• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2018

Large corporations have the work and roles of employees clearly defined in accordance with their established internal structure whereas small and mid-sized firms may lack an official job specification or a written job description, causing ambiguity in the role of employees. In IT service companies, especially, there is a relatively large number of tasks requiring one person to play multiple roles and they are often highly dependent on few key players. In this reality where about 80% of the job seekers end up in SMEs, it is therefore necessary to look into how the turnover factors such as job strain and occupational burnout caused by the role ambiguity from extra work affect the turnover intentions of small and medium sized IT service firm employees. The outcome of this study is as follows. First, the relationship between job strain and turnover intention has been examined to find that a weak inverted U shaped relationship exists between role overload, which is a subset of job strain, and turnover intention. Second, the hypothesis based on the competing values framework has been tested that the fitness with organizational leadership and culture would moderate the relationship between job strain and turnover intention and it has been confirmed that the degree of relationship between role conflict and role ambiguity, the subsets of job strain, and turnover intention has changed. In conclusion, in order to discourage turnover intention, it is necessary to increase the fitness with the organization and leadership or generate a sufficient level of strain in case of an organization with low fitness.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권18호
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• pp.8461-8465
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• 2016

Gastric cancer (GC) as the fourth most common cause of malignancies shows high rate of morbidity appropriating the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Developmental pluripotency associated-2 (DPPA2), cancer-testis antigen (CT100), is commonly expressed only in the human germ line and pluripotent embryonic cells but it is also present in a significant subset of malignant tumors. To investigate whether or not DPPA2 expression is recalled in GC, our aim in this study was to elucidate DPPA2 protein expression in gastric cancer. Fifty five GC tumor and their related margin normal tissues were recruited to evaluate DPPA2 protein expression and its probable associations with different clinicopathological features of the patients. DPPA2 was overexpressed in GC cases compared with normal tissues (P < .005). While DPPA2 expression was detected in all GC samples, its high expression was found in 23 of 55 tumor tissues (41.8%). Interestingly, 50 of 55 normal samples (90.9%) were negative for DPPA2 protein expression and remained 5 samples showed very low expression of DPPA2. DPPA2 protein expression in GC was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.012). The clinical relevance of DPPA2 in GC illustrated that high level expression of this protein was associated with lymph node metastasis supporting this hypothesis that alteration in DPPA2 was associated with aggressiveness of gastric cancer and may be an early event in progression of the disease. DPPA2 may be introduced as a new marker for invasive and metastatic GCs.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제39권8호
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• pp.625-630
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• 2016

The RNA-binding protein Rbfox3 is a well-known splicing regulator that is used as a marker for post-mitotic neurons in various vertebrate species. Although recent studies indicate a variable expression of Rbfox3 in non-neuronal tissues, including lung tissue, its cellular function in lung cancer remains largely unknown. Here, we report that the number of RBFOX3-positive cells in tumorous lung tissue is lower than that in normal lung tissue. As the transforming growth factor-${\beta}$ (TGF-${\beta}$) signaling pathway is important in cancer progression, we investigated its role in RBFOX3 expression in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. TGF-${\beta}1$ treatment inhibited RBFOX3 expression at the transcriptional level. Further, RBFOX3 depletion led to a change in the expression levels of a subset of proteins related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), such as E-cadherin and Claudin-1, during TGF-${\beta}1$-induced EMT. In immunofluorescence microscopic analysis, mesenchymal morphology was more prominent in RBFOX3-depleted cells than in control cells. These findings show that TGF-${\beta}$-induced RBFOX3 inhibition plays an important role in EMT and propose a novel role for RBFOX3 in cancer progression.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권15호
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• pp.5983-5991
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• 2014

Introduction: Upper aero-digestive tract cancer is a multidimensional problem, international trends showing complex rises and falls in incidence and mortality across the globe, with variation across different cultural and socio-economic groups. This paper seeks some explanations and identifies some research and policy needs. Methodological Approach: The literature illustrates the multifactorial nature of carcinogenesis. At the cellular level, it is viewed as a multistep process involving multiple mutations and selection for cells with progressively increasing capacity for proliferation, survival, invasion, and metastasis. Established and emerging risk factors, in addition to changes in incidence and prevalence of cancers of the upper aero-digestive tract, were identified. Risk Factors: Exposure to tobacco and alcohol, as well as diets inadequate in fresh fruits and vegetables, remain the major risk factors, with persistent infection by particular so-called "high risk" genotypes of human papillomavirus increasingly recognised as also playing an important role in a subset of cases, particularly for the oropharynx. Chronic trauma to oral mucosa from poor restorations and prostheses, in addition to poor oral hygiene with a consequent heavy microbial load in the mouth, are also emerging as significant risk factors. Conclusions: Understanding and quantifying the impact of individual risk factors for these cancers is vital for health decision-making, planning and prevention. National policies and programmes should be designed and implemented to control exposure to environmental risks, by legislation if necessary, and to raise awareness so that people are provided with the information and support they need to adopt healthy lifestyles.

• 대한전기학회논문지:시스템및제어부문D
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2006

In this paper, we propose a new architecture of Information Granulation based genetically optimized Self-Organizing Fuzzy Polynomial Neural Networks (IG_gSOFPNN) that is based on a genetically optimized multilayer perceptron with fuzzy polynomial neurons (FPNs) and discuss its comprehensive design methodology involving mechanisms of genetic optimization, especially information granulation and genetic algorithms. The proposed IG_gSOFPNN gives rise to a structurally optimized structure and comes with a substantial level of flexibility in comparison to the one we encounter in conventional SOFPNNs. The design procedure applied in the construction of each layer of a SOFPNN deals with its structural optimization involving the selection of preferred nodes (or FPNs) with specific local characteristics (such as the number of input variables, the order of the polynomial of the consequent part of fuzzy rules, and a collection of the specific subset of input variables) and addresses specific aspects of parametric optimization. In addition, the fuzzy rules used in the networks exploit the notion of information granules defined over system's variables and formed through the process of information granulation. That is, we determine the initial location (apexes) of membership functions and initial values of polynomial function being used in the premised and consequence part of the fuzzy rules respectively. This granulation is realized with the aid of the hard c-menas clustering method (HCM). To evaluate the performance of the IG_gSOFPNN, the model is experimented with using two time series data(gas furnace process and NOx process data).

• 자원환경지질
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.509-519
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• 2004

JERS-1 L밴드 SAR 위성에서 얻어진 25개의 레이더간섭도를 이용하여 1992년 11월 5일부터 1998년 10월 1일 사이 경상북도 문경시 가은읍 폐탄광 일대의 지반 침하량을 측정하였다. SAR 영상에서 긴밀도가 높은 고정 산란체(PS: permanent scatterer)를 이용한 시계열 분석을 통해서 지반침하를 계산하였고, 현장조사된 균열등급 분포도와 비교하였다. 고정된 산란체는 1차적으로 진폭값과 간섭쌍의 긴밀도 영상을 이용하여 계산하였는데, 산악지역에 비해 도심지역에서 우세하게 선정되었다. 계산된 변위량은 붕락과 같은 급격한 비선형의 변위는 제외되고, 영상 획득 기간 내의 평균 변위량이다. 연구지역 내 계산된 주시방향으로의 평균 지표면 변위속도는 0.19cm/yr이고, 추정오차는 0.18cm/yr이다. 그리고 옛 가은 본갱의 중심부와 가은역 맞은편 일대에서 관측된 침하량은 0.49cm/yr, 1.66cm/yr로 연구지역에서 가장 뚜렷한 침하 양상을 보였다.

• 기술혁신학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.231-253
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 두 가지이다. 첫째, 제조업 혁신과 관련하여 이론적인 측면에서 의미, 파급효과, 고려요소 등에 대해 고찰한다. 둘째, 고성능컴퓨팅(HPC) 활용 정책의 위상을 검증하고 미국과 한국의 상황을 분석한다. 각국의 제조업 혁신 정책은 공통적으로 생산성의 획기적 향상을 목표로 하는데 단순한 생산성의 개선이 아니라 패러다임의 전환을 수반하는 혁신 지향 정책으로서의 성격을 갖는다. 장기적인 성장과 고용을 위해서는 탈공업화를 대체하여 재공업화의 필요성도 있다고 보아야 한다. 제조업 혁신을 통해 고용이 일시적으로 또는 부분적으로 줄어들 수 있으나 간접적인 경로로 고용이 확대되는 효과가 더 클 것이다. HPC 활용의 정책은 제조업 혁신의 부분집합으로서가 아니라 별개의 흐름으로서 중요성을 갖는다. 미국의 경우 HPC 기반의 M&S 활동을 촉진하기 위해 정부주도로 애로요인 해소에 주력하고 있고 민관 합동체제를 통한 문제해결 방식을 추진하고 있다. 한국의 경우 HPC 기반의 M&S 활동에 관련된 생태계 조성이 필요하고 이를 위해 제조기업 M&S 활용 확대와 M&S 지원 전문기업 육성의 과제가 중요하다고 할 수 있다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.213-220
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim this study was to compare the accuracy of orthodontists and dentomaxillofacial radiologists in identifying 17 commonly used cephalometric landmarks, and to determine the extent of variability associated with each of those landmarks. Materials and Methods: Twenty digital lateral cephalometric radiographs were evaluated by two groups of dental specialists, and 17 cephalometric landmarks were identified. The x and y coordinates of each landmark were recorded. The mean value for each landmark was considered the best estimate and used as the standard. Variation in measurements of the distance between landmarks and measurements of the angles associated with certain landmarks was also assessed by a subset of two observers, and intraobserver and interobserver agreement were evaluated. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficients were excellent for intraobserver agreement, but only good for interobserver agreement. The least reliable landmark for orthodontists was the gnathion (Gn) point (standard deviation [SD], 5.92 mm), while the orbitale (Or) was the least reliable landmark (SD, 4.41 mm) for dentomaxillofacial radiologists. Furthermore, the condylion (Co)-Gn plane was the least consistent (SD, 4.43 mm). Conclusion: We established that some landmarks were not as reproducible as others, both horizontally and vertically. The most consistently identified landmark in both groups was the lower incisor border, while the least reliable points were Co, Gn, Or, and the anterior nasal spine. Overall, a lower level of reproducibility in the identification of cephalometric landmarks was observed among orthodontists.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.32-37
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• 2009

The quality assurance (QA) is of utmost importance in biobanks when archived biomaterials are distributed to biomedical researchers. For sample authentication and cross-contamination detection, the two fundamental elements of QA, STR genotyping is usually utilized. However, the incorporated number of STR markers is highly redundant for biobanking purposes, resulting in time and cost inefficiency. An index to measure the cross-contamination detection capability of an STR marker, the mixture probability (MP), was developed. MP as well as other forensic parameters for STR markers was validated using STR genotyping data on 2328 normal Koreans with the commercial AmpFlSTR kit. For Koreans, 7 STR marker (D2S1338, FGA, D18S51, D8S1179, D13S317, D21S11, vWA) set was sufficient to provide discrimination power of ${\sim}10^{-10}$ and cross-contamination detection probability of ${sim}1$. Interestingly, similar marker sets were obtained from African Americans, Caucasian Americans, and Hispanic Americans under the same level of discrimination power. Only a small subset of commonly used STR markers is sufficient for QA purposes in biobanks. A procedure for selecting optimal STR markers is outlined using STR genotyping results from normal Korean population.

• International Journal of Stem Cells
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.108-117
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• 2014

Background and Objectives: Genomic imprinting is an inheritance phenomenon by which a subset of genes are expressed from one allele of two homologous chromosomes in a parent of origin-specific manner. Even though fine-tuned regulation of genomic imprinting process is essential for normal development, no other means are available to study genomic imprinting in human during embryonic development. In relation with this bottleneck, differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into specialized lineages may be considered as an alternative to mimic human development. Methods and Results: In this study, hESCs were differentiated into three lineage cell types to analyze temporal and spatial expression of imprinted genes. Of 19 imprinted genes examined, 15 imprinted genes showed similar transcriptional level among two hESC lines and two human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) lines. Expressional patterns of most imprinted genes were varied in progenitors and fully differentiated cells which were derived from hESCs. Also, no consistence was observed in the expression pattern of imprinted genes within an imprinting domain during in vitro differentiation of hESCs into three lineage cell types. Conclusions: Transcriptional expression of imprinted genes is regulated in a cell type- specific manner in hESCs during in vitro differentiation.