• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.351-360
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• 2015

The study examines the effects of the Cnidium officinale Makino water extract on hyperlipidemia. For this, three levels (low, moderate, and high) of the Cnidium officinale Makino water extract were supplemented to six-week-old male sprague Dawley rats for five weeks. According to the results, serum total lipid, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol levels showed significant decreases (p<0.05) in the group with the Cnidium officinale Makino water extract. The serum total lipid level decreased by 8~22%; the triglyceride level, by 13~25%; the total cholesterol level, by 6~23%; and the LDL cholesterol level, by 14~25%. Total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the liver were significantly lower in the group with the Cnidium officinale Makino water extract than in the control group (p<0.05), and fecal total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly higher in the group with the Cnidium officinalle Makino water extract. These results suggest that the Cnidium officinale Makino water extract in the hypercholesterol diet may reduce hyperlipidemia, a major cause of cardiovascular disease, by reducing serum cholesterol and triglyceride level in the liver through the facilitation of their excretion by feces.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.273-279
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to determine the independent and the combined effects of cell cultured Acanthopanax senticosus extracts (ASE) supplementation and swimming exercise on body weight, lipid profile, carnitine and leptin levels in C57 BL/6J mice. Forty C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups: non-supplement and non-exercise (NSNE); non-supplement and exercise (NSE); supplement and non-exercise (SNE); supplement and exercise (SE) mice. They were allowed free access to food and water. The exercised groups were forced to swim (1hr, 6 days a week) in a water bath for 12 weeks. The supplemented groups were fed Cell cultured ASE (0.5 g/kg body weight/day) for 12 weeks. In this study, we found that the combination of Cell cultured ASE supplementation and exercise significantly decreased liver triglyceride (TG) level and serum leptin level but significantly increased serum HDL-cholesterol level compare to control (NSNE) group. These improved lipid profiles and decreased serum leptin would have positive effects on obesity and cardiovascular disease.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1164-1172
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• 1997

In this study we investigated the effects of dietary fat sources and onion on serum lipid levels in rats. One hundred twenty female Wistar rats two weeks old were randomly divided into five groups of 24 animals assigned to one of the ive modalities : Control group was fed only basal diet containing 6.3% of corn oil, T and L group were administered 6.3% beef tallow and lard substituted for corn oil in basal diet, LOv and LOx group were given same amount of lard as L group together with 4.2ml of onion juice/kg body weight, and 8.2ml of onion juice/kg body weight respectively. Six randomly selected rats from each group were evaluated for hematologic and serum biochemical parameters weekly. Over 4 week experiments it was found that the triglyceride and cholesterol levels were significantly elevated in T and L group compared with the control group. Triglyceride contents were significantly increased in L group compared with T group. But there was no difference in cholesterol levels between L and T group. LOv diet did not decrease significantly the triglyceride and cholesterol levels, but LOx group significantly did compared with L diet. LOx group had nearly normal values of bilirubin, creatinine, uric acid level and hemoglobin contents cut slightly increased levels in the glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase activities.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.825-833
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• 1995

This study was performed to investigate the influence of dietary fiber, which from whole food on the serum lipid level and bowel function in rats. The fiber sources of experimental diets were prepared by drying and milling of small water dropwort(WD), mugwort(MW), butterbur(BB) and apple(AP). Each fiber sources was mixed at the 15% level of the diet. The level of dietary fiber in WD, MW, BB diets was similar but that in AP diet was slightly low. Male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were blocked into 5 groups ; WD, MW, BB, AP, FF(fiber free). The animals were fed ad libitum each of experimental diets for 37 days. Food intake of AP and FF groups were than other groups, FF group was lower than other grous in food efficiency ratio. MW group showed highest level in fecal weight and fecal water content and group has the longest transit time compare to other groups. Serum triglyceride level was not significantly different among groups. BB group showed the lowest level in the serum total cholesterol. WD and MW groups showed slightly higher level in the serum HDL cholesterol than other groups. Mucosa weight was not significantly different among groups. The activity of maltase in mucosa of small intestine was highest in FF groups. Absorption rates of calcium were not significantly different among groups. Absorption rate of magnesium was higher in FF group compare to others. And, absorption rates of phosphorus in MW and FF groups were slightly lower than other groups.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.344-351
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of isoflavones on lipid concentrations and hepatic LDL receptor mRNA level in growing female rats. Twenty four rats (body weight $75\pm5g$) were randomly assigned to one of two groups, consuming control diet or isoflavones supplemented diet (57mg isoflavones/100g diet). All rats has been fed on experimental diet and deionized water ad libitum for 9 weeks. The concentration of triglyceride and total cholesterol were measured in serum and liver. Serum HDL cholesterol was measured. Hepatic LDL receptor mRNA level was tested by RT-PCR. Supplementation of isoflavones did not affect weight gain, mean food intake and food efficiency ratio. Serum total cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol of isoflavones supplemented rats were significantly lower than those of control rats (p<0.05). But hepatic cholseterol was not influenced by supplementation of isoflavones. Hepatic LDL receptor mRNA level not significantly different between control group and isoflavones supplemented group. Therefore, isoflavones may be beneficial on serum cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol lowering in growing female rats.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.245-254
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• 2003

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of P/S ratio of fatty acid and antioxidant (vitamin E, selenium) supplements on the serum lipid levels and hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity in rats. Female 16-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were fed 6 different experimental diets for 4 weeks. While the peroxidizability index (PI) levels of fatty acids in the experimental diets were fixed at 81.22, the levels of P/S ratio of fatty acids were formulated at 0.38, 1.00, 4.81 (LP, MP, HP). These diets were supplemented with vitamin E (1,000 mg/kg diet) and selenium (2.5 mg/kg diet) (LP-S, MP-S, HP-S). This study showed that the serum concentrations of total-cholesterol and HDL-C increased with the increasing of the P/S ratio in the diet (p <0.05). Antioxidant supplementation significantly lowered the concentrations of triglyceride (TG) and VLDL-C of serum (p<0.05). Levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) in the liver tended to decrease with the increasing of the P/S ratio in the diet (p<0.001), but antioxidant enzyme activity in the liver was not significantly different. In addition, antioxidant supplementation significantly lowered TBARS level in the liver (p<0.05), but had no effect on antioxidant enzyme activity except for glutathione reductase (p<0.05). In conclusion, it is necessary to consider the properties of dietary fatty acids and antioxidants supplementation for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.170-179
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• 1994

Atherosclerosis, a multifactorial disease, is closely related to lipid nutrition , Data from well known epidemiological studies including Seven Country , Framinghsam Study and several intervention trials have confirmed that serum cholesterol is the major risk factor and elevation of LDL-cholesterol level is most undesriable. On the basis of results concurring in that dietary saturated fat and cholesterol increase serum cholesterol while polyunsaturated fat decrease it, changes in serum choesterol level have been predicted by regression equations developed by Keys et al. and other investigators. Effects of individual fatty acids on the level of serum cholesterol have been further differentiated by chain length, cis-trans isomers and n-6 vs n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Among them the effect of n-3 fatty acids has been well recogniaed as antiplatelet activity, thus reducing the incidence of atherosclerosis. Role of vitamin E in prevention of atherosclerosis has been evovled from works showing that LDL oxdiation stimulates formation of ateroma and also from epidemiologic studies. Dietary recommendations at present are : (ⅰ) 30 and 10 cal % as upper limit of total and saturated fat intakes, respectively (ⅱ) no more than 300 mg cholesterol/day, (ⅲ) 1-2 g of n-3 fatty acid/day and (ⅳ) some increase RDA of vitamin E which is 8-10 TE.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.225-234
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• 2002

This study was designed to determine changes of nutritional status, diabetic indices and serum lipid composition in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients during intake of diabetic-oriented convenience food prepared from 7 medicinal plants and chicken. We conducted dietary, anthropometric and biochemical assessments before and after the intake of diabetic oriented food. Once a day, in the study, their normal lunch was replaced by the diabetic-oriented convenience food diet for 30 consecutive days. It was found that the nutrients of the diet were well-balanced, and the intake levels nearly approached those of the RDA. Obesity rate, body fat, and body weight were significantly lower than those of a normal diet. The average fasting blood glucose significantly decreased while the insulin level significantly increased after the intake of diabetic meal. Also the total serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels significantly decreased. The above results indicate that diabetic-oriented convenience food prepared from 7 medicinal plants and chicken may be used as a diet regime fer controlling the diabetes mellitus on a regular basis.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.986-992
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• 2003

This study was performed to investigate the effects of a levan diet on the body fat accumulation and serum lipid composition of 29 Korean women over a period of up to 12 weeks (n=13 for the control group, n=16 for the levan group). The subjects ate an uncooked diet (6 g) with 400$m\ell$ of tap water twice a day. The mean body weight and height measurements of the subjects (levan group) at the outset were 66.0$\pm$8.8kg and 156.7$\pm$5.3cm, respectively. The subjects showed a significant reduction in weight, body fat mass, anthropometric measurements and skinfold thickness during the experimental period. The waist hip ratio (WHR) was 0.88$\pm$0.03 at the outset, and fell to 0.82$\pm$0.05 after 4 weeks. The intake of levan was also influenced on the levels of serum Fe, leptin, lipoprotein lipase, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride. The serum glucose levels were within the normal range during the experimental period. The initial serum triglyceride level was 121mg/dl, but fell to 103mg/dl after 4 weeks of levan supplementation. The current study demonstrates that a levan diet is effective in controlling weight, body fat, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride levels.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.224-229
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• 1993

The feeding effects of Rosa rugosa roots powder extracted with two different extracting solvents on lipid metabolism in rats were evaluated. Rats were fed with purified diets containing methanol or 70% aqueous acetone extracts at a 1% level for 4 weeks. In addition, to examine the effects of age, rats with different ages (4weeks old vs. 3 months old) were fed with purified diets containing methanol extracts at a 1% level for 4weeks. Feeding of methanol extracts decreased the concentration of triacylglycerol in serum and liver, whereas the aqueous acetone extracts lowered the concentration of liver triacylglycerol with concomitant elevation of the concentration of serum triacylglycerol. The methanol extracts ameliorated the degree of increase in the serum triacylglycerol level in relation to age and decreased especially the concentration of free fatty acid in serum of adult rats. The results suggested possibility that the regulatory mechanism responsible for triacylglycerol-lowering effects of Rosa rugosa roots extracts in the liver could be modulated by differences in the components of extracts due to the variation in extracting solvents, and that the methanol extracts might be effective in lowering an age-dependent increase in the concentration of serum and liver triacylglycerol in rats.