• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.451-470
• /
• 2022

Recently, the environment has been recognized as an important factor in increasing competitiveness in the industry. In agriculture and rural areas, the environment is becoming important in terms of the competitive advantage of agricultural products and continued regional development. This study intended to provide farmers with basic data for the continuous development of local agriculture through exploratory studies of environmental behaviors and regional development. In this study, 107 questionnaires were used for analysis of farmers in Jinan County to analyze the impact of farmers' environmental consciousness on regional development, and the research model was verified using a structural equation model. As a result of the analysis, it was analyzed that among the components of the environmental consciousness of farmers, environmental health has a statistically significant positive effect on environmental behaviors, while environmental interest and soil environment do not have an impact. The environmental behaviors of farmers have not been shown to be statistically significant to regional development. As a result of the analysis of this research, first, it is necessary to foster at the local level by establishing a customized fostering system for each village and region, such as education and technical support to vitalize the participation of young farmers and small and medium-sized farmers through the establishment of an Eco-friendly agricultural organization support system. It is necessary to raise public awareness of the public good function of agriculture and expand opportunities for sharing the value of Eco-friendly agriculture.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.11-19
• /
• 2019

The mass production after the industrialisation and the fast changing fashion cycles in today's world resulted in buying clothes and home textiles more than we need and discarding them before they complete their life cycles. This causes vast amounts of textile waste that creates environmental issues. Upcycling is the creative process of transforming clothing and textile waste by reusing deadstock or used fabric to create new garments and products. It holds importance in terms of sustainability, reducing waste and environmental pollution. During the process of upcycling, certainly the creativity and innovation are the key words because to reuse a product to a better value needs a creative mind, aesthetic consciousness, innovative look and knowledge and it is quite different from a normal design procedure. There is a delicate level of aesthetics which carries the reused materials to a higher value. The handling of the materials, knowing how to manipulate the waste material, the techniques available to apply to surfaces, the concept of two and three dimension on textiles and clothing, contributions of other branches of art such as sculpture and painting all help the designer to reach a higher aesthetic value in the upcycled product in this process. In the study; it was aimed to raise awareness, to attract attention to sustainable fashion and also to contribute to sustainable development as an upcycling design project realized with students in textile and fashion design education taken as an example.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.209-215
• /
• 2018

The survey conducted with 120 florists in Korean domestic flower shops to investigate the use and awareness of floral preservatives in Korea. As a result, only 19.8% of the domestic florists use floral preservatives frequently in their shops, whereas 45.5% do not use them at all, suggesting very low use frequency. Korean domestic florists considered the use of floral preservatives mostly for storing cut flowers to preventing bacteria growth. For the reasons not to use floral preservatives, 51.4% of the Korean domestic florists did not value its usefulness, showing a lack of awareness of floral preservatives. However, 44.2% of the florists who had the experience with floral preservatives satisfied with the effect of floral preservatives, and 49.5% of the respondents positively answered to recommend floral preservatives to others. General awareness on floral preservatives among Korean domestic florists was positive. 50.5% of the florists with the experience with the floral preservative had the high intention to re-purchase the flower preservatives. The low use frequency and lack of recognition of floral preservatives in Korea were likely due to very few floral preservative brands and little advertising. However, the high satisfaction level and repurchase intention rate shown by the florists indicates that increasing advertising and education for the floral preservatives would improve the accessibility and awareness of the products and their effects increasing the opportunity to use floral preservatives among Korean domestic florists, further enhancing consumers' satisfaction by improving the cut flower quality and its vase life.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
• /
• v.15 no.7
• /
• pp.17-32
• /
• 2021

This is an environmental analysis study for discovering specialized local sports tourism and aims to provide implications for the development of sports tourism industry in the Chuncheon region by analyzing the current status of domestic and overseas sports tourism and presenting overseas cases of specialized regional sports tourism. Therefore, through SWOT analysis and secondary data survey, implications for the development direction according to facilities, programs, and public relations and marketing were derived. Sports tourism contributes to vitalization of local economy by converging with local tourism centering on sports participation or viewing. Thus, it must be organized with differentiated products taking into account the characteristics of the area. An investigation of the main components of domestic and overseas sports tourism shows that mega sports events or specialized local leisure sports are connected to tourism resources for commercialization. In Korea, 3 to 4 local areas are discovered and supported annually through the specialized local sports tourism promotion program. This study suggests a development plan by evaluating and analyzing the performance of the Chuncheon Spo-Tour program. In terms of facility, it is necessary to construct accommodation facilities that harmonize with the natural environment, develop new programs connected to Songam Sports Town, and reinforce existing equipment. In terms of program, it is necessary to develop canoe/kayak water courses utilizing Uiam-Lake, train professionals to operate programs, and develop programs that take into consideration seasonal characteristics as well as the level of each participants. In terms of PR/marketing, it is important to build competitiveness by using ICT, improving public awareness of the sites, and adopting reasonable pricing policies. The development of specialized local sports tourism products through remedies and efforts will contribute to vitalization of local economy.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.40 no.6
• /
• pp.454-468
• /
• 2014

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the actual condition of the farm work environment and personal protective equipment as part of the effort to improve livestock work for the safety and health of poultry farmers and provide basic data for establishing plans to improve and develop personal protective equipment. Methods: For this purpose, a questionnaire survey on general information about stables, the poultry work environment, accidents, the wearing of work clothes and personal protective equipment, and the level of awareness related to personal protective equipment was conducted among 148 poultry farmers. Results: As a result, it was found that poultry workplace environment was exposed to such risks as fine dusts; organic dusts; poisonous gases; odorous substances; chicken excrement; contact with chickens, bacteria or viruses; and accidents related to machine operation. Thirteen percent of respondents suffered severe respiratory diseases, and the most frequently injured sites due to accidents were the hands (25.7%), knees (23.8%), arms (17.3%), and head (10.9%). The most frequent type of accident was collisions between the body and obstacles or machinery during movement (36.4%), followed by erroneous machine operation such as feeders and electric shocks (8.5%). Regarding the wearing of work clothes and personal protective equipment, 51.7% of the respondents wore worn-out clothing or everyday clothes, whereas only 32.0% wore work clothes. The percentage of farmers who wore proper protective equipment for the work environment during poultry work was 48.4%. The most frequently used type of protective equipment was boots (38.9%), followed by mask (36.7%), gloves (36.3%), appropriate work clothes (22.6%), quarantine clothes (17.6%), helmets (13.4%), and goggles (12.6%). The rate of wearing goggles was low because they were considered inconvenient and lowered work efficiency. Furthermore, they purchased everyday products available on the market for their personal protective equipment which were not appropriate for maintaining safety in an actual harmful environment and its consequent risks. As a result of the survey of the awareness level related to personal protective equipment, their levels of awareness of accidents and attitude proved to be average or higher, but the practice of wearing protective equipment and the level of knowledge and management of personal protective equipment were lower. Conclusion: This survey found that the wearing status of personal protective equipment among poultry farmers was insufficient even though they were exposed to risks. Most respondents were aware of the necessity of wearing personal protective equipment and of the potential for accidents, but they did not wear proper protective equipment. Their wearing rate was low due to a lack of knowledge about protective equipment, as well as the inconvenience of wearing it. Therefore there is a need to improve and develop specialized personal protective equipment for respiration, hands, and eyes, as well as work clothes that can protect farmers from major harmful matter that is generated in the poultry workplace. Based on the results of this investigation, we will conduct further studies on the required performance and design directions of personal protective equipment while collecting more objective data through field-oriented assessments.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.35-53
• /
• 2023

This study attempts to identify the flow of key topics and issues of research trends related to environment-friendly agriculture conducted around the 2000s in South Korea and compare them with the environment-friendly agriculture promotion plan to seek the level of consistency and the direction of future development of environment-friendly agriculture. For the analysis of environment-friendly agriculture research trends and policy consistency, 'topic modeling', which is suitable for subject classification of large amounts of unstructured data, and 'text network analysis', which visualizes the relationship between keywords as a network and interprets its characteristics, were utilized. Overall, active discussions were held on 'technical discussions for the production and cultivation of environment-friendly agricultural products' and 'food safety & consumer awareness', and keywords such as production, cultivation, consumption, and safety were consistently linked to other keywords regardless of time. In addition, it was found that the issue of environment-friendly agriculture was partially consistent with the policy direction of the period. Considering the fact that the ongoing '5th Environment-Friendly Agriculture Promotion Phase' emphasizes the strengthening of rural environment management and aims to ensure the continuous quantitative and qualitative development of environment-friendly agriculture, active discussions and research on its environmental contributions and management methods are needed.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.79-95
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the sanitation affairs of general restaurants. The questionnaire survey on the attitude and knowledge toward sanitation, the attitude for sanitary administration and the sanitary education was conducted against new 600 restaurateurs who were educated from June 20 to July 11, 1996, at the administration hall's division of Kyungsangbook-do in charge of food industry that offered regular sanitary education to new restaurateurs annually. And the visit survey on sanitary practice was also conducted over 93 restaurateurs who obtained the commercial license for food service business. The findings from the survey were as follows; In regard to food sanitation, some 87.1 to 88.3% got the right knowledge about the reason and precaution of food poisoning, food's frozen or cold-storage, and the disposal of products after expiration of validity term. But it was about 20.8% to 50.0% who knew right about major precaution, storage temperature in refrigerator, fermented milk product's storage temperature and validity term. There was therefore a necessity for education in food sanitation. 38.2% of the subjects placed an emphasis on sanitary storage of foodstuffs as the most important thing in sanitary management. 33.8% emphasized cooking sanitation. The environmental sanitation was counted as the most important thing by 19.2%, and personal sanitation of worker was counted by 8.8%. There was differences in what they thought the most important thing was, according to the respondent's educational level and cooker. 86.6% replied it necessary to improve the sanitary level. The respondents who were younger or had better educational level emphasized more the need for it. Concerning health examination, 90.2% replied it necessary. 81.4% answered the reason was because there was a potentiality Quests might be infected with contagious disease. 78.5% pointed the need for sanitary education, but respondents with higher educational level less emphasized its needs. As the reason for poor sanitation, restaurateur's poor awareness about it was most frequently pointed out, by 46.9%. Cooking sanitation was most frequently counted, by 38.5%, as the first thing to be improved. As the most critical point in sanitary education, 34.5% indicated food's sanitary Quality control 30.9% mentioned sanitary treatment of kitchen facilities and peripheral environment, and 27.1% emphasized the summary of the general food sanitation. 77.7% answered to correct immediately in case of violating the Food Hygiene Law, and 12.0% replied to correct in the same case if they would get the order from public official or administrative action would be taken. Respondents with higher educational level answered more to correct immediately. What they wanted the government office to do toward sanitary improvement was a fund aid an facilities and management which was pointed out by 38.9%, a periodical sanitary education by 26.3% and a on-the-spot guidance of sanitary officials by 22.3%. In view of the food service business's sanitary practice, the rate of wearing a sanitary clothes was 32.9% in city and 35.0% in county. The rate of hand-washing without soap or non-washing at cooking was 73.9%, 85%, respectively. The rate of personnel sanitation was 34.2% in city and 50.0% in county. These things indicated the sanitation was not well practiced. To improve the poor sanitary conditions of the food service businesses, it is recommended to offer institutional backing and financial aid from administrative office, and encourage restaurateurs to take pride in their job. and conduct the sanitary education effectively by sanitary education institution.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.61-118
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this research is to construct research framework for international franchising based on existing literature and to identify research components in the framework. Franchise can be defined as management styles that allow franchisee use various management assets of franchisor in order to make or sell product or service. It can be divided into product distribution franchise that is designed to sell products and business format franchise that is designed for running it as business whatever its form is. International franchising can be defined as a way of internationalization of franchisor to foreign country by providing its business format or package to franchisee of host country. International franchising is growing fast for last four decades but academic research on this is quite limited. Especially in Korea, research about international franchising is carried out on by case study format with single case or empirical study format with survey based on domestic franchise theory. Therefore, this paper tries to review existing literature on international franchising research, providing research framework, and then stimulating new research on this field. International franchising research components include motives and environmental factors for decision of expanding to international franchising, entrance modes and development plan for international franchising, contracts and management strategy of international franchising, and various performance measures from different perspectives. First, motives of international franchising are fee collection from franchisee. Also it provides easier way to expanding to foreign country. The other motives including increase total sales volume, occupying better strategic position, getting quality resources, and improving efficiency. Environmental factors that facilitating international franchising encompasses economic condition, trend, and legal or political factors in host and/or home countries. In addition, control power and risk management capability of franchisor plays critical role in successful franchising contract. Final decision to enter foreign country via franchising is determined by numerous factors like history, size, growth, competitiveness, management system, bonding capability, industry characteristics of franchisor. After deciding to enter into foreign country, franchisor needs to set entrance modes of international franchising. Within contractual mode, there are master franchising and area developing franchising, licensing, direct franchising, and joint venture. Theories about entrance mode selection contain concepts of efficiency, knowledge-based approach, competence-based approach, agent theory, and governance cost. The next step after entrance decision is operation strategy. Operation strategy starts with selecting a target city and a target country for franchising. In order to finding, screening targets, franchisor needs to collect information about candidates. Critical information includes brand patent, commercial laws, regulations, market conditions, country risk, and industry analysis. After selecting a target city in target country, franchisor needs to select franchisee, in other word, partner. The first important criteria for selecting partners are financial credibility and capability, possession of real estate. And cultural similarity and knowledge about franchisor and/or home country are also recognized as critical criteria. The most important element in operating strategy is legal document between franchisor and franchisee with home and host countries. Terms and conditions in legal documents give objective information about characteristics of franchising agreement for academic research. Legal documents have definitions of terminology, territory and exclusivity, agreement of term, initial fee, continuing fees, clearing currency, and rights about sub-franchising. Also, legal documents could have terms about softer elements like training program and operation manual. And harder elements like law competent court and terms of expiration. Next element in operating strategy is about product and service. Especially for business format franchising, product/service deliverable, benefit communicators, system identifiers (architectural features), and format facilitators are listed for product/service strategic elements. Another important decision on product/service is standardization vs. customization. The rationale behind standardization is cost reduction, efficiency, consistency, image congruence, brand awareness, and competitiveness on price. Also standardization enables large scale R&D and innovative change in management style. Another element in operating strategy is control management. The simple way to control franchise contract is relying on legal terms, contractual control system. There are other control systems, administrative control system and ethical control system. Contractual control system is a coercive source of power, but franchisor usually doesn't want to use legal power since it doesn't help to build up positive relationship. Instead, self-regulation is widely used. Administrative control system uses control mechanism from ordinary work relationship. Its main component is supporting activities to franchisee and communication method. For example, franchisor provides advertising, training, manual, and delivery, then franchisee follows franchisor's direction. Another component is building franchisor's brand power. The last research element is performance factor of international franchising. Performance elements can be divided into franchisor's performance and franchisee's performance. The conceptual performance measures of franchisor are simple but not easy to obtain objectively. They are profit, sale, cost, experience, and brand power. The performance measures of franchisee are mostly about benefits of host country. They contain small business development, promotion of employment, introduction of new business model, and level up technology status. There are indirect benefits, like increase of tax, refinement of corporate citizenship, regional economic clustering, and improvement of international balance. In addition to those, host country gets socio-cultural change other than economic effects. It includes demographic change, social trend, customer value change, social communication, and social globalization. Sometimes it is called as westernization or McDonaldization of society. In addition, the paper reviews on theories that have been frequently applied to international franchising research, such as agent theory, resource-based view, transaction cost theory, organizational learning theory, and international expansion theories. Resource based theory is used in strategic decision based on resources, like decision about entrance and cooperation depending on resources of franchisee and franchisor. Transaction cost theory can be applied in determination of mutual trust or satisfaction of franchising players. Agent theory tries to explain strategic decision for reducing problem caused by utilizing agent, for example research on control system in franchising agreements. Organizational Learning theory is relatively new in franchising research. It assumes organization tries to maximize performance and learning of organization. In addition, Internalization theory advocates strategic decision of direct investment for removing inefficiency of market transaction and is applied in research on terms of contract. And oligopolistic competition theory is used to explain various entry modes for international expansion. Competency theory support strategic decision of utilizing key competitive advantage. Furthermore, research methodologies including qualitative and quantitative methodologies are suggested for more rigorous international franchising research. Quantitative research needs more real data other than survey data which is usually respondent's judgment. In order to verify theory more rigorously, research based on real data is essential. However, real quantitative data is quite hard to get. The qualitative research other than single case study is also highly recommended. Since international franchising has limited number of applications, scientific research based on grounded theory and ethnography study can be used. Scientific case study is differentiated with single case study on its data collection method and analysis method. The key concept is triangulation in measurement, logical coding and comparison. Finally, it provides overall research direction for international franchising after summarizing research trend in Korea. International franchising research in Korea has two different types, one is for studying Korean franchisor going overseas and the other is for Korean franchisee of foreign franchisor. Among research on Korean franchisor, two common patterns are observed. First of all, they usually deal with success story of one franchisor. The other common pattern is that they focus on same industry and country. Therefore, international franchise research needs to extend their focus to broader subjects with scientific research methodology as well as development of new theory.