• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.275-282
• /
• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of fibrinogen genotype and other characteristics on the plasma fibrinogen levels. Many studies have conformed that high plasma fibrinogen levels are associated with the increased risk of ischaemic heart disease, stroke and arterial disease. And fibrinogen levels are related with age, obesity, cholesterol and alcohol consumption, genotypes. For this study the blood samples were collected from 93 healthy Koreans (66 males and 27 females). The blood samples were individually analyzed by smoking status, cholesterol levels, genotype, age, and gender. The plasma fibrinogen was assayed by clotting method (modified Clauss assay) and cholesterol was assayed by cholesterol oxidase method. Subjects were classified by current smokers, ex-smokers (<6 month), or nonsmokers. The $\beta$-fibrinogen genotype was detected by PCR of relevant region and digestion with HaeIII, with the H$_1$H$_1$ allele allowing cleavage by this restriction enzyme and H$_2$H$_2$ allele being refractory. In conclusion, the study shows that the factor of the increasement in the fibrinogen level was closely related with the cholesterol level, smoking status and genotype (H$_1$H$_2$); but there was no significant difference by gender, Especially, among the people over 50 years of age, fibrinogen level was higher with the increasement of cholesterol level (<200 mg/dl), current smoker, and genotype H$_1$H$_2$.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.90-94
• /
• 2013

Background: This study was conducted to examine if basal luteinizing hormone (LH) levels could be useful for screening central precocious puberty (CPP) in girls. Methods: A total of 90 girls under the age of 8 years were included in this study. They underwent the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation test at Good Gang-An Hospital from March 2008 to December 2012 for evaluation of premature sexual development. Patients were classified into two groups: the pubertal response group of patients who had 5 IU/L peak LH levels in the GnRH stimulation test, and the prepubertal response group of patients who had LH levels <5 IU/L. Chronological and bone ages, height, weight, body mass index, gonadotropin response to GnRH stimulation, and basal levels of LH, follicle-stimulating hormone, and estradiol were studied in both groups. The relationship between basal LH and peak-stimulated LH was evaluated using Spearman's correlation. To determine the optimal cut-off values of basal LH levels for differentiating between two groups, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were analyzed. Results: When the correlation between basal LH levels and peak LH after GnRH stimulation was analyzed in all subjects (N=90), basal LH levels had a statistically significant positive correlation with peak stimulated LH levels (rs=0.493, p<0.001). The cut-off level of optimal basal LH was 0.1 IU/L, according to the ROC curves. Its sensitivity was 73.3%, and its specificity was 77.8%. Conclusion: The study results showed that serum basal LH levels are useful for screening CPP in girls.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제56권5호
• /
• pp.422-430
• /
• 2023

Objectives: Prolactin is vital for breastfeeding and milk production, and its secretion is influenced by factors related to the mother, infant, and environment. To date, no study has concurrently investigated the correlation of these factors with serum prolactin levels during lactation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the correlations among maternal and infant factors, lead exposure, and serum prolactin levels during lactation. Methods: A cross-sectional approach was employed in Surabaya, Indonesia, among 110 exclusively lactating mothers. The mothers' daily diets were determined using multiple 24-hour recalls, while blood lead levels were measured with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Serum prolactin levels were assessed using the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. For bivariate analysis, we employed the Spearman correlation, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests, while for multivariate analysis, we utilized multiple linear regression. Results: The average serum prolactin level of the lactating mothers was 129.19±88.96 ng/mL. Positive correlations were found between serum prolactin levels and breastfeeding frequency (p<0.001), protein intake (p<0.001), and calcium intake (p=0.011) but had negative correlation with blood lead levels (p<0.001) and vitamin B6 intake (p=0.003). Additionally, prolactin levels were not significantly associated with maternal age; parity; intake of calories, vitamin D, vitamin E, zinc, folic acid, magnesium, or iron; infant age; or infant sex. Conclusions: Breastfeeding frequency had a stronger positive relationship with serum prolactin levels than protein and calcium intake. However, lead exposure was associated with reduced serum prolactin levels during lactation. Consequently, specific interventions from policymakers are necessary to manage breastfeeding in mothers exposed to lead.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제58권9호
• /
• pp.325-329
• /
• 2015

Purpose: In addition to regulating calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and bone metabolism, vitamin D is known as an immune modulator. Recently, there has been increased worldwide interest in the association between low levels of vitamin D and allergic diseases. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and allergic/vasomotor rhinitis (AR/VR) in children. Methods: This study included 164 patients. The sample included 59 patients with AR, 42 patients with VR, and 63 controls. Their ages ranged from 0 to 16 years. We examined the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, Immunoglobulin E, specific IgE, and eosinophil cationic protein; peripheral blood eosinophil count; and the results of a skin prick test. Results: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were $19.0{\pm}8.5ng/mL$ in the AR group, $25.5{\pm}10.9ng/mL$ in the VR group, and $26.9{\pm}10.7ng/mL$ in the control group. After adjustment for body mass index and season at the time of blood sampling, vitamin D levels in the AR group were lower than those of the VR group (P=0.003) and control group (P<0.001). Vitamin D levels were inversely correlated with Immunoglobulin E levels (r=-0.317, P<0.001). AR patients with food allergy or atopic dermatitis did not have lower levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D than AR patients without these diseases. Conclusion: This study demonstrates a possible relationship between vitamin D levels and allergic rhinitis in Korean children.

• 한국사회복지학
• /
• 제62권1호
• /
• pp.109-132
• /
• 2010

본 연구의 목적은 가구원의 우울정도에 영향을 미치는 가구내 경제요인이 무엇인지를 가구의 소득수준별로 알아보는 것이다. 이를 위해 한국복지패널 1,2차년도 자료를 활용하여 패널 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 가구원이 인식하는 주관적인 가족수입 만족도 변화가 우울정도에 미치는 영향력이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 일반 가구원의 경우 직접적인 소득이나 지출관련 변수들의 변화가 우울변화에 영향을 미치는 반면, 저소득층 가구원의 경우는 이러한 변수들이 우울에 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 통제변수중에서는 나이, 혼인상태, 교육수준 등이 유의미한 영향요인이었다. 이러한 결과를 통하여 우울의 차이를 가져오는 가구 경제요인이 무엇인지를 탐색적으로 이해하였으며, 우울과 관련한 사회복지적 개입에 있어서 가구경제 지원에 대한 정책적 방향을 논의하였다.

• 한국항만경제학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 2006

This paper analyzes how levels of logistics standardization are related to logistics costs. The study surveyed ratios of standard pallet use in order to measure levels of firms' standardization in logistics management. Research focused on how firms' logistics costs were related to their levels of logistics standardization and ratios of standard pallet use. After measuring use of standard pallets and logistics costs, optimal levels of logistics standardization were estimated based on survey data. Logistics costs and standardization were more related to labor than to freight volume or export. Results indicated that firms could reduce logistics costs by raising levels of logistics standardization; optimal levels of standard pallet use out of Korean firms' total manufacturing cargo volume were estimated at 44.26% for multi-standard pallets and 57.99% for a single standard pallet (a unit load system). The study demonstrated that adopting a single standard pallet results in better cost saving logistics systems than use of multi-standard pallet types. These results may explain why firms pursue standardization in logistics systems.

• 아동학회지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.137-152
• /
• 1996

The goal of this study was to investigate how daily experiences of schoolwork and leisure activities explained cultural differences in levels of adolescent depression. A combined sample of 58 high school seniors in Korea and 62 high school seniors in the United States reported time use patterns and affect states in daily activities and levels of depression. The time use pattern in daily independent study during class hours and in active leisure activities significantly explained cultural differences in levels of depression. Affect states in all schoolwork activities and passive leisure activities also significantly explained cultural differences in levels of depression. These findings suggest that Korean adolescents' experience of 'exam hell', particularly the lack of active leisure activities and more negative emotional experiences of daily activities are partly responsible for their higher depression relative to American counterparts.

• 품질경영학회지
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.47-60
• /
• 2002

Recently, the range of using Internet in business is expanding rapidly. And through Internet, companies are strengthening both their internal efficiency and their external competitive advantage in the market. In recent years, building and managing companies' web sites are becoming unavoidable tasks in business. Such a trend is becoming more imperative in business over the world. There is a great deal of research in progress to study the cases of companies with increasing performance from the use of their Internet web sites. But it is considered that there has not been enough of study in the area of levels of Internet application in business especially in strategic areas and application levels among countries. This research is in the same line of the research that was carried out on such topics in 1999. study in 1999 showed that there are significant differences in the usage levels of Internet in business between countries with long history of using Internet and those who are not. The 1999 study also suggested the model on development stages of Internet usage in business. This study is the continuation of the 1999 research and used two years of data to compare and analyze the trend of the Internet development stages in leading corporations in Korea, U.S.A., and Japan. This study found that there have been significant developments in the ability to use Internet in business in three countries. The differences in Internet usage level in each stage among different countries are compared and analyzed in this study.

• 아동학회지
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.65-81
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between career maturity, anxiety and school related adjustments levels of adolescents. A sample of 319 1th grade high school students in Seoul Metropolitan area participated in this study. The subjects completed questionnaires on the levels of school related adjustments, anxiety and career maturity. Data were analyzed by means of Pearson's correlation coefficients, as well as multiple and hierarchical regressions. Career maturity, as well as anxiety was founded to be a predictor to the school related adjustments levels of adolescents; significant interactional effects were found between career maturity and anxiety in terms of school related adjustments. These results indicate the need for possible interventions in relation to adolescents' anxiety levels and to improve the school related adjustments levels of adolescents.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.330-340
• /
• 2001

This study is to select food offered with higher frequency at restaurants such as hamburger, pizza, chicken, gimbap(boiled rice rolled in laver with seasonings stuffed), and calgooksu(Korean traditional noodles); identify customers' expectation and satisfaction levels on food and service quality and analyze correlation according to each food. The survey was conducted from March 1 to March 24, 2000, by distributing questionnaires. Statistical data analysis was completed using SPSS for t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation analysis. The results of this study were as follows: 1) It is revealed that overall average satisfaction levels on food quality according to individuals' trait came out significantly low compared to their expectation levels, and that balance in nutrition and reasonable prices had problems in relation to food quality. 2) Customers' expectation levels on food quality came out the highest with calgooksu and gimbap, and their satisfaction levels came out the highest with pizza. 3) Customers' overall average expectation levels on service quality showed a very high point, while their satisfaction levels showed a low point with significance. 4) Hamburger was poor in hygiene; pizza showed the highest satisfaction levels over its quality with significance, and calgooksu and gimbap showed very low satisfaction levels over their service quality. 5) Correlation between customers' expectation and satisfaction levels over the nutritional balance and proper taste of the food quality came out significant. 6) Pizza and chicken showed significant correlation with regard to atmosphere, service, and hygiene variables (p<0.01).