• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.298-302
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• 2008

In this study, we have carried out the test to examine the ignition characteristics, such as a relation of moisture content and combustibility, and ignition temperature using KRS-RG-9000 tester, living leaves and dead leaves of significant 7 species of Young Dong Provinces of Korea after and before the rainfall. After 144 hours at normal temperature, the percentage of water content of the needle-shaped leaves was less than 10%. So it is suppose to be ignite easily. On the other hand, the self-temperature to ignite of broadleaf is higher. So the retard time at lower temperature is more long than needle-shaped leaf. Consequently, the fire-resistant qualities of broadleaf is higher than needle-shaped leaf.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.309-314
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• 2015

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is known to have the characteristics of destructed periodontal tissue. Anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of mulberry leaves in periodontal tissue is not well known until now. We investigated the effects of n-butanol extract of mulberry leaves on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced proinflammatory cytokines, such as $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-8 and modulates osteogenic differentiation in periodontal ligament cells. The expression levels of Runx2, ALP and mRNA were increased by n-butanol extract of mulberry leaves at the concentration of $100{\mu}g/ml$ in periodontal ligament cells. n-Butanol extract of mulberry leaves extract reduced the range of pathophysiological processes, such as inflammation and increase in the level of osteogenic-related genes. These findings suggest that n-butanol extract of mulberry leaves has therapeutic effects on periodontitis and periodontal tissue regeneartion.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 2014

This study was designed to evaluate antioxidant activity of Curcuma longa L. leaves treated by ultra high pressure extraction. Curcuma longa L. leaves was subjected to 5,000 bar for 5 and 15 min at $25^{\circ}C$ The highest phenolics and flavonoids content was observed in the treatment of high pressure extraction for 15 min ($308.28{\mu}g/mg$, $124.33{\mu}g/mg$). The DPPH scavenging activity was 82.34% at $1.0mg/m{\ell}$ of Curcuma longa L. leaves treated by ultra high pressure process for 15 min. The highest SOD-like acitivity of Curcuma longa L. leaves ($1.0mg/m{\ell}$) was observed at ultra high pressure extraction for 15 min (67.54%). The high pressure extraction significantly increased the contents of phenolics and flavonoids and also enhanced the antioxidant activity. These results provide useful information for enhancing biological properties of Curcuma longa L. leaves.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.497-504
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• 2003

The objectives of this study were to develop a harvesting gripper for perilla leaves and test its performance, which was a partial work of the automated perilla leaves harvesting system development. The results of this study could be summarized as the followings: The shear forces for harvesting the perilla were measured. The measured results showed that the average shear force required was 12.13N for cutting the petioles attached to the perilla stalks, and the maximum of 17.42N. The inner diameter of air cylinder used was 6mm and the air pressure was maintained as 0.7㎫ during the tests. The time required for cutting perilla leaves could be adjusted by the control program and cutting operation could be done within 1- 10 seconds. The performance tests were conducted to harvest the perilla leaves by the gripper developed. The average success rates of cutting were 72.2％ for the first test, 78.5％ for the second, and 74.2％ for the last. The perilla leaves were not damaged by the gripper The whole system operation could be finished within three seconds except the delay time for dropping harvested leaves.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.37-44
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• 1980

Kidneybean(Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and buckwheat(Fagopyrum esculentum M nch) seedlings grown with Hoagland solution to a height of 7 to 10 cm in the earthen pot containing sand were used for experimental plants. One group of the experimental plants was irrigated with Hoagland solution composed of various Pb-concentratons of 0 to 1000ppm containing 30ppm, and the other group was irrigated with Hoagland solution composed of various P-concentrations of 0 to 1,000ppm containing 30ppm Pb for a month during June and July in 1979. By Pb-surplus over 100ppm, the margins of buckwheat were curled down and turned into yellow-brown chlorosis, but the leaves of kidneybean were become dark-green at an early stage, and then developed chlorosis, finally shedded earlier than the control. Pb-toxicity was similar to the symptoms of P-deficiency. The ratio, 3/1 of chlorophyll a/b at an early stage, was unaffected by Pb-surplus or P-deficiency, but at the later stage it was altered. ATP content with Pb-surplus of 100ppm was decreased by 69% in kidneybean leaves and by 38% in buckwheat leaves, and it with P-deficiency was decreased by 75% in kidneybean leaves and by 43% in buckwheat leaves. In the assay of ATP content of the leaves at intervals of three hours for one day of July in the year, the rhythms of ATP level were unaffected by light or temperature although the amplitude of the level was modified. The rhythms of Pb-surplus and P-deficiency plants were observed at the lower range of ATP content than that of control.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 1986

The fragility, which express the fineness index, increased linearly with the moisture content for various tobacco shreds and showed a high correlation to the moisture content. Then, fineness index (FIs) at reference moisture content(l2.5%) was obtained by following equation. FIs=FIm+A(12.5-Mm) A" denote the gradient of simple linear regression equation between the fineness index and moisture content. FIm; the fineness index measured at the standard moisture content(12.5%). The characteristics of fragility concerning with some kinds of tobacco raw materials, stalk position, moisture content and storaged time were investigated. The following results were obtained. 1. The moisture content range of less fragile of tobacco raw material was from 16% to 20%. whereas the rolled process sheet tobacco was from 12% to 16%. 2. The Bright yellow and the paper process sheet tobacco were less fragile than that of the other tobacco raw materials. 3. The leaves were more distant from middle stalk position, and its become more fragile. 4. Physical properties of the storaged tobacco leaves were determined as a function of each storageunction of each storage time. The long-term storaged leaves(more than 3 years) were slightly lighter weight, more fragility and lower equilbrium moisture content than thos of the mid-term storaged leaves.(less than 3 years). 5. Contents of chemical component of the storaged leaves were determined every storage time. The long-term storaged leaves were slightly lower content of nicotine and chlorine than those of mid-term storaged leaves, but contents of crude fiber, total ash and calcium were increased significantly.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.713-723
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• 2015

This study was performed to investigate the physicochemical activities such as mineral contents, antioxidantant activities, ${\partial}$-glucosidase activity, and angiotensin I-converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitory effect of Dangmyon (starch vermicelli) prepared with mulberry leaves powder. Mulberry leaves powder was added in ratio (w/w) of 0% (CON), 0.5% (MD1), 1.0% (MD2), 1.5% (MD3), and 2.0% (MD4), and then mineral contents, total polyphenol contents, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antihypertensive activities of the Dangmyon were measured. The mineral contents were significantly increased by the addition of mulberry leaves powder (p<0.001). The total polyphenol contents and antioxidant activities of Dangmyon were significantly increased by the addition of mulberry leaves powder (p<0.05). In terms of antidiabetic and antihypertensive activities showed MD1~MD4 samples higher contents of ACE and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase compared to control (p<0.05). Our findings suggest that addition of mulberry leaves powder to Dangmyon may improve the effects of anti-oxidation, anti-DM, and anti-hypertension and provide health benefits of consumers.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 1994

Incidence of radish disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani ranged from 1 to 30% in fields located at Hwaseong, Naju and Yeoncheon in Korea during the growing seasons in 1989, 1990 ad 1993. A total of 133 isolates of R. solani was obtained from the diseased seedlings, leaves and roots of radish collected. The fungus was most commonly isolated from the roots. Among 133 isolates of R. solani, 56 isolates were classified as anastomosis group AG-1 by anastomosis test, 37 isolates as AG-2-1, and 40 isolates as AG-4. Among the isolates of AG-1, 26 isolates were grouped as cultural type IA, and the others as cultural type IB. Cultural types IA and IB of AG-1, were isolated from the leaves, AG-2-1 from the roots, and AG-4 from the seedlings, leaves and roots. Pathogenicity tests revealed that the AG-1(IA) isolates were highly virulent on leaves of radish, but avirulent on the seedlings, petioles and roots. The AG-1(IB) isolates were highly virulent on the leaves, but mildly virulent on the seedlings and avirulent or mildly virulent on the petioles and roots. The AG-2-1, isolates were mildly virulent on the leaves and seedlings and mildly or highly virulent on the petioles and roots. The AG-4 isolates were highly virulent on the seedlings and mildly or highly virulent on the leaves, petioles and roots.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.606-611
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• 2006

The chemical composition of Smilax china leaves and the quality characteristics of seolgitteok (rice cake) prepared with a water extract of these leaves were evaluated. Sucrose, glucose, maltose, and fructose were found as free sugars in the leaves, while the main fatty acids were stearic and palmitic acids. Glutamic acid and potassium were found at the highest levels among the analyzed amino acids and minerals in the leaves, respectively. On a fresh weight basis, the content of total phenolics and condensed tannin was 1.26 and 0.74%, respectively. As the amount of S. china leaf extract increased, the lightness of seolgitteok significantly decreased (p<0.001) in the rice cake, while redness and yellowness of the cake increased. Texture evaluation showed that springiness, strength, and cohesiveness were higher in rice cakes prepared with 2% S. china leaf extract compared to rice cakes made with 1% extract. At the beginning of the storage period ($20^{\circ}C$), there were no significant differences in viable aerobic cell and mold counts among rice cakes, but after four days in storage, a significant reduction in microorganisms was observed in rice cakes prepared with increasing amounts of leaf extract. On sensory evaluation, rice cakes made with 1% water extract from S. china leaves scored the highest on flavor, taste, texture, and overall acceptability.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.149-155
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• 2019

The antimicrobial activity of acetone, hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol extracts from leaves, stems, immature green fruits, and red fruits of tomato plants was examined against six phytopathogens. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the acetonic extracts from these four plant parts was lower than that of the other solvents. Among the acetonic extracts, tomato leaves had a lower MIC than the other tomato parts. The acetonic extract from tomato leaves was therefore selected as a source of antimicrobial substances. The acetonic extract from tomato leaves inhibited mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, Glomerella cingulata, and Rhizoctonia solani. Mycelial growth of R. solani treated with acetone extract from leaves showed more susceptibility than the other phytopathogens. Using 0.31 mg/ml of the acetonic extract from leaves, mycelial growth of R. solani on days 1, 2, and 3 decreased by 50.0, 52.1, and 64.0%, respectively, compared with acetone solvent treatment. The antimicrobial compounds effective against R. solani were identified as linolenic acid and caffeic acid by bioautography and GC-MS. These two compounds were used to treat six phytopathogens to confirm their antimicrobial activities. Linolenic acid inhibited mycelial growth of R. solani, while caffeic acid showed only slight antimicrobial activity. Results indicated that we propose extracts from tomato leaves which included antimicrobial compounds may provide a new lead in the pursuit of new biological sources of agrochemical candidates.