• Journal of mucopolysaccharidosis and rare diseases
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.35-37
• /
• 2016

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) often develops type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) related to severe obesity. The prevalence of T2DM in adults with PWS (7-20%) exceeds greatly the prevalence in the general population (5-7%). It is uncommon for pre-pubertal children with PWS to develop overt diabetes or glucose intolerance. GH therapy and genotype did not influence the development of altered glucose metabolism. It has been assumed that T2DM in PWS develops as a consequence of morbid obesity and concomitant insulin resistance. However recent studies suggest the relationship between morbid obesity and T2DM development is more complex and appears to differ in PWS subjects compared to non-PWS subjects. PWS patients had relatively lower fasting insulin levels and increased adiponectin levels compared with BMI-matched obese control despite of similar levels of leptin. So PWS children may be protected to some extent form of obesity-associated insulin resistance. Although there's no data, it seems logical to approach diabetes management including weight loss and increased exercise, using similar pharmacological agents as with non-PWS obesity-related diabetes such as metformin or thiazolidinedione, with the introduction of insulin as required. On the other hand, several recent T2DM in PWS case reports suggest favorable outcomes using Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analog with regard to ghrelin reduction, control of glucose and appetite, weight loss and pre-prandial insulin secretion. The role of GLP-1 agonist therapy is promising, but has not yet been fully elucidated.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.150-156
• /
• 1996

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I) is a mitogenic peptide with molecular mass of 7kDa. It is produced mainly in the liver and has important functions in the regulation of development and somatic growth. Recently, several investigations were undertaken to examine the biological actions and structures of IGF-I in fish. In this study, the serum levels of IGF-I were estimated from flounder, Parlichthys oilvaceus, before, during and after fasting, and the levels were accounted for 47 ng/ml, 40 ng/ml and 45 ng/ml, respectively. These results suggest that food deprivation primarily reduces IGF-I level in the blood.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.1217-1233
• /
• 2017

Effective monitoring and testing during each step are essential for document verification in research and development (R&D) projects. In software development, proper testing is required to verify it carefully and constantly because of the invisibility features of software. However, not enough studies on test processes for R&D projects have been done. Thus, in this paper, we introduce a Test Maturity Model integration (TMMi)-based software field R&D test process that offers five integrity levels and makes the process compatible for different types of projects. The Software & Systems Process Engineering Metamodel (SPEM) is used widely in the software process-modeling context, but it lacks built-in enactment capabilities, so there is no tool or process engine that enables one to execute the process models described in SPEM. Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN)-based workflow engines can be a solution for process execution, but process models described in SPEM need to be converted to BPMN models. Thus, we propose an approach to support enactment of SPEM-based process models by converting them into business processes. We show the effectiveness of our approach through converting software R&D test processes specified in SPEM in a case study.

• Human Ecology Research
• /
• v.59 no.4
• /
• pp.477-488
• /
• 2021

This study investigated the association between children's perceptions of autonomy support from mothers and teachers in relation to academic procrastination. It also examined the role of self-efficacy for self-regulated learning in mediating these effects. The sample comprised 372 fifth and sixth grade elementary school students from Seoul, Korea. Each completed a questionnaire regarding mothers' and teachers' autonomy support, children's self-regulated learning efficacy, and academic procrastination. The results indicated that whereas mothers' autonomy support had a direct effect on children's academic procrastination, teachers' support did not. In other words, children who perceived higher levels of autonomy support from mothers tended to exhibit less academic procrastination. Regarding indirect paths, children who perceived higher levels of mothers' and teachers' autonomy support displayed greater efficacy for self-regulated learning, which corresponded to lower levels of academic procrastination. The discussion highlights the vital roles of autonomy support from mothers and teachers in enhancing children's feelings of effective self-regulated learning and encouraging them to complete academic tasks. Furthermore, the present study considered not only outward behavioral factors but also the underlying cognitive and affective aspects of delaying behavior that underpin the effects of self-regulated learning efficacy and autonomy support of mothers and teachers on academic procrastination.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.48 no.5
• /
• pp.421-429
• /
• 2015

Base researches in geoscience and mineral resources, such as geological and geo-thematic mapping, geological survey and observation, have long-term, continuity and time-leasing characteristics and they are difficult to present the particular research stages or progressions in the research span. The Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs), developed by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), is effective for presenting research maturity levels and progression in the development of new technologies. This study suggests adjusted definitions for the Technology Readiness Levels to fit Geo-technology (Technology in Geoscience and Mineral Resources). Base geological researches, including mapping, surveys and observation, can be also presented in research levels from TRL 1 (R&D planning, literature survey) to TRL 9 (geological information construction and service in all target areas) in terms of the final product's coverage. Moreover, not only development and construction of commercial products, geological disasters and environmental researches can also be presented in field demonstrations through public pilot applications. The modified commercialization or cemonstration TRLs in Geo-technology are TRL 5 (starting pilot field application), TRL 6 (pilot field operation) and TRL 7 (pilot field operation for a larger scale, greater than ten percent of the actual environment).

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.47-52
• /
• 2011

In this paper, we describe the development of a finite-element model for seismic qualification. This paper presents finite-element analysis model of the electronic enclosure to be used at Arkansas nuclear power plant, USA. The verified model predicts natural frequencies within 5% error for all major modes below 50 Hz. The finite element lumped mass approach and the finite element stiffness approach using the COSMOSM finite element code is applied for static, eigenvalue, and dynamic analyses of the mathematical model of this system. The FEM model indicates that the stress levels corresponding to the specified loading conditions are below the allowable stress levels that have been specified in the AISC Code. The findings conclude that the electronic enclosure will withstand the seismic levels stated in the reference documents.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.537-547
• /
• 2018

Objective: This study was performed to understand transcriptional changes in the genes involved in gluconeogenesis and glycolysis pathways following castration of bulls. Methods: Twenty Korean bulls were weaned at average 3 months of age, and castrated at 6 months. Liver tissues were collected from bulls (n = 10) and steers (n = 10) of Korean cattle, and hepatic gene expression levels were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. We examined hepatic transcription levels of genes encoding enzymes for irreversible reactions in both gluconeogenesis and glycolysis as well as genes encoding enzymes for the utilization of several glucogenic substrates. Correlations between hepatic gene expression and carcass characteristics were performed to understand their associations. Results: Castration increased the mRNA (3.6 fold; p<0.01) and protein levels (1.4 fold; p<0.05) of pyruvate carboxylase and mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase genes (1.7 fold; p<0.05). Hepatic mRNA levels of genes encoding the glycolysis enzymes were not changed by castration. Castration increased mRNA levels of both lactate dehydrogenase A (1.5 fold; p<0.05) and lactate dehydrogenase B (2.2 fold; p<0.01) genes for lactate utilization. Castration increased mRNA levels of glycerol kinase (2.7 fold; p<0.05) and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (1.5 fold; p<0.05) genes for glycerol utilization. Castration also increased mRNA levels of propionyl-CoA carboxylase beta (mitochondrial) (3.5 fold; p<0.01) and acyl-CoA synthetase short chain family member 3 (1.3 fold; p = 0.06) genes for propionate incorporation. Conclusion: Castration increases transcription levels of critical genes coding for enzymes involved in irreversible gluconeogenesis reactions from pyruvate to glucose and enzymes responsible for incorporation of glucogenic substrates including lactate, glycerol, and propionate. Hepatic gluconeogenic gene expression levels were associated with intramuscular fat deposition.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.175-201
• /
• 2019

Objective: This study aims to develop and validate the musicality level of an individual child, based on the on performance tasks rubrics. Methods: The survey was conducted on 284 children(ages 3-5years old from kindergartens and day care centers), their parents, and their 51 teachers. The collected data were calculated and analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0. Results: Consisted of two components, two task types, 17 performance tasks, and 41 items in three dimensions. Rubrics were determined and based on the child's best performance, and categorized into five levels. Lastly, the item difficulty and item discriminating power were defined in order to comprehend the item quality analysis, which showed that average scores varied depending on the performance. Conclusion/Implications: The musicality rating scale for young children is significant in order to comprehend musicality levels through the performances of children aged three to five. This study has educational implications in that teachers can connect the results of the ratings to curriculum and promote the development of teaching and learning methodologies based on the musicality levels of individual children.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• v.2 no.4
• /
• pp.223-226
• /
• 2002

Background: The type 2 deviated immunological state is predominant in lepromatous leprosy. Erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) is an immune-complex mediated reaction that typically occurs in lepromatous leprosy. To date, the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-2 receptor, IL-10, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-1 receptor antagonist and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were reported to be higher in lepromatous leprosy. TNF-${\alpha}$ is also known to be higher in ENL, which is reduced after thalidomide treatment. However the serum type 2 chemokine levels in lepromatous leprosy patients have not been reported. Methods: The serum levels of the type 2 chemokines such as thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) and eotaxin together with IL-12 and IL-10 in the sera from leprosy patients were detected using an enzyme-linked solvent assay (ELISA) method. Results: The Serum TARC, MDC, eotaxin, IL-10 and IL-12 levels in lepromatous leprosy patients were not significantly different from the normal control levels. The serum levels were not significantly different between the paucibacillary group and multibacillary group. The serum TARC or MDC levels in the ENL patients were more reduced after a treatment containing thalidomide. Conclusion: The type 2 chemokines are not related to the severity of lepromatous leprosy. The larger reducing effect of the TARC or MDC levels in ENL patients by a treatment containing thalidomide suggests the potential role of these chemokines in the development of ENL and the therapeutic mechanism of thalidomide.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.306-311
• /
• 2010

To detect Fusarium mycotoxins, grain samples were collected from 32 rice fields all over the country and from 19 maize fields in eastern and midland provinces in Korea in 2009. Maize contamination with Fusarium species (54.9%) was higher than in rice (8.2%). Using Fusarium species specific PCR primer sets (Fg16 and VERT), 58 and 354 of total 506 isolates from maize samples were putatively identified as F. graminearum (11.5%) and F. verticillioides (70.0%), respectively. From rice samples, 276 of 315 isolates (87.8%) were putatively identified as F. graminearum but F. verticillioides was not identified. LC or LC-MS analysis of the samples revealed that fumonisin was the most commonly detected mycotoxin in maize samples but its level was below the regulation limit. Only two maize samples were contaminated with deoxynivalenol and zearalenone at the levels above the regulation limit. In rice samples, contamination with zearalenone was common but the levels were below the regulation limit. This study showed that most of the Korean maize and rice samples collected in 2009 were contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins but the levels were below the Korean regulations for deoxynivalenol, fumonisin and zearalenone.