• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.1518-1523
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• 2004

This study was conducted to evaluate nutritive value of forages commonly used as ruminant feeds in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Seven species of grasses and five species of legumes were collected during the rainy season. The results showed that chemical composition, in vitro digestibility of dry matter (DMD), organic matter (OMD) and crude protein (CPD), in vitro gas production and metabolizable energy (ME) content greatly varied among the species of grass and legume forages. The CP content ranged from 6.6 to 16.2% in grass and from 17.5 to 29.1% in legumes; while NDF content of grass and legume ranged from 57.2 to 66.2% and from 24.4 to 55.6%, respectively. The DMD, OMD and CPD of grass ranged from 49.1 to 62.2%, 51.9 to 64.4% and 50.5 to 60.3%; while in legumes the values ranged from 59.1 to 71.8%, 65.2 to 72.0% and 68.2 to 71.6%, respectively. The ME content of grass varied from 6.4 to 9.3 MJ/kg and from 6.5 to 8.3 MJ/kg for legumes. In general, within species of grass Cynodon plectostachyus contained higher CP but was lower in NDF that resulted in much higher digestibility; a similar result was also found in Leucaena leucocephala for the legumes. The two forages also contained much higher ME than the others. In conclusion, the nutritive value of forages in North Sumatra, Indonesia during the rainy season was relatively high as ruminant feed, with the best quality noted for Cynodon plectostachyus and Leucaena leucocephala.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.34-42
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• 1989

山地草地開發파 聯關된 草地士爆改良 및 施R巴法 改善올 薦하여 Homes의 Systematic variations 方法으로 多量要素 ${\Sigma}$Anion : ${\Sigma}$Cation 適正施服比率 및 適正總養分(${\Sigma}$A+ ${\Sigma}$C) 施肥量을 決定코자 Grass-clover 混播我培條件에서 山地土壞을 供試한 Pot 試驗으로 遂行한 結果는 1. 混播條件에서 各構成草種別 收量提高를 위한 ${\Sigma}$A/${\Sigma}$C 適正施服比率 및 適正總養分濃度를 換算 하였다(Table 6 ). 未本科 및 混合救草의 適正 ${\Sigma}$A:${\Sigma}$C=2 : 1 (80, 320meq/pot 時) 와 3 : 2 (560, 800 meq時)를 보였고, 荳科목초는 未本科收草의 경우와는 相反되게 供히 約 1 : 2比率을 보였다. 2.. 適正總養分灌度는 混合收草 및 未本科收草에서는 ${\Sigma}$A/${\Sigma}$C比率이 낮아질수록 -.般的으로 높은 濃度를 보였으나, 荳科목초는 일관성 높은 없이 多少 變異福이 컸다. 3. 未本科 및 혼합목초에서는 ${\Sigma}$A/${\Sigma}C$C 比率이 커 질수록, 總養分禮度가 增加할수록 乾物收量이 增加하였으나, 높은 農度 (560, 800meq/pot) 에서는 ${\Sigma}$A/${\Sigma}$C=2.125 보다 1. 273 처리에서 有意性 있게 높은 收量을 보였다. 反面에 두과목초의 收量은 ${\Sigma}$C 比率이 높아질수록 收量增加를 보였고, ${\Sigma}$C 比率이 높은 條件에서만 總濃度 증가에 따르는 收量增加를 보였다. 4. 두과목초에서는 ${\Sigma}$C>${\Sigma}C$A比率에서 乾物收量에 對단 ${\Sigma}$C 효율이 높은것을(80meq 例外) 除外 하고는 各구성초중 供히 ${\Sigma}$A 및 ${\Sigma}$C比率이 낮을 때, 總養分濃度가 낮을때 各 ${\Sigma}$A 및 ${\Sigma}C$C 효율이 높았다. 5. 各구성草種의 收量 및 植生밟成比率이 ${\Sigma}$A/${\Sigma}$C比率 및 總、養分濃度와 이들의 相互作用에 크게 影響을 받았고, 未本科와 두과목초間은 大體로 相反된 特性을 보였다. 또한 士壞의 化學的 特性 및 건초중 無機養分의 含量이 處理에 따라 부분적으로 變化 되었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.50-56
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 경상북도 일원에서 수집한 자귀나부(Albizia julibrissin)를 포함한 두과식물 17종에서 인체의 혈당저하제의 원료로 사용되는 pinitol 함량을 식물체 부위별로 조사하였는 바, 결과를 요약하면 아래와 같다. 1. 수집한 17개 두과식물 종간에는 pinitol 함량에서 유의적인 차이가 인정되었으며, 종별 총 pinitol 함량에서는 비수리(Lespedeza cuneata)가 가장 높은 값을 보였다. 식물체 부위별로 pinitol 함량을 살펴보면 대체적으로 잎, 줄기, 꼬투리, 종자, 뿌리의 순으로 많았다. 2. 잎에서 비교적 많은 pinitol 함량을 보인 식물은 골담초, 족제비싸리, 돌동부 및 비수리로 각각 59.9 mg/g, 62.2 mg/g, 69.6 mg/g, 65.4 mg/g으로 약 60 mg/g이상을 나타내었고, 줄기의 경우는 황기가 34.0 mg/g으로 비교적 높게 나타났으며, 뿌리에서는 칡이 24.6 mg/g으로 가장 높았으며, 감초와 골담초가 16.9 mg/g, 16.5 mg/g으로 그 다음으로 높았다. 그러나 꼬투리나 종자에서는 제비콩(52.5 mg/g)과 비수리(24.9 mg/g)를 제외하고 pinitol 함량은 잎이나 줄기에 비해 모든 조사식물에서 상대적으로 낮았다. 3. 조사대상 식물체의 pinitol 함량과 수확 가능한 식물체량을 고려할 때, 실제 약용으로 이용 가능성이 가장 높은 식물은 비수리이었다. 비수리의 경우 전국적인 수집을 통해 pinitol 함량이 높은 계통을 선발한다면 이용가능성 이 높은 pinitol 추출용 계통의 선발이나 보다 이용가치가 높은 새로운 품종의 육성도 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.995-1002
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• 2008

Kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.) is a rhizomatous perennial legume that has potential as a forage crop in the North-Central USA because of its excellent persistence under environmental extremes. Little information is available about defoliation effects on productivity of mixtures of kura clover with grasses typically grown in this region. Two field trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of defoliation management on yield and species composition of binary mixtures of 'Rhizo' kura clover with 'Comet' orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), 'Badger' smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), 'Park' Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), and solo-seeded kura clover near Arlington, WI. Three harvest schedules (three, four, or five times annually) and two cutting heights (4 or 10 cm) were imposed. Infrequent defoliation and lower cutting height produced significantly greater total forage yield, 6.6, 5.8, and 5.2 Mg/ha in 3-, 4-, and 5-harvest systems, respectively; and 6.5 and 5.2 Mg/ha for the 4- and 10-cm cutting height, respectively. Averaged over 3 yr and two environments, mixtures had higher forage productions than solo kura clover (6.3, 5.7, and 6.0 Mg/ha for the Kentucky bluegrass, orchardgrass, and smooth bromegrass mixtures, respectively; compared to 5.2 Mg/ha for solo kura clover). The proportion of kura clover in mixtures increased from yr 1 to yr 2 and was constant from yr 2 to yr 3 (34, 58, and 57%, respectively). We conclude that kura clover has excellent potential as a long-term component of grass-legume mixtures regardless of the cutting height, harvest frequency or grass species, even though the proportion of kura clover in harvested forage was significantly greater with less frequent harvest and shorter cutting height of all mixtures.

• 식물병연구
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2013

Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV; genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae) causes severe losses to various legume species and a number of non-legume species, particularly freesia plants. In a survey of virus diseases in Gyeonggi province, Korea, BYMV isolates were identified from many cultivated freesia species. Here, we determined the complete nucleotide sequences of a BYMV freesia isolate (BYMV-Fr; accession number FJ492961). BYMV-Fr genome consists of 9,545 nucleotides (nt) excluding the poly (A) tail and encodes 3,057 amino acid (aa), with an AUG start and UAG stop codon, containing one open reading frame typical of a potyvirus polyprotein. The polyprotein of BYMV-Fr was divided to ten proteins and the cleavage sites of each protein were determined. The coat protein (CP) and polyprotein of BYMV-Fr were compared at the aa level with those of the previously reported 4 BYMV isolates. BYMV-Fr shared 90.1 to 97.1 and 91.0 to 92.5% at the CP and polyprotein homology. Interestingly, BYMV-Fr showed identities of a lower level at the nt level of 5' noncoding region (61.4 to 67.6%) and at the aa level of P1 (71.4 to 72.8%), comparing with four BYMV isolates. Based on the aa sequence diversity of CP and polyprotein, phylogenetic analysis with the four BYMV isolates showed two distinct groups and BYMV-Fr and most BYMV isolates were most closely related to the clover yellow vein virus among 52 potyviruses. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the complete genome sequence of BYMV freesia strain.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.325-333
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• 1994

This study was undertaken at Gowa, South Sulawesi, Indonesia as part of a larger forage genetic resource evaluation project. The experimental program consisted of a field experiment where grasses and legume species were grown in monocultures and the yield, N content and rumen bag digestibility using goats were measured. The field experiment was conducted from December 1985 to October 1986. Eight species of legumes (Desmodium heterophyllum cv. John-stone, Desmodium triflorum from Gowa, South Sulawesi, Arachis sp. from Maiwa, South Sulawesi, Clitoria ternalea CPI 50973, Macroptilium atropurpureum ev. Siratro, Neonotonia wightii cv. Tinaroo, Centrosema pubescens CPI 58575, Centrosema plumeri CPI 58568) were grown as monocultures. After establishment all plants were cut to a uniform height of 5 cm, and subsequent cuts were made on regrowth after 14, 28, 42, and 56 days (cycle 1). Cycle 2 commenced towards the end of the wet season and continued for 157 days into the dry season. The highest yielding legumes were C. ternatea in the wet season and Arachis sp. in the dry season. The mean rumen bag dry matter digestibility (RBDMD) of legumes of 67.6% for leaf material (averaged over all cycles and ages) was 7.6% higher than for stem material. The RBDMD of Arachis was significantly higher than all other species. The RBDMD of all legumes declined with age. Calculation of yield of digestible DM (yield $\times$ RBDMD) showed that Arachis sp. was the best legume. The combination of plant "quality" with yield measures is a valuable adjunct to routine agronomic survey procedures in plant evaluation programs. Arachis sp. appears to offer considerable promise and should be more widely evaluated.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.219-224
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• 2023

Melilotus dentatus (Waldst. & Kit.) Desf. is an invasive plant native to Europe, Russia, Uzbekistan, Mongolia and China. It was introduced to North America to create grazing areas for livestock; its growth has since become uncontrollable. Melilotus dentatus is now found in Namyang-eup, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea as an alien plant. This species is morphologically similar to Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb. and Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. M. dentatus differs from other species based on its oblong leaflets, distinct teeth, two ovules, surface of the legume that is minutely reticulate-nerved or smooth, and seeds that are dark green to greenish brown. Here, we have provided a detailed description and photographs of the alien species M. dentatus as well as an updated key to five Melilotus taxa studied, which will help prepare a continuous monitoring and management plan.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.51-61
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• 2016

In order to provide recommendations on the most useful forage species to smallholder farmers, eleven grass and eleven legume forages grown in Abomey-Calavi in Republic of Benin were investigated for nutritive value (i.e. chemical composition and energy content) and fermentation characteristics (i.e. gas and volatile fatty acid production, organic matter degradability). The in vitro gas production technique was used, incubating the forages for 120 h under anaerobic condition with buffalo rumen fluid. Compared to legume, tropical grass forages showed lower energy (8.07 vs 10.57 MJ/kg dry matter [DM]) and crude protein level (16.10% vs 19.91% DM) and higher cell wall content (neutral detergent fiber: 63.8% vs 40.45% DM), respectively. In grass forages, the chemical composition showed a quite high crude protein content; the in vitro degradability was slightly lower than the range of tropical pasture. The woody legumes were richer in protein and energy and lower in structural carbohydrates than herbaceous plants, however, their in vitro results are influenced by the presence of complex compounds (i.e. tannins). Significant correlations were found between chemical composition and in vitro fermentation characteristics. The in vitro gas production method appears to be a suitable technique for the evaluation of the nutritive value of forages in developing countries.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.458-468
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• 2007

To tolerate environmentally adverse conditions such as cold, drought, and salinity, plants often synthesize and accumulate proline in cells as compatible osmolytes. ${\Delta}^1$-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase(P5CS) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of proline biosynthesis from glutamate. Two complete genes, MtP5CS1 and MtP5CS2, were isolated from the model legume Medicago truncatula by cDNA cloning and bacterial artificial chromosome library screening. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that both genes consisted of 20 exons and 19 introns. Alignment of the predicted amino acid sequences revealed high similarities with P5CS proteins from other plant species. The two MtP5CS genes were expressed in response to high salt and low temperature treatments. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction showed that MtP5CS1 was expressed earlier than MtP5CS2, indicating differential regulation of the two genes. To evaluate the reverse genetic effects of nucleotide changes on MtP5CS function, a Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes approach was taken. Three mutants each were isolated for MtP5CS1 and MtP5CS2, of which a P5CS2 nonsense mutant carrying a codon change from arginine to stop was expected to bring translation to premature termination. These provide a valuable genetic resource with which to determine the function of the P5CS genes in environmental stress responses of legume crops.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.68-76
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• 1989

The effect of characteristic of mixture sowing combination on the development of botanical composition was conducted for 12 years on the meadow experiment. The results of this study were summarized as follows. 1. Festuca pratensis lost the expected position of a dominant species. Its vegetation ratio decreased gradually until the last survey year. 2. Arrhenatherum elatius, known as a typical 2-cutting grasss, developed to a dominant species only in the 3- cutting plot without limitation. 3. Alopecurus pratensis, whose feeding value diminishes rapidly, developed to a dominant species regardless of N-fertilization under the condition of 3-cutting, even though the same small amount of seeding was introduced as usual. 4. Trisetum flavescens which causes calcinose exceeded the 40% of vegetation ratio which was the approved rate for feeding at the high N-level (2OOKgIha). 5. Among the introduced, the species showed the significance in quantity were Lotus corniculafus solely in the 2-cutting plot, and Trifolium repens solely in the 3-cutting plot. In the 3-cutting plot legume yet remained under N-fertilization. 6. The appropriate ratio of vegetation for the subordinate species in the mixture sowing combination was easily attained from the least amount of seeding (Gramineae with max. 3Kg/ha, Leguminosae with max. 2kgIha). 7. Into the mixture sowing combination, infiltrated unintroduced species marked more noticeably in the 2- cutting plot than in the 3-cutting plot.