• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.13 no.2 s.30
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• pp.155-165
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• 1989

The purpose of this study was to investigate on the sleeve form variation according to arm movements for elderly women. This study was experimented using the Plaster gypsum. The subjects who were elderly women were divided into three groups according to Rorher Index. Arm movements were five type ($0^{\circ},\;45^{\circ},\;90^{\circ},\;135^{\circ},\;180^{\circ}$) to each the vertical motion in front and in side. The statistical analyses used in this study were Mean, Standard Deviation, Spearman's correlation coefficients, paired T-test, Kruskal-wallis one-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. The results were as follows: 1) Increasing the movements, the width of the sleeve increased and the height of the sleeve cap decreased but girth of the sleeve cap was not consistant. 2) When varied the rates of the three aspects of the sleeve, the height of the sleeve cap showed the largest variation rate. 3) There was a negative correlation between the height and the width of the sleeve. On the other hand, there was a positive correlation between the sleeve width and the sleeve girth. 4) There were the vertical motion differences between in front and in side on the three aspects of sleeve. 5) The sleeve width and the sleeve girth were different according to somatotypes but the height of the sleeve cap was not different. 6) According to the variation rates of the body surfaces in length of standard lines, the form of sleeve was changed more in the front than in the back. Maximum variation rate showed in the areas of $D_1-D_3,\;E_1-E_3$ in the horizontal lines and $A-E_2$ in vertical lines. 7) According to the comparative drawing of the heights of sleeve cap and sleeve girth, the sleeve basic pattern $S_1(A.H/4)$ was more suitable for the direction $0^{\circ}\;and\;45^{\circ}$. And the basic pattern S_6(A.H/5)$ was more suitable for the direction $90^{\circ}$, the pattern $S_7(A.H/6)$ suitable for the direction $135^{\circ}$, and the pattern $S_8(A.H/8)$ was more suitable for the direction $180^{\circ}$.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.199-207
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• 2007

Strut-and-tie models for noncontact lap splices are presented and parameters affecting the effective lap length $(l_p)$ and the splice strength are discussed in this paper. The effective lap length along which bond stress is developed is shorter than the whole lap length. The effective lap length depends on the transverse reinforcement ratio $({\Phi})$ and the ratio of spacing to lap length $({\alpha})$. As the splice-bar spacing becomes wider, the effective lap length decreases and, therefore, the splice strength decreases. The influence of the ratio ${\alpha}$ on the effective lap length becomes more effective when the transverse reinforcement ratio is low. Because the slope of the strut developed between splice-bars becomes steeper as the ratio ${\Phi}$ becomes lower, the splice-bar spacing significantly affects the effective lap length. The proposed strut-and-tie models for noncontact lap splices are capable of considering material and geometric properties and, hence, providing the optimal design for detailing of reinforcements. The proposed strut-and-tie model can explain the experimental results including cracking patterns and the influence of transverse reinforcements on the splice strength reported in the literature. From the comparison with the test results of 25 specimens, the model can predict the splice strengths with 11.1% of coefficient of variation.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.144-149
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• 2003

This study shows an experimental investigation of a reversible nano colloidal damper, which is statically loaded. The porous matrix is composed from silica gel (labyrinth or central-cavity architecture), coated by organo-silicones substances, in order to achieve a hydrophobic surface. Water is considered as associated lyophobic liquid. Reversible colloidal damper static test rig and the measuring technique of the static hysteresis are described. Influence of the pore and particle diameters, particle architecture and length of the grafted molecule upon the reversible colloidal damper hysteresis is investigated, for distinctive types and mixtures of porous matrices. Variation of the reversible colloidal damper dissipated energy and efficiency with temperature, pressure, is illustrated. As a result, he proposed nano damper is effective one, which can be replaced the conventional damper.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1996.07a
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• pp.133-135
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• 1996

This paper deals with the effect of teeth number variation in permanent Magnet DC motor. As teeth number varies, both flux density distribution and winding pitch are influenced, which is closely related to torque-speed characteristics, output power, and efficiency. In this study, motor design carried out using finite element method, and prototype motors were manufactured to test their performance analysis. In spite of torque ripple due to cogging effect better characteristic of machine using small teeth number was recorded than the motors with large number of rotor teeth. One of that reasons is caused by adopting large coil-length due to large number of teeth, i. e. large coil-pitch.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2003

The test results for water repellency of paper and paperboard according to KS M 7057 can readily be influenced by an operator's bias. In order to discard such bias, the automatic analysis program of water repellency was developed based on different shape features of a liquid trace formed on a specimen. That is, the shape of a liquid track flowing down on the specimen with an angle of $45^{\circ}$ was evaluated according to width variation between head and tail of the trace($S_{Hr}$), uniformity of a liquid flow($S_{d}$), length of long traces($L_{SHr}$), eccentricity of liquid traces($E_{i}$), and then was recognized as a specific degree of water repellency. Finally, the automatic analysis system of water repellency based upon KS M 7057 made it possible to readily measure water resistance of paper and paperboards classified into R0 to R10.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.2 no.2 s.3
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• pp.32-38
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• 1999

An experimental study is performed to investigate the frequency effects of the excitation force on the linear stiffness and damping coefficients of a LOP (load on pad) type five-pad tilting pad journal bearing with the diameter of 300.91 mm and the length of 149.80 mm. The main parameter of interest in the present work is excitation frequency to shake the test bearing. The excitation frequency is controlled independently, using orthogonally mounted hydraulic exciters. The relative movement between the bearing and shaft, and the acceleration of the bearing casing are measured as a function of excitation frequency using the different values of bearing load and shaft speed. Measurements show that the variation of excitation frequency has quite a little effect on both stiffness and damping coefficients. Both direct stiffness and damping coefficients in the direction of bearing load decrease by the increase of shaft speed, but increase with the bearing load.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1998.12a
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• pp.173-179
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• 1998

An experimental study is performed to investigate the frequency effects of the excitation force on the linear stiffness and damping coefficients of a LOP (load on pad) type five-pad tilting pad journal bearing with the diameter of 300.91 mm and the length of 149.80 mm. The main parameter of interest in the present work is excitation frequency to shake the test bearing. The excitation frequency is controlled independently, using orthogonally mounted hydraulic exciters. The relative movement between the bearing and shaft, and the acceleration of the bearing casing are measured as a function of excitation frequency using the different values of bearing load and shaft speed. Measurements show that the variation of excitation frequency has quite a little effect on both stiffness and damping coefficients. Both direct stiffness and damping coefficients in the direction of bearing load decrease by the increase of shaft speed, but increase with the bearing load.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.433-434
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• 2010

This research was conducted length variation test for analyze the characteristics of shrinkage of concrete pavement along with changes of respective kinds of fibers. As a result, fiber-reinforced concrete has showed tendency that of enhanced performance compared to Plain in every kinds of shrinkage resistance performance especially on drying shrinkage. For the case of using domestic polypropylene fiber, a drying shrinkage has resulted in about 75% decrease compared to Plain.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.32B no.5
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• pp.788-797
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• 1995

In this paper, a variable time-scale modification using SOLA(Synchronized OverLap and Add) is proposed, which takes into consideration the different time-scaled characteristics of voiced and unvoiced speech, Generally, voiced speech is subject to higher variations in length during time-scale modification than unvoiced speech, but the conventional method performs time-scale modification at a uniform rate for all speech. For this purpose, voiced and unvoiced speech duration at various talking speeds were statistically analyzed. The sentences were then spoken at rates of 0.7, 1.3, 1.5 and 1.8 times normal speed. A clipping autocorrelation function was applied to each analysis frame to determine voiced and unvoiced speech to obtain respective variation rates. The results were used to perform variable time-scale modification to produce sentences at rates of 0.7, 1.3, 1.5, 1.8 times normal speed. To evaluate performance, a MOS test was conducted to compare the proposed voiced/unvoiced variable time-scale modification and the uniform SOLA method. Results indicate that the proposed method produces sentence quality superior to that of the conventional method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.84-87
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• 2003

Carbon-nitrogen (CN) nanofibers have been produced using a water cooled hot isostatic pressure (HIP) apparatus. The CN nanofibers were grown in random with the diameter of about 100-150nm and length over $10{\mu}m$. Emission properties of CN nanofibers were investigated for spacing, between anode and cathode, variation. Then turn-on fields about $1.4V/{\mu}m$. The time reliability and light emission test were carried out for above 100 hours. We suggest that CN nanofibers can be possibly applied to high brightness flat lamp because of low turn-on field and time reliability.