaviors of tanks is presented by various algorithms including grid-based and meshfree method. And then the impact of baffles in changing the dynamic characteristics of the liquid-structure system is raised, which shows the energy dissipation by the vortex motion of liquid. In addition, uplifting effect is given to enhance the understanding on the capacity of unanchored tanks and some assessment of their development. At last, the concluding remarks and the aspects of extended research in the field of liquid storage tanks under seismic loads are provided, emphasizing the thermal stress analysis, the replaceable system for base isolation, the liquid-solid interaction and dynamic responses with stochastic excitations.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제39권3호
• /
• pp.136-143
• /
• 2006

철원군의 모범적 사례로 평가받고 있는 돈분 액비화 사업이 전국으로 확산되고 있으나 최근 액비의 악취문제로 민원이 발생함에 따라 일부 돈본뇨 액비저장조가 가동되지 못하는 사례가 생기고 있다. 따라서 본 시험연구는 대표적 액비저장조의 유형에 따라 악취발생 정도와 액비의 품질을 비교 검토하고 각 저장형태에 따른 장단점을 분석하여 돈분저장조의 발전적 개선을 통하여 돈분 액비화사업의 활성화에 도움이 되고자 수행하였다. 액비 표면상으로 배출되는 악취가스농도는 무처리 저장조가 분사교반식/폭기식 저장조보다 높았으나 밖으로 풍겨 나오는 악취 감지정도는 분사교반식/폭기식 저장조가 무처리 저장조보다 높았다. 분사교반 또는 폭기처리한 액비는 액비품질의 균질도가 높은 반연 무처리 저장조의 액비는 상층, 중층, 및 저층 간의 성분함량 차이가 많아 무처리 액비는 시용시 작물의 균일한 생육이 어려울 것으로 생각되었다. 무처리 저장조는 배출액비의 악취발생 잠재능이 분사교반식 또는 폭기식 저장조의 액비보다 높아 실제 시용시 악취발생이 더 많을 것으로 추정되었다. 분사교반식 저장조는 액비에 이물질 혼입시 액비순환장치에 이상을 가져와 고장이 잦은 것으로 나타났고, 폭기식 저장조는 공기주입배관이 하나밖에 없어 전체액비에 폭기효과가 나타나지 못하는 것으로 추정되었다. 액비의 저장기간에 따른 유기물 및 건물중의 감소경향은 무처리 저장조에서는 뚜렷하였으나 분사교반/폭기처리 저장조의 감소경향은 일관성이 없었다. 무처리 저장조는 액비의 악취저감을 위하여 폭기 또는 교반시설을 추가하여야 할 것으로 생각되었다.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지진공학회 2000년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Fall 2000
• /
• pp.209-214
• /
• 2000

Shaking table tests were performed to investigate dynamic behavior of a three dimensional flexible rectangular liquid storage tank. Response characteristics to the three components of translational motion and three component of rotational motion were studied. The aluminium tank was exposed to the shaking high enough to make it behave in nonlinear range. Only very limited amount of the data have been processed yet. Very interesting phenomena on the effects of non-symmetry have been observed and presented. Test results that show nonlinear behavior under the high intensity shaking are reported.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지진공학회 1999년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Spring
• /
• pp.275-283
• /
• 1999

To predict the dynamic behavior of the cylindrical liquid storage tank subjected to seismic ground motion three dimesional analysis with liquid-structure interaction must be performed, In this study a three dimensional dynamic analysis method over the frequency domain using FE-BE coupling technique which combines the efficiency of the boundary elements for liquid with the versatility of the finite shell elements for tank. The liquid region is modeled using boundary elements which can counter the sloshing effect at free surface and the structure region the tank itself is modeled using the degenerated finite shell elements. At the beginning of the procedure the equivalent mass matrix of the liquid is generated by boundary elements procedure. Then this equivalent mass matrix is combined with the mass matrix of the structure to produce the global mass matrix in the equation of the motion of fluid-structure interaction problem In order to demonstrate the accuracy and validity of the developed method the numerical results re compared with the previous studies. Finally the effects of the fluid-structure interaction on the natural frequency and dynamic response of the system are analyzed.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
• /
• 제19권9호
• /
• pp.950-959
• /
• 2009

Liquid fluctuation called sloshing within liquid-storage tank gives rise to the significant effect on the dynamic stability of tank. This liquid sloshing can be effectively suppressed by installing baffles within the tank, and the suppression effect depends strongly on the design parameters of baffle like the baffle configuration. The present study is concerned with the parametric evaluation of the sloshing suppression effect for the CNG-storage tank, a next generation liquefied fuel for vehicles, to the major design parameters of baffle, such as the baffle configuration, the installation angle and height, the hole size of baffle. The coupled FEM-FVM analysis was employed to effectively reflect the interaction between the interior liquid flow and the tank elastic deformation.