• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 1999년도 IFSCC . ASCS 학술대회 발표 논문
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• pp.132-132
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• 1999

In the cosmetics field, facial skins have been classified into four types according to self estimation as well as physiological parameters. The aim of this study is to understand skin condition in the levels and composition of stratum corneum (SC) lipids, and to propose new classification for skin types. We assessed the relationship between the SC lipid composition and the self-estimated skin types or physiological parameters of the skin. Sensitive skin has been of great concern over the last decades, and it should be recognized as a skin type. Therefore, we also investigated the influence of the SC lipid composition on variations of sensitivity evaluated by the Stinging Test. Fifty-five healthy Japanese women aged 22-44 participated in this study. Skin biopsies were taken from facial skin using polyethylene sheet with cyanoacrylate. SC lipids were extracted and separated into individual lipid classes. The combined ceramides and cholesterol were quantified by HPTLC. Free fatty acid was quantified according to the ACS-ACOD method. Instrumental measurements were made at the site around the biopsy. In addition, the Stinging Test and a sensory evaluation questionnaire were administered to all subjects. The generally recognized O-D skin type classification is dependent on the consumer`s subjective assessment with respect to their skin troubles. The product of hydration state and skin surface lipid level showed a significant correlation with self-estimated skin types. The oily-dry skin type classified according to physiological parameters as well as SC lipid levels should be characterized as delicate skin with its barrier function deteriorating in the winter. Two groups of sensitive skin were established. One is the barrier function of the skin is deteriorated, and another is the sebaceous gland activity is in decline.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.128-137
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• 2021

Objective The purpose of this study was to confirm the effectiveness of coptidis rhizoma extract-ceramide complex on skin barrier, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and pH reduction, and inflammation of the skin. Methods Coptidis rhizoma extract-ceramide complex was applied in 6-week-old Balb/C mice after dermatitis was induced. To confirm the skin condition changes, TEWL and pH were observed, and filaggrin in the stratum corneum of the skin was observed. Kallikrein-related peptidase (KLK) 7, Protease activated receptor (PAR)-2, Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), and IL-4 were observed in the stratum corneum to confirm the changes in the inflammatory response. Results Filaggrin positive reaction was increased in the experiment group compared to the control group. TEWL and pH were lower in the experiment group compared to the control group. KLK7, PAR2, TSLP, and IL-4 positive responses were decreased in the experiment group compared to the control group. Conclusions It was confirmed that the coptidis rhizoma extract-ceramide complex can relieve the inflammatory response of atopic dermatitis by restoring the skin lipid barrier damage.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제20권1호통권32호
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• pp.99-114
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• 2007

Objectives : Atopic dermatitis has a close relationship with damage of skin barrier function. To investigate the effects of Bangpungtongsungsan(BT) extract to the skin damage on mice model after atopic dermatitis elicitation, this study was done through forcing injury to mice's skin. Methods : The BALB/c mice were distributed into three groups: control(CON) group, atopic dermatitis(AD)-elicited group, Bangpungtongsungsan(BT)-treated group. AD-elicited and BT-treated group were caused AD according to the method of Christophers E., Mrowietz and Minehiro. The BT extract was administered for 48 hours to BT-treated group. We observed changes of external dermal formation, eosinophils in vasculature, lipid formation in stratum corneum, distribution of ceramide, distribution of capillary, $I{\kappa}B$ kinase(IKK) and induce nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) mRNA expression. We used the statistical methods of student t-test(p<0.05). Results : After dispensing BT extract into the AD-elicited group, the number of eosinophil as an atopic index in mice noticeably decreased and dermal injury decreased. Also the decrease of hyperplasia, degranulated mast cells, angiogenesis and substance P were shown. The lipid lamellae, lipid protect formation, were repaired and the distribution of ceramide which inhibit protein kinase C(PKC) activation increased, and the PKC caused inhibition of nuclear $factor(NF)-{\kappa}B$ activation. As a result of inhibition of $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation, iNOS production were inhibited and apoptotic cell were increased. Moreover the decrease of IKK and iNOS mRNA expression in BT-treated RAW 264.7 cell were noted. Conclusion : BT mitigated skin damage on mice model after atopic dermatitis elicitation through recovering skin barrier function and inhibiting nuclear $factor(NF)-{\kappa}B$ activation.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.48-55
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• 2021

Objective The purpose of this study was to confirm the effects of Galgeunhwanggeumhwangryeon-tang in reducing inflammation through the endocannabinoid system (ECS) control in atopic dermatitis. Methods 8-week-old Balb/C mice were divided into 4 groups: contorl group (Ctrl), lipid barrier elimination group (ADE), palmitoylethanolamide treated group after lipid barrier elimination (PEA), and Galgeunhwanggeumhwangryeon-tang applied group after lipid barrier elimination (GGRT). After inducing atopic dermatitis, cannabinoid receptor (CB) 1, CB2, CD68, phosphorylated inhibitor kappa B (p-IκB), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), substance P and serotonin were observed to confirm the regulation of the ECS, macrophage activity and mast cell activity. Results CB1 and CB2 showed higher positive reactions in the GGRT than in the LBE and PEA. CD68, p-IκB and iNOS showed higher positive reaction in the LBE, PEA and GGRT than in the Ctrl, but the increase in the positive reaction was lower in the GGRT compared to the LBE and PEA. Substance P and serotonin showed higher positive reaction in the LBE, PEA and GGRT than in the Ctrl, but the increase in the positive reaction was lower in the GGRT compared to the LBE and PEA. Conclusions The effects of Galgeunhwanggeumhwangryeon-tang were confirmed though the regulation of the ECS, macrophage activity and mast cell activity.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.307-317
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• 2020

피부 표피의 장벽 구조는 신체 내부의 수분 손실을 방지하고 외부의 이물질의 침입을 막는데 핵심적인 구조이고 각질세포와 세포간 지질로 구성된다. 이 때, 피부 장벽의 세포간 지질은 orthorhombic 구조로 패킹되어있을 때 가장 강한 구조를 가지고 있다. 그러나 다양한 외부 원인에 의해 손상되어 hexagonal 구조로 변화한다. 이런 물리적인 구조의 변화는 FT-IR을 이용하여 지질의 CH₂-CH₂ scissoring band의 시그널은 분석하여 비 침습적으로 분석 가능하다. 본 연구에서는 SDS를 Porcine skin에 처리하여 피부 장벽 손상모델을 구축하고 FT-IR signal을 분석하여 패킹구조의 변화 정도를 수치화 하였다. 이후 화장품 제형의 처리에 따라서 손상 모델의 장벽 회복 여부를 판단하였다. 이를 통하여 기존의 피부 장벽의 수분 증발량을 분석하는 간접적인 측정 방식을 보완할 수 있다. 또한, 피부 장벽 구조의 물리적인 변화를 직접적이고 효율적으로 분석하는 방식으로 활용 가능하여 다양한 소재의 기능 규명과 제형의 검증에 사용될 수 있다.

• 한국임상수의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국임상수의학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.245-245
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• 2009

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.834-842
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• 2011

Gelatin-based edible coating was used to reduce the oxidative degradation of low-fat sausages (LFSs) stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 8 wk under vacuum packaging. The gelatin coating reduced thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and peroxide value by 21.5 and 26.5%, respectively, compared with the controls. The moisture barrier effect was significantly better for the gelatin coating compared to the control. The gelatin coating reduced moisture loss in sausages by 32.6% over the control. However, the gelatin coating of sausages did not inhibit the growth of either the total plate counts or L. monocytogenes. Data show that gelatin can effectively be used as a natural antioxidative and moisture barrier coating to extend the quality and shelf life of sausages.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.27-39
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• 1996

최근 in vitro 각질층 모델은 TEWL, 수분보유능 등 피부의 상태변화를 측정하기 위한 유용한 수단으로 이용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 노화에 따른 각질층의 상태 변화를 조사하기 위하여 in vitro 각질층 모델을 이용한 TEWL 측정, 각질층의 지질분석, 최외각 각질세포의 크기를 측정하였다. 실험 결과, 8주령 무모생쥐의 전체지질은 82 주령 무모생쥐보다 30%가량 많았으나 TEWL은 8주령 무모생쥐가 82주령된 무모생쥐보다 더 높았다. 또한 최외각 각질세포의 크기는 82주령의 무모생쥐가 8주령 보다 더 컸다. 따라서 각질층의 장벽기능은 노화에 따라 오히려 강화되고 있으며 이는 노화에 따른 피부의 활성저하에 대응한 일련의 현상으로 간주된다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.179-191
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• 2008

Background and Objectives : Atopic dermatitis is a recurrent or chronic eczematous skin disease with severe pruritus,and has increased in Korea. Although the pathogenic mechanisms of atopic dermatitis are yet unknown, recently skin barrier dysfunction and hyperresponsive Th2 cells in the acute phase have been reported as important mechanisms. Cheonggi-san(CGS) is used in oriental clinics for treatingacute skin lesions of eczema or urticaria. There have been no studies on the therapeutic mechanism of CGS for curing atopic dermatitis. We aimed to find out the therapeutic effects of its internaluse on atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions, induced in NC/Nga mice by the mite antigen D. pteronyssinus and disrupting skin barrier. Materials and Methods : The NC/Nga mice were classified into three groups: control group, atopic dermatitis elicitated group(AD), and CGS treated group (CT). Atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions were induced on the back of female NC/Nga mice, 12 weeks of age, by tape stripping, 5% SDS applied to disrupt skin barrier and painting 3 times a week with D. pteronyssinus crude extract solution for 3 weeks. CT was treated with CGS orally after atopic dermatitis was elicitated. We observed changes of skin damage, mast cells, substance P, angiogenesis, skin barrier, Th2 cell differentiation, nuclear factor-${\kappa}B(NF-{\kappa}B)$ p65 activation and COX-2 in NC/Nga mice with atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions. Results : The skin damages as eczema were seenin AD, but mitigated in CT. The degranulated mast cells in dermal papillae increased in AD, but decreased in CT. The substance P positive reacted cells in CT remarkably decreased. The angiogenesis increased in AD, but decreased in CT. The decrease of lipid deposition and ceramide in AD was seen, but anincrease of lipid deposition and ceramide in CT was seen. The distribution of IL-4 positive reacted cells in dermal papillae increased in AD, but decreased in CT. The distribution of NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 positive reacted cells & COX-2 positive reacted cells in CT decreased. Conclusion : The results may suggest that the CGS per os decreases the dysfunction of the skin barrier, inhibits Th2 cell differentiation and inhibits NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 activation in NC/Nga mice with atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.227-230
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• 2007

최근 기능성화장품과 피부관련 의약품 분야에서 multi-lamellar와 liquid crystal의 구조가 커다란 관심을 끌고 있다. 결합수와 고정된 유상을 함유하는 multi-lamellar 구조는 피부의 세포간지질의 lamellar 구조의 재건과 보습을 유지하는 작용으로써 보습기능이나 장벽기능의 복구에 우수하며, 이 지질들은 각질층에 침투하여 유지된다. 본 연구에서 고급 지방 알코올, 레시틴, 콜레스테롤을 사용하여 제조한 bio-mimic liquid crystal emulsion (BLCE)의 피부장벽 기능을 측정하였고 일반적인 계면활성제와 세포독성을 비교하였다.