• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.116-116
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• 2020

Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) is a highly mountainous and remote region covering 45% of Upper Indus Basin (UIB) with around 1.8 million population is vulnerable to climate change and socio-economic growth makes water resources management and planning more complex. To understand the water scarcity in the region this study is carried out to project water supply and demand for agricultural and domestic sector under various climate-socio-economic scenarios in five sub catchments of GB i.e., Astore, Gilgit, Hunza, Shigar and Shyok for a period of 2015 to 2050 using Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model. For climate change scenario ensembled mean of three global climate models (GCMs) was used under three different Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP6.0 and RCP8.5). The Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) and agricultural Land Development (LD) scenarios were combined with climate scenarios to develop climate-socio-economic scenario. Our results indicate that the climate change and socio-economic growth would create a gap between supply and demand of water in the region, with socio-economic growth (e.g. agricultural and population) as dominant external factor that would reduce food production and increase poverty level in the region. Among five catchments only Astore and Gilgit will face shortfall of water while Shyoke would face shortfall of water only under agricultural growth scenarios. We also observed that the shortfall of water in response to climate-socio-economic scenarios is totally different over two water deficient catchments due to its demography and geography. Finally, to help policy makers in developing regional water resources and management policies we classified five sub catchments of UIB according to its water deficiency level.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.98-103
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• 2018

This study aims to evaluate the status of Korean healthcare among Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries and to monitor the trend of health care status since 2000. The position value for relative comparison (PARC) index was selected to gauge the level of healthcare status in demand, supply, accessibility, quality, and cost as per healthcare policy aspects. The Mann-Kendall test was conducted to allocate healthcare status of Korea since 2000. The PARC values indicate strength and weakness of Korean healthcare system by the mathematical comparisons. Korea positioned higher in demand, supply, accessibility, and quality. Yet, there are shortages in human resources and primary care. In conclusion, we suggest utilizing this study provides evidence to prioritize health care problems that can lead to establishing healthcare policy.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.9-20
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aims to map the spatial distribution of poverty using nighttime light satellite images as a proxy indicator of economic activities and infrastructure distribution in D.I Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Research design, data, and methodology: This study uses official poverty statistics (National Socio-economic Survey (SUSENAS) and Poverty Database 2015) to compare satellite imagery's ability to identify poor urban areas in D.I Yogyakarta. National Socioeconomic Survey (SUSENAS), as poverty statistics at the macro level, uses expenditure to determine the poor in a region. Poverty Database 2015 (BDT 2015), as poverty statistics at the micro-level, uses asset ownership to determine the poor population in an area. Pearson correlation is used to identify the correlation among variables and construct a Support Vector Regression (SVR) model to estimate the poverty level at a granular level of 1 km x 1 km. Results: It is found that macro poverty level and moderate annual nighttime light intensity have a Pearson correlation of 74 percent. It is more significant than micro poverty, with the Pearson correlation being 49 percent in 2015. The SVR prediction model can achieve the root mean squared error (RMSE) of up to 8.48 percent on SUSENAS 2020 poverty data.Conclusion: Nighttime light satellite imagery data has potential benefits as alternative data to support regional poverty mapping, especially in urban areas. Using satellite imagery data is better at predicting regional poverty based on expenditure than asset ownership at the micro-level. Light intensity at night can better describe the use of electricity consumption for economic activities at night, which is captured in spending on electricity financing compared to asset ownership.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.19 no.1 s.29
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• pp.1-13
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• 2006

This study was aimed to explore the level of awareness of Korean teachers and college students towards sustainable development(SD) and education for sustainable development(ESD). A survey was conducted to understand the present status of awareness of SD and ESD among 317 college students and 625 teachers in Korea from April to May of 2005. The questionnaire included items asking whether they heard about terms such as sustainability or sustainable development, the source of information on SD, the level of understanding or the urgent task for SD in Korea. It also included questions about experiences in participating in or conducting ESD, the need for ESD, important areas in and the modality for ESD and the willingness to participate in ESD. The results showed that the level of awareness on SD among teachers was low compared to college students, who have a relatively high level of access on SD issues through textbooks and classes in high school. Interestingly, most of college students replied that they never received any ESD, even though they learned SD in class. Both the teacher and student group thought that tile priority of sustainable development should be an 'environment-related' area in the social, economical and environmental perspectives. Most of the students and teachers considered the concept of SD as 'pursuing the balance between environmental protection and economic development.' Some of the teachers recognized the concept of sustainable development in the paradigm of continuous economic development. Both groups responded that the urgent task related to sustainable development is 'environmental protection' and the 'reduction of poverty.' On the other hand, they had experiences in teaching related to natural resources, gender equity, health, human rights, climate changes and other SD issues in class, but not under the name of ESD. They also emphasized 'critical thinking and problem solving & decision-making' in education. Most of the students and teachers responded that it was needed to carry out ESD, and that the way of life for SD would be the priority. It is suggested that various pedagogy and modalities according to various target groups should be considered in providing ESD. It is necessary to use more effective strategies for ESD rather than just introducing the concept of SD. Also, it is needed to review the ESD practices of teachers and improve the quality of education within the scope of ESD.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.183-189
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the Industrial High Schools Technical Subjects teachers' perceptions and attitudes toward sustainable development(SD). The instrument consisted of totally 12 items. The subjects of this study were 98 Industrial High Schools Technical Subjects teachers. The period of survey is from June 23 to July 15 of 2010. The questionnaire included items asking whether they heard about terms such as sustainability or sustainable development, the source of information on SD, the level of understanding or the urgent task 2 for SD in Korea. Result of survey is following. First, Teacher thought that urgent task for SD is conservation of natural environment. Second, Most of the teacher consider the concept SD as 'pursuing the balance between environmental protection and economic development, and some of the teachers recognized the concept of SD in the paradigm of continuous economic development. Third, half of teachers have not heard terminology of SD .and 80% of them have not conducted ESD. Fourth, a few of teachers replied that obstacle of ESD is shortage of teacher's professionalism.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.105-128
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• 2008

City of Gyeongju's referendum finally offered the long-waited low-level radioactive waste disposal site in November 2005. Gyeongju's positive decision was due to the various economic rewards and incentives the national government promised to the city. 300 billion won for an accepting bonus, the location of the headquarter building of the Korean Hydro and Nuclear Power Co., and the accelerator research center and 3.25 trillion won for supporting regional development program implementation. All of the above will affect the city's infrastructure and the citizens' economic and social lives. Population, land use, economic structure, SOC and quality of life will be affected. Some will be very positive, and some will be negative. This research project will see the future of the city and forecast the demographic, economic, physical and environmental changes of the city via computer simulation's system dynamics technique. This kind of simulation will help City of Gyeongju's what to prepare for the future. The population forecasting of the year 2046 will be 662,424 with the waste disposal site, and 327,274 without the waste disposal site in Gyeongju. The waste disposal site and regional supporting program will increase 184,246 Jobs more with 1,605 agriculture and fishery, 5,369 manufacturing shops and 27,577 shops. The population increase will bring 96,726 more houses constructed in the city. Land use will also be affected. More land will be developed. And road, water plant and waste water plant will be expanded as much. The city's financial structure will be expanded, due to the increased revenues from the waste disposal site, and property tax revenues from the middle-class employees of the company, and the high-powered scientists and technologists from the accelerator research center. All in all, the future of the city will be brighter after operating the nuclear waste disposal site inside the city.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.21-41
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• 2015

The purpose of the study is to review the real situations of the income-gap between urban and rural areas which is focused on as one of the biggest issues revealed in the process of Chinese economic development and to find out which factors will alleviate or deteriorate such income-gap, also to find out such factors will effect differently on the regional characteristics. To analyze it, six factors such as industrialization-ratio, urbanization-ratio, tertiary industry-ratio, the level of both governmental educational support and agricultural support, and Chinese dual-economic structure are considered as explanatory variables, and OLS regression analysis was implemented to the factor data for the period of 1986-2007 about Chinese 31 districts(castles and cities). The results of the analysis show that both industrialization factors and urbanization factors affect significantly to alleviate income-gap between urban and rural areas, and as predicted, they also shows that dual-economic structure between urban and rural areas is the most biggest factors to enlarge the above mentioned income-gap. However, in accordance to the different level of economic development in eastern, central, and western districts the study shows that such factors will affect them differently respectively. The contents are as follows; In eastern district governmental educational support factor will affect the most great influence to alleviate the income-gap, in central district industrialization factor will affect the most great influence to alleviate the gap, and western district governmental agricultural support factor will affect the most great influence to alleviate the gap. Therefore, in solving the issue of income-gap between urban and rural areas in China we recommend that it is necessary for more differential policy in considering regional characteristics than unilateral policy to Chinese whole areas.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.31-42
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• 2021

This study aims to determine the relation between the real sector and the financial sector in underdeveloped areas in Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. To facilitate understanding of these linkages, researchers use the logic of credit channel mechanism of monetary policy, financial intermediation, as well as supply leading and demand following theories. The research variables include economic growth, inflation, liquidity, and NPL at the provincial level, with a data sample from 2008 to 2019. This research uses VAR/VECM as the analysis tools. The findings of the long-term analysis in East Nusa Tenggara show there is a phenomenon of cost-push inflation as well as the negative relation between inflation and economic growth. The impact of liquidity on inflation is positive, while the impact of economic growth on inflation is negative. Meanwhile, in West Nusa Tenggara, the impact of economic growth on inflation is positive. On the other hand, the impact of liquidity and NPL on inflation and economic growth is negative. In conclusion, generally, the economy in West Nusa Tenggara is better than the East Nusa Tenggara. The key to improving the economy of Nusa Tenggara is by improving its liquidity. This can be done by increasing the volume of public savings to increase bank credit capacity.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.61-87
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• 1992

Reducing the level of greenhouse gas emissions is necessary to mitigate global warming. One of the most feasible methods to reduce emissions would be to conserve energy and substitute fossil fuels. Yet reducing emissions entails huge financial costs, so it is advisable to employ cost-effective economic instruments such as a carbon tax or tradeable emissions permits. Assuming that the proper economic tools will be used in the future, we calculated the optimal level of emissions reduction for Korea. We applied to our cost-benefit analysis Nordhaus' scenario regarding the economic damage from a $3^{\circ}C$ rise in global temperatures, which is the calculated result when the greenhouse gas level doubles. The result of our analysis based on the 1990 data indicates that the optimal level of emissions reduction ranges from 2% to 15 % of current emissions depending on the value of damage parameters. We also found that the amount of emissions must be reduced will increase if action is postponed, when the development of climate engineering technology or more efficient use of energy is expected. In addition, we discussed the advantages and disadvantages of the economic instruments available to implement emissions reduction. Tradeable permits and carbon tax are equivalent in their cost-effectiveness, but have different implications in practice.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.165-176
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• 2023

This article uses panel data of thirteen prefecture-level cities in Jiangsu Province from 2007 to 2021, and adopts entropy method, SBM model, and coupling coordination degree model to empirically study the development level of new model of urbanization and green economic efficiency in Jiangsu Province and the coupling coordination relationship between them. The results show that: the coupling coordination was in a moderate disorder and on the verge of disorder in 2008 and 2009. However, it steadily improved after 2010, and even witnessed a significant increase from 2018 to 2021. After that, it shows a high-quality coordination in 2021, indicating that the level of coordination between urbanization and green economic efficiency in Jiangsu province is steadily improving. Analyzed from a spatial perspective, the overall development of the regions in the province is sound and the coordination is growing at a significant rate, but there are still certain gaps in the coordinated development between the regions.