• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.1139-1146
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• 2002

Sixty crossbred Anglo-Nubian goats (growing females), 18-24 mo of age, with a mean pre-experimental live weight of $20.9{\pm}0.44kg$ were used to investigate voluntary dry matter intake (DMI) and digestibility of supplements of Leucaena leucocephala (LL) leaves to a basal diet of guinea grass. The experiment was a 3 forms of presentation: fresh, wilted and $dry{\times}4$ levels of supplementation: 10, 20, 30 and 40% of total forage allowance with LL leaves. The goats were assigned based on weight and age to one of the twelve diets in a randomized manner and each level had five animals (replicates) per diet for 56 days. The form of presentation of LL leaves had effects on dry matter (DM) and nutrient composition. DM and NDF were higher in the dry LL leaves (p<0.05). In the diets, CP increased as the level of supplementation with LL leaves increased (p<0.05). Mean CP was similar in the fresh ($14.8{\pm}3.5%$), wilted ($14.3{\pm}3.3%$) and dry forms ($13.9{\pm}3.1%$). Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) decreased linearly (p<0.05) with increase in levels of supplementation. Organic matter (OM) followed the trend of CP concentration (p<0.05). Drying was observed to reduce the availability of CP at the different levels of supplementation and subsequently this affected the NDF of the diets. DM intake of the goats on the fresh and wilted LL leaves was significantly higher (p<0.05) than in those on the dry LL leaves. DM intake of the basal diet was observed to decrease as the level of supplementation (p<0.05) increased regardless of the form of presentation of LL. Growth rate was best (p<0.05) on the fresh form followed by wilted and the least in the dry form. Growth rate decreased linearly (p<0.05) with increase in the level of supplementation in the dry form. The form of presentation and level of supplementation influenced DM, CP and OM digestibility (p<0.05). Except for NDF, the digestibility of DM, CP and OM were better (p<0.05) in the goats on fresh LL leaves compared to the wilted and dry leaves. Based on the data on DMI, growth rate and apparent nutrient digestibility coefficients, the results suggest that LL leaves is best utilized when fed fresh or wilted to goats. In the dry form of presentation, the best level of supplementation without a reduction in voluntary DMI and growth rate is the 20%. In the fresh and wilted form, LL leaves could be fed up to the 40% level with improved DMI, growth rate and nutrient utilization.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제95권1호
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• pp.124-130
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• 2006

광 저해에 대한 보호 메커니즘을 구명하기 위하여, 폐석지내 선구수종인 사방오리나무를 대상으로 수목의 활력과 잎 발달 단계에 따라 잎 내 엽록소 형광, 엽록소와 카로테노이드 함량 및 항산화 효소 활성을 분석하였다. 활력이 높은 개체는 오후 12시에 활력이 낮은 개체는 오후 2시에 가장 낮은 광화학효율을 나타냈으며, 두 개체 모두 오후 6시에 광화학효율을 완전히 회복하였다. 성숙 잎은 어린잎보다 전 측정 시간에 걸쳐 광화학 효율이 높았다. 엽록소, 베타카로틴 및 크산토필 함량은 활력이 높은 개체와 성숙한 잎에서 높았으며, 특히 크산토필 함량은 활력이 높은 개체가 활력이 낮은 개체보다 어린잎에서는 8.7배, 성숙 잎에서는 18.8배 높았다. 항산화효소는 SOD만이 활력이 높은 개체에서 잎의 연령 간 활성 차이를 나타냈다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2002

야콘(Polynmia sonchilolia)의 식품가공에의 적용 확대를 위해 그것들의 신선한 잎, 줄기, 괴근과 건조 잎과 줄기 및 후숙 후의 괴근의 화학적 성분들을 조사하였다. 수분함량은 신선한 잎의 경우 83.38%에서 건조 후 18.08%이었고, 줄기의 경우 92.30%에서 건조 후 27.97%로 크게 감소하였으며, 괴근의 경우 신선한 것은 89.52%이었으나 후숙 후 86.99%로 수분감소가 적게 나타났다. 잎의 지방, 단백질, 가용분, ascorbic acid, chlorophyll과 tannin의 함량은 줄기보다 더 많았다. 생괴근과 후숙괴근에서 단백질은 모두 0.04%, 지방은 각각 0.31%, 0.43%, 회분은 각각 0.40%, 0.42%, ascorbic acid는 각각 2.77 mg/100 g와 2.87 mg/100 9로서 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 주요한 무기성분은 잎, 줄기, 괴근에서 모두 P, K, Mg이었다. 유리당은 잎, 줄기, 괴근 모두 glucose와 fructose가 주요한 성분을 이루고 있었으며, 괴근에서는 모든 당이 후숙 후 크게 증가하였다. 유리아미노산은 모든 시료에서 isoleucine의 함량이 가장 많았다. $\beta$-carotene의 함량은 신선한 잎에서 9.01 $\mu\textrm{g}$/100 g, 건조잎에서 107.87 $\mu\textrm{g}$/100 g이었고, 생괴근에서 0.40 $\mu\textrm{g}$/100 g와 후숙괴근에서 0.55 $\mu\textrm{g}$/100 g로 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.45-55
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• 2011

A feeding trial was conducted to study the replacement value of concentrates with Barhar (Artocarpus lakocha) leaves on growth performance of kids fed a mixed jungle grass-based diet. Fifteen Sikkim local kids, about 4 months of age and body weight ranging from 5.8 to 9.2 kg, were randomly distributed into three groups of five. Kids were stall fed ad lib with mixed jungle grass collected from the nearby forest and native scrubland. The kids in group I received supplementary concentrate (Maize 35%, mustard cake 32%, rice bran 30%, mineral mixture 2% and common salt 1%) at approximately 2% of BW. For groups II and III, 25 and 50% of the concentrate was replaced with Barhar (Artocarpus lakocha) leaves, respectively. Total dry matter intake (DMI) was not significantly different among groups. Digestibility of CP decreased (p<0.05) and that of NDF increased (p<0.01) with increasing level of Barhar leaves in the diet. Digestibility of ADF (p<0.01), hemi cellulose (p<0.05) and cellulose (p<0.01) was higher in groups II and III than in group I. Ruminal pH and TVFA concentration were not significantly different among groups. Rumen ammonia-N concentration decreased (p<0.01) with increased level of Barhar leaves in the diet. Similarly, plasma urea nitrogen and blood glucose levels were reduced (p<0.05) with increasing level of Barhar leaves in the diet. Replacement of concentrate with Barhar resulted in reduced Hb and lower serum iron concentration. Levels of other serum metabolites including minerals were not altered by the replacement. Average daily gain (ADG) was 53.3, 54.4 and 41.8 g/d in groups I, II and III, respectively. ADG was not adversely affected when the level of replacement was restricted to 25%. However, at 50% of replacement ADG was significantly lower than the control (p<0.05). Thus, it was concluded that Barhar leaves might replace 25% of the supplemental concentrate for growing Sikkim local kids fed on a mixed jungle grass-based diet.

• 생약학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.278-282
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• 2006

In this study, we analyzed and quantified the contents of magnolol (1), honokiol (2), and obovatol (3) in the leaves of Magnolia species by HPLC. HPLC methods were developed and validated by ICH guide lines comparing the linearity, intraday precision, inter-day precision. The optimal conditions were as follows; wavelength: 288 nm, column: Zorbax Eclipse XDBC18 $(2.1\times150\;mm,\;5{\mu}m)$, mobile phase: Acetonitril - 0.1 % $H_3PO_4$ (45:55, v/v) buffer, flow rate: 0.5 ml/min. The contents of magnolol, honokiol and obovatol were 1.08%, 2.37%, and 0.57% in the leaves of M. officinalis, 0.50%, 0.03%, and 1.54% in the leaves of M. biloba, 0.37%, 0.03%, and 0.76% in the leaves of M. obovata. The contents of effective ingredients in the leaves of M. officinalis and M biloba were higher than that of M. obovata. Especially, the content of obovatol in the leaves of M. biloba was remarkably high. This result showed that the shapes of leaves have a certain relationship with the content of obovatol.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2010

고추 부산물의 활용을 위해 고추의 각 기관별 추출물에 대한 항산화와 QR 유도 활성을 측정하였다. 고추의 과실, 뿌리, 줄기, 잎을 각각 메탄올로 추출하여 분석한 결과, 고춧잎이 다른 기관에 비해 플라보노이드와 페놀성분이 높은 것으로 나타났다. DPPH 항산화 실험에서는 기관별로 큰 차이가 없었던 반면, ABTS 항산화 실험에서는 고춧잎이 다른 기관에 비해 유의적으로 높은 항산화능을 보였다. FTC와 TBA 실험에서 줄기와 고춧잎이 다른 기관에 비해 유의하게 높은 지질과산화 억제능을 나타냈다. QR 유도활성에서는 고춧잎, 뿌리, 줄기, 과실순으로 높았다. 고춧잎의 경우 $50-200\;{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서는 다른 기관에 비해 높은 세포 성장 억제능을 보였다. 결론적으로 고춧잎은 다른 기관에 비해 항산화 활성과 QR 유도 활성이 높아 기능성소재로서의 활용가치가 높다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.264-270
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• 2016

이 연구에서는 경찰공무원의 연가 사용 실태를 실증적으로 살펴보았다. 한국경찰은 많은 초과노동에 시달리고 있는 반면, 장시간의 노동으로부터 건강을 보호 회복하고 노동력 재생산 유지와 문화생활 확보 등을 위한 휴가 사용에는 소극적인 편이다. 조사 결과, 대다수의 경찰공무원은 주어진 법정 연가 일수를 절반도 사용하고 있지 않았다. 남자보다는 여자경찰관이, 미혼보다는 기혼경찰관의 연가 사용 일수가 상대적으로 많았으며, 근무환경적 특성별로는 교대 근무자가 비교대 근무를 하는 경찰공무원에 비해 연가 사용 일수가 적은 것으로 나타났다. 소극적인 연가 사용의 원인은 경찰의 업무 과중, 일 중심의 삶, 가정보다는 직장을 우선하는 조직문화 등 다양한 이유들이 결부된 결과일 것이다. 따라서 현실적인 연가 사용이 이루어지기 위해서는 경찰공무원의 업무 과중을 해결해 줄 수 있는 인력충원과 그로 인한 적정한 업무배분이 선행되어져야 할 것이다. 또한 직장과 가정에서의 균형을 중시하는 관리자의 인식과 조직문화의 확산이 시급해 보인다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.343-349
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• 2010

In Korea, man-caused forest fires are known originate primarily in coniferous forests. We have hypothesized that the vulnerability of Pinus densiflora forests is principally a consequence of the ignition characteristics of the species. To assess this hypothesis, we conducted two combustion experiments using fallen leaves with a reference species, Quercus variabilis. In the first experiments, in which a cigarette was employed as a primary heat source for the initiation of a forest fire, the Pinus leaves caught fire significantly faster (1'1" at Pinus, 1'31" at Quercus, P < 0.001), and ignition proceeded normally. Quercus leaves, on the other hand, caught fire but did not ignite successfully. In the second set of experiments utilizing different moisture contents and fuel loads, the maximum flame temperature of the Pinus leaves was significantly higher ($421^{\circ}C$ at Pinus, $361^{\circ}C$ at Quercus, P < 0.001) and the combustion persisted for longer than in the Quercus leaves (8'8" at Pinus, 3'38" at Quercus, P < 0.001). The moisture contents of the leaves appeared to be a more important factor in the maximum temperature achieved, whereas the most important factor in burning time was the amount of fuel. Overall, these results support the assumption that Pinus leaves can be ignited even by low-heat sources such as cigarettes. Additionally, once ignited, Pinus leaves burn at a relatively high flame temperature and burn for a prolonged period, thus raising the possibility of frequent fire occurrences and spread into crown fires in forests of P. densiflora.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.299-310
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• 2010

본 연구는 설기떡을 깻잎량을 달리 첨가(0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%)하여 제조한 후, 기계적 검사와 관능검사를 실시하여 깻잎 함유 설기떡 제조의 최적 배합비를 찾고자 하였다. 수분 함량은 깻잎 첨가군이 대조군보다 높았다. L값은 대조군이 가장 높았으며, a값과 b값은 대조군이 깻잎 첨가군에 비해 유의적으로 낮았다(p<0.05). 탄력성, 검성, 씹힘성이 깻잎 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 감소하고, 경도와 부착성은 대조군이 가장 높았다. 기호도 검사 결과, 색, 맛, 전체적 기호도는 깻잎 20% 첨가군이 가장 높게 평가되었다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때, 깻잎 첨가는 설기떡의 기호도를 높여 주고, 깻잎 첨가량 20%가 가장 적절한 것으로 사료된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.831-836
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• 2009

The aims of this investigation was to examine the anti-obesity effects of oral administration with Mulberry leaves extraction in the high-fat diet induced obesity rats. We investigated the anti-obesity effects of the extract from Mulberry leaves on the progress of high fat diet for 8 weeks. Experimental rats were divided into 5 different experimental groups including an normal group (normal dieat; n=10), control group (high fat diet; n=10), I (Mulberry leaves extraction 100 mg/kg oral administration induced obesity; n=10), II (Mulberry leaves extraction 300 mg/kg oral administration; n=10), and III (Mulberry leaves extraction 500 mg/kg oral administration; n=10). It is to analysis changes in body weight, epididymal fat weight, blood lipid profiles, and fat histological findings. Body weights were significantly increase in control group than normal groups(p<0.05). The level of total cholesterol, LDL-C and TG were significantly lower in experimental groups than control group (p<0.05). In histopathologic finding of fat-tissue around testicle experimental group I and II were more decreased than high fat diet-induced control group in fat cell size. These results suggested that the Mulberry leaves extraction oral administration made the increase of anti-obesity effect in high-fat diet induced obesity rats.