• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.521-528
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• 2005

The purpose of this research is to find out the degree of cartilage regeneration by inserting the atelo-collagen scaffold obtained from dermis of a calf on cartilage defect site. Dissection underneath the perichondrium by the periosteal elevator on both side of ears of six New Zealand white rabbits were made to expose the cartilage, leaving pairs of circular holes 3, 6, 9 mm width with punches. One hole was left for a control, and on the other hole atelo-collagen scaffold of the same size was transplanted. In postoperative 1, 2, 4 weeks, the tissues were dyed. The length of long axis of neocartilage was measured through an optical microscope with a 0.1 mm graduation at original magnification, ${\times}40$. In the first and second week, both group showed no sign of cartilage regeneration. In the fourth week, regeneration on marginal portions was observed on all groups and the average values of length of long axis of neocartilage according to defect size were as follows: In the cases with 3mm defect, it was $0.85{\pm}0.30mm$ in the control group, and $1.85{\pm}0.38mm$ in the graft group; in the cases with 6 mm defect, $1.33{\pm}0.58mm$ in the control group, and $2.25{\pm}0.46mm$ in the graft group; and in the cases with 9 mm defect, $2.33{\pm}0.77mm$ in the control group, and $4.47{\pm}1.39mm$ in the graft group. This means that the collagen scaffold has an influence on the regeneration of neocartilage. But the relative ratio of the length of neocartilage to cartilage defect size was not significant in the statistics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.305-320
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• 2014

This study identifies the foot shapes of elderly women by classifying foot type according to the 3D shape of the foot and 2D sole type analyzing individual characteristics. The subjects were 295 elderly women over 60 years of age who live in Gwangju. A foot scanner (K&I Technology $Nexcan^{(R)}$) was used to obtain three-dimensional shapes of feet and a flat bad scanner (HP Scanjet G2410) was used to obtain the two-dimensional shapes of soles. The anthropometric measuring items consisted of 59 items estimated on the right foot of each subject. Data were analyzed by various statistical methods such as factor analysis, ANOVA and cluster analysis using the SPSS 19.0 statistical program. To classify the side type of elderly women's feet, three-dimensional measurement data were analyzed for the 27 measurement items using factor analysis and 6 factors were extracted (inside height and side gradient, ankle thickness, toe height and midfoot size, lateral malleolus height, instep, and heel height and gradient). A cluster analysis resulted in three types: 36.5% belonged to Type 1 (high forefoot and high midfoot), 31.1% belonged to Type 2 (high forefoot and low midfoot), and 32.4% belonged to Type 3 (low forefoot and high midfoot). The distribution was relatively even. For the sole, 8 factors were extracted (ball width and medial foot protrusion, lateral foot protrusion, forefoot and hindfoot length ratio, ball gradient, heel size, toe breadth, lateral ball length, and foot length) and a cluster analysis resulted in three Types (Type H, Type D, and Type A). The largest proportion (42.7%) belonged to Type H, which is the same as the elderly men's case.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.131-137
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• 2007

With consideration of the first arrival picking methodology and inherent errors in picking process, I propose, from the computerization point of view, a practical algorithm for picking and error computation. The proposed picking procedure consists of 2-step; 1) picking the first coherent peak or trough events, 2) derive a line which approximates the record in the interval prior to the pick, and set the intercept time of the line as the first break. The length of fitting interval used in experiment, is few samples less than 1/4 width of the arriving wavelet. A quantitative measure of the error involved in first arrival picking is defined as the time length that needed to determine if an event is the first arrival or not. The time length is expressed as a function of frequency bandwidth of the signal and the S/N ratio. For 3 sets of cross-well seismic data, first breaks are picked twice, by manually, and by the proposed method. And at the same time, the error bound for each trace is computed. Experiment results show that good performance of the proposed picking method, and the usefulness of the quantitative error measure in pick-quality evaluation.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.697-703
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• 2015

Twenty apple germplasm accessions from the Korean Genebank were successfully cryopreserved using two-step freezing to back up genetic resources maintained by field collections. This study examined the morphological and genetic stability of cryopreserved dormant apple buds that were stored in liquid nitrogen, and then rewarmed and regrown. Whole plants were regenerated directly from dormant buds through budding without an intermediary callus phase. The cryopreserved buds produced high levels of shoot formation (76.2-100%), similar to those of noncryopreserved buds (91.3-100%), with no observed differences between cryopreserved and noncryopreserved materials. Three of the twenty cryopreserved apple germplasm accessions were used to assess morphological and genetic stability. No differences in morphological characteristics including shoot length, leaf shape, leaf width/length ratio, and root length were observed between controls (fresh control and noncryopreserved) and cryopreserved plantlets. The genetic stability of regenerants (before and after cryopreservation) was investigated using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. The ISSR markers produced 253 bands using four primers, ISSR 810, SSR 835, ISSR 864, and ISSR 899. These markers showed monomorphic banding patterns and revealed no polymorphism between the mother plant and regenerants before and after cryopreservation, suggesting that cryopreservation using two-step freezing does not affect the genetic stability of apple germplasm. These results show that two-step freezing cryopreservation is a practical method for long-term storage of apple germplasms.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.53-67
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• 1982

Physical measurements of 181 Korean elderly women, aged 60 through 79, living in the Seoul area, were taken in 1981 in order to analyze their body types and to study clothing construction according to their body types. The study was composed of 117 items in all; 35 items in measurements, 1 items in Rohrer index, 68 items in physical index to stature and bust girth, and 14 items in proportion, Coefficients of correlation among body dimensions were used. The results from this analysis are as follows: 1) The most significant changes in body dimensions in advanced age were the decrease of bust height and the increase of both abdomen girth and waist girth. 2) Distinct physical changes did not appear until advanced senescence(70~79 years of age). 3) In the three somatotype groups(thin, average, and plump) categorized by their Rohrer index, the dimensions that remained unchanged in senescence were back waist length and front waist length ; the dimensions that varied most significantly in senescence were the waist measurements. 4) As a result of the analysis of coefficients of correlation among the body dimensions of the 3 figure groups categorized by the Rohrer index, the fundamental dimensions for establishing the size of ready-to-wear garments of elderly women were the stature, bust girth and center back length in upper garments. 5) The result of the analysis of physical index and proportion of the 3 figure groups showed that the more plump a figure might be, the ratio of depth to width measurements increased; the back waist height was higher and trunk enlarged. 6) The 9 figure categorized by their Rohrer index and stature showed that the percentage of women in the category of“normal figure”decreased more in advanced senescence than during early senescence. 7) An analysis of variation of the 9 figure groups, the stature and other items for a short and thin figure were the smallest, and for a tall and plump figure, the largest.

• Composites Research
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.34-42
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• 2007

Strength and failure of adhesively bonded carbon composite-to-aluminum single-lap joints were studied by experiment. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of various parameters such as curing pressure for bonding, overlap lengths, and adherend thickness on the failure loads and modes of the bonded Joints with dissimilar materials. Experimental results show that the bonding pressure for composite-to-aluminum dissimilar materials should be 4 atm at the lowest. Failure load of the joints increases as the overlap length increases, but the strength (failure load divided by bonded area) decreases rapidly after the overlap width-to-length ratio is greater than 1. When the adherend thickness increase to double, bonding strength increase $12{\sim}55%$. Major failure mode of the joints is the delamination in the composite laminate and the location of delamination goes deeper into the laminates as the bonding pressure and overlap length increase.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.760-767
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• 2014

An experimental study is carried out to investigate the effect of jet stream in the gab of rectangular cylinders with different length in a parallel arrangement by using PIV method in a circulating water channel. The height(h) of the rectangular cylinder and the gap between the cylinder is 10mm, and the width(B) which is 300mm. The length of the model for flow direction was applied to 30mm, 60mm, 90mm & 120mm, The aspect ratio of a model on the basis of height(H=30mm) is 1, 2, 3 and 4. Reynolds number $Re=1.4{\times}10^4$, $Re=2.0{\times}10^4$, $Re=2.9{\times}10^4$ based on the height(H) of model for the distance of tidal distributions as of water depth have been applied during the whole experiments. The measurement area was set to 5H rear of the cylinder. As a result, Vortex size in the wake area were increased as velocity increased. and high aspect ratio increased through-flow velocity component in the near wake. Velocity deficit increased highly after near-wake area and low aspect ratio.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.126-132
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• 2018

This paper discusses about results of advanced buckling strength design for several kinds of perforated plated in the twin-hull car-ferry. For medium / small sized high speed vessels with a length of more than 50 meters and a length / width ratio of more than 12, such as car-ferries, it is highly possible that the buckling strength becomes weak due to the relatively thin thickness and the use of low strength capacity such as mild steel. Especially, it becomes big problem about weak buckling rigidity around the opening to access purpose in the perforated. As regarding safety design point of view for perforated plate, it is necessary to clarify buckling strength and ultimate strength by the distribution of in-plane load distribution around the opening. In this study, nonlinear series analysis using ANSYS was performed to clarify the influence of parameters such as aspect ratio, opening ratio and opening shape affecting the buckling and ultimate strength characteristics of the perforated plate under axial compression and we are derived the optimum design as buckling strength point of view. Based on these results, the governing factor determining the buckling strength of the perforated plate was the opening ratio, and the aspect ratio and the shape of the hole were not influenced.

• Composites Research
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.13-19
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• 2007

Fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites not only approach almost near to the strength of thermosetting composite but also has excellent productivity, recycling property, and impact resistance, which are pointed as weaknesses of thermosetting composites. The study for strength calculation of one direction fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites and the study measuring precisely fiber orientation distribution were presented. Need the systematic study for the data base that can predict mechanical properties of composite material and fiber orientation distribution by the fiber content ratio was not constructed. Therefore, this study was investigated what affect the fiber content ratio and fiber orientation distribution have on the strength of composites. Fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites by changing fiber orientation distribution and the fiber content ratio were made. Tensile strength ratio of $0^{\circ}$ direction of fiber-reinforced composites increased being proportional the fiber content and fiber orientation function as change from isotropy(J=0) to anisotropy(J=1). But, tensile strength ratio of $90^{\circ}$ direction by separation of fiber filament decreased when tensile load is imposed fur width direction of reinforcement fiber length direction.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.431-435
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• 1992

This experiment was carried out to evaluate Korean red rices as useful genetic resource. Semi-wild red rices were collected from farmer's field of the Korean peninsula from 1988 to 1991. The collected red rices were classified into two groups according to length /width ratio of paddy rice and ecological characters. One was long grain red rice and the other was short grain red rice. Those were evaluated in yield components, culm length and panicle length. Mean number of panicles per hill of collected long grain red rices was 21.5 and that of short grain was 11.8. Number of spikelets per panicile of the long and short grain red rices were 86.1 and 108.7, respectively. 1000 grains weight of long grain was 20.1g and that of short grain was 20.2g. Spikelet fertility of long and short grain were 80.4% and 79.4%, respectively. Culm length of long grain was 103.6cm and that of short grain was 94.8cm. Panicle length of long and short grain were 22.1cm and 21.3cm, respectively. Number of panicles per hill, number of spikelets per panicle and culm length were significantly different between the two groups, however no differences, in panicle, length and seed fertility were found between the two groups.