• 복식문화연구
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.41-64
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• 1995

A clothing design preference & clothing satisfactions(a general satisfaction, fitness) was studied for women 55 years and older. The major results are as followings. In view of a clothing design preference, 1) Styles of outdoor clothes for spring-fall : ① Two-pieces ② Blouse(Sweater) & Slacks ③Blouse(Sweater) & Skirts. 2) Colors of clothes for seasons: (Spring - Pink, Light yellow, beige), (Summer - Light blue, Blue, Light green), (Fall - Brown, Red purple, Beige), (Winter - Black, Brown, Gray). 3) Fabric prints ; ① Unicolor without print ② Geometric print ③ Traditional print. 4) Kinds of textiles : ① Easy Laundriability ② A style of dressing ③ Uncrumple. In view of clothing satisfactions for ready made clothes, they have unsatisfactory trends as following orders. 1) Considering a general satisfaction : ① Clothing which go with oneself ② Fitness ③ Matching with other clothes. 2) Considering fitness for clothes : ① Sleve length ② Shoulder width ③ Length in Blouse (Sweater) & Jacket, ① Length ② Waist ③ Girth of hip (under abdomen) in slacks (skirts).

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.524-534
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• 2010

Glass was fabricated using refused coal ore obtained from the Dogye coal mine in Samcheok. We additionally used soda ash and calcium carbonate to make a glass with the chemical composition of soda-lime glass, and we also used white, brown, and green glass cullet to make various kinds of colored glass. Transparent glass was fabricated by melting batch materials including refused coal ore at $1550^{\circ}C$ for 1 hr in an electrical furnace. The light transmittance and color chromaticity were measured by a UV/VIS/NIR spectrometer. Transparent glass with a light transmittance of over 80% was fabricated using normal refused coal ore and white glass cullet. Various kinds of colored glass with a light transmittance of 30-80% were fabricated using refused coal ore and brown or green glass cullet. The light transmittance of the mixed color glass samples, fabricated using normal refused coal ore and brown glass cullet and green glass cullet, indicated 30-47%, a relatively low value, in the condition of a cullet ratio of 20-50%. The characteristics of the color chromaticity of the glass samples were indicated in a chromaticity diagram by x-coordinates, y-coordinates, Y (lightness). The values of x-coordinates and y-coordinates were moved with a regular directional property according to the kind and amount of glass cullet. Therefore, we concluded that refused coal ore can be used for raw materials of color glass products like art glass and glass tile.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.207-222
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• 2018

In this study, light absorption of carbonaceous species in $PM_{2.5}$ was investigated using a dual-spot 7-wavelength Aethalometer(model AE33) with 1-min time interval between January 01 and September 30, 2017 at an urban site of Gwangju. During the study period, two Asian dust (AD) events occurred in April (AD I) and May (AD II), respectively, during which light absorption in total suspended particles was observed. Black carbon (BC) was the dominant light absorbing aerosol component at all wavelengths over the study period. Light absorption coefficients by aerosol particles were found to have 2.7~3.3 times higher at 370 nm than at 880 nm. This would be attributed to light absorbing organic aerosols, which is called brown carbon (BrC), as well as BC as absorbing agents of aerosol particles. Monthly average absorption ${{\AA}}ngstr{\ddot{o}}m$ exponent ($AAE_{370-950nm}$) calculated over wavelength range of 370~950 nm ranged from 1.10 to 1.35, which was lower than the $AAE_{370-520nm}$ values ranging from 1.19~1.68 that was enhanced due to the presence of BrC. The estimated $AAE_{370-660nm}$ of BrC ranged from 2.2 to 7.5 with an average of 4.22, which was fairly consistent to the values reported by previous studies. The BrC absorption at 370 nm contributed 10.4~28.4% to the total aerosol absorption, with higher contribution in winter and spring and lower in summer. Average $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations were $108{\pm}36$ and $24{\pm}14{\mu}g/m^3$ during AD I, respectively, and $164{\pm}66$ and $43{\pm}26{\mu}g/m^3$ during AD II, respectively, implying the greater contribution of local pollution and/or regional pollution to $PM_{2.5}$ during the AD II. BC concentration and aerosol light absorption at 370 nm were relatively high in AD II, compared to those in AD I. Strong spectral dependence of aerosol light absorption was clearly found during the two AD events. $AAE_{370-660nm}$ of both light absorbing organic aerosols and dust particles during the AD I and II was $4.8{\pm}0.5$ and $6.2{\pm}0.7$, respectively. Higher AAE value during the AD II could be attributed to mixed enhanced urban pollution and dust aerosols. Absorption contribution by the light absorbing organic and dust aerosols estimated at 370 nm to the total light absorption was approximately 19% before and after the AD events, but it increased to 32.9~35.0% during the AD events. In conclusion, results from this study support enhancement of the aerosol light absorption due to Asian dust particles observed at the site.

• 화훼연구
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.73-76
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• 2010

절화용 스프레이국화 '브라운엔디'는 황색의 아네모네 화형인 '노을'에 분홍색의 아네모네 화형인 '달마'를 2003년 10월에 교배를 하여 얻은 계통으로부터 선발하였다. 2005년부터 3년간 촉성재배, 자연재배, 억제재배 등 특성검정을 실시하였다. '브라운엔디'는 연분홍색의 아네모네 화형으로 10월 하순에 자연개화하는 중생 추국으로 자연재배시 본당 착화수는 10.6개이며, 꽃의 직경은 4.1cm이다. 촉성재배시 개화소요일수는 59일이었고, 본당 착화수는 9.1개였다. 억제재배시의 개화소요일수는 49일이었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.1-1
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• 1995

Casein or soybean protein was subjected to there action with caffeic acidtyrosinase system at 30-35$\circ$C, pH 6.8 with aeration for 5hr. The resulting brown proteins were washed with acetone until the washings were on longer colored. However, modified protein still retained a light brown. The effects of the modified proteins and brown compounds on male Wistar strain rats were studied by pair-feeding of a cholesterol-free diet for 14days. Significant decrease in protein digestibility for the rats fed with the modified proteins were observed. Weight gain and protein digestibility were not influenced by feeding brown compounds, but the feeding of brown compound from casein caused an enlargement of caecum. The concentrations of serum cholesterol and triglyceride in the rats fed with modified proteins and brown compounds were mostly unchanged against the rats fed with untreated proteins. These results suggest that the decrease in protein digestibility induced by enzymic browning-reaction did not cause the decrease in concentration of serum cholesterol.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2012

목적: 본 연구는 노인성 황반변성(age-related macular degeneration, AMD)의 병인으로 잘 알려진 A2E의 광산화가 자외선 차단렌즈나 brown 착색렌즈에 의해 억제되는가를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 두 분자의 all-trans-retinal과 한 분자의 ethanolamine을 합성하여 만든 A2E에 청색광(420~470 nm, $94mW/cm^2$)을 3분 동안 조사하여 광산화를 유도하였다. UV 차단 및 brown 착색 안경렌즈의 A2E의 광산화 저해 효과는 광산화되지 않고 남아있는 A2E의 흡광도와 HPLC chromatogram 분석을 통하여 확인하였다. 결과: 자외선 차단렌즈는 청색광 조사로 유발되는 A2E의 광산화를 억제하지 못하였다. 반면 Brown 착색렌즈에서는 가시광선 차단율이 15%인 경우 A2E의 광산화율에는 별차이가 없었지만, 55%와 86% 차단된 렌즈에서는 각각 9.98%, 16.55%의 A2E 광산화 억제 효과를 보였다. HPLC로 분석한 잔존 A2E량을 확인해 보면 렌즈로 차단하지 않은 A2E의 잔존량은 $199.29{\pm}26.53{\mu}M$ 이었으나, 55% 차단율을 가진 brown 렌즈는 $264.58{\pm}31.91{\mu}M$, 86% 차단율을 가진 렌즈에서는 $402.93{\pm}26.68{\mu}M$의 A2E 잔존량을 보여 A2E 광산화 억제효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 반면, 자외선 차단렌즈의 경우에는 잔존량 분석에서도 광산화 억제효과가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 본 연구결과를 통하여 brown 착색 안경렌즈는 노인성 황반변성의 원인물질인 A2E의 광산화를 억제하는 효과가 있는 것으로 알 수 있었다.

• ALGAE
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.163-174
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• 2022

Light-emitting-diodes (LEDs) are a lighting source useful for the precise evaluation of light quality effect on biological systems. Despite the importance of light spectra on the regeneration of land plant protoplasts ("naked cells"), this factor has not been tested yet on protoplasts from multicellular algae. This study reports on the effects of pure primary colors (red, blue, and green), dichromatic (red plus blue, RB, 1 : 2) and white LEDs on protoplast regeneration from male and female Undaria pinnatifida gametophytes. We also evaluated the effect of different light spectra on pigment composition (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll c, and fucoxanthine), and the light intensities under the best condition on the regeneration process. In the early stages, blue or RB LEDs increased the percentage of dividing female protoplasts, whereas red, blue, and RB LEDs enhanced that of dividing male protoplasts. In the later stages, RB LEDs showed a positive effect only on the percentage of multiple rhizoid-like protrusions (male gametophyte). They also increased the final area of both regenerated gametophytes. The LEDs did not affect pigment composition in female gametophytes. In male gametophytes, in contrast, they reduced chlorophyll c, while blue, RB, and green LEDs decreased fucoxanthin. Under RB LEDs, the optimal light intensity was 80 µmol photons m^-2 s^-1 for female gametophytes and 40 to 60 µmol photons m^-2 s^-1 for male gametophytes. Our results suggest that dichromatic LED illumination (red-blue) improves regeneration of U. pinnatifida gametophyte-isolated protoplasts. Thus, dichromatic LEDs might a suitable light source for enhancing protoplast regeneration in brown seaweeds.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.811-823
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• 2021

Objective: Eggshell color is an important indicator of egg quality for consumers, especially for brown eggs. Various factors related to laying hens and their environment affect brown eggshell coloration. However, there have been no studies investigating hepatic functions of laying hens with variable intensity of brown eggshell color. Therefore, this study was aimed to identify potential factors affecting brown eggshell coloration in aged laying hens at the hepatic transcriptomic level. Methods: Five hundred 92-wk-old Hy-line Brown laying hens were screened to select laying hens with different intensity of brown eggshell color based on eggshell color fans. Based on eggshell color scores, hens with dark brown eggshells (DBE; eggshell color fan score = 14.8) and hens with light brown eggshells (LBE; eggshell color fan score = 9.7) were finally selected for the liver sampling. We performed RNA-seq analysis using the liver samples through the paired-end sequencing libraries. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) profiling was carried out to identify their biological meaning by bioinformatics. Results: A total of 290 DEGs were identified with 196 being up-regulated and 94 being down-regulated in DBE groups as compared to LBE groups. The Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that these DEGs belong to several biological pathways including herpes simplex infection (toll-like receptor 3 [TLR3], cyclin-dependent kinase 1, etc.) and influenza A (TLR3, radical S-adenosyl methionine domain containing 2, myxovirus [influenza virus] resistance 1, etc.). Genes related to stress response (ceremide kinase like) and nutrient metabolism (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy-kinase 1, methylmalonic aciduria [cobalamin deficiency] cblB type, glycine receptor alpha 2, solute carrier family 7 member 11, etc.) were also identified to be differentially expressed. Conclusion: The current results provide new insights regarding hepatic molecular functions related to different intensity of brown eggshell color in aged laying hens. These insights will contribute to future studies aiming to optimize brown eggshell coloration in aged laying hens.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.601-613
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• 2007

In this research, 128 stimuli of contrast coloration of lipstick and clothing were evaluated to the degree of harmony in the coordination of makeup and clothing color depending on the combination of eyeshadow color(brown, violet), lipstick color(red, orange, and purple), lipstick tone(vivid, light, dull, and dark), clothing style(formal, casual), and clothing tone(vivid, light, dull, and dark). Sets of stimulus and response scales were used as experimental materials. The subjects were 768 female undergraduates living in Gyeongsangnam-do. As to the brown eyeshadow, dull lipstick and light, dull clothing, vivid, dull, dark lipstick and dark clothing among the combinations of red lipstick and blue green clothing, dull lipstick and light, dull, dark clothing, dark lipstick and dull, dark clothing among the combinations of orange lipstick and purplish blue clothing were evaluated as harmonious coloration regardless of the clothing style. As to the violet eyeshadow, combinations of red lipstick and blue green clothing and combinations of red purple lipstick and yellow green clothing wide come out range of disharmony. Thus, the degree of harmony in the contrast coloration can be perceived to be different depending on how the color and tone of clothing and lipstick are coordinate.

• Mycobiology
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.6-10
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• 2004

White and brown strains of Flammulina velutipes were inter-crossed. All $F_1$ showed light-brown fruitbody, suggesting that a gene for the brown fruitbody was incompletely dominant against the white one. And backcross experiment showed that more than two genes were involved in color determination. To isolate a molecular marker linked to fruitbody color, a set of primers was designed from a sequence of clones derived by a bulked segregant analysis. These markers showed a specific band which co-segregated with brown fruitbody forming strains.