• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.83-94
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to analyse the effect of posture correction & stabilization according to horse rider's(n=10) skill levels of novice(0wk), mid-skill(12wk) & skill(24wk) in walk & trot. First, Mean posture of 3 times experiments; Anterior & posterior leaning posture of trunk showed rather unstable according to progress of the stages of TD1, TO, TD2 phase, and also shoulder & elbow angle, which effects to the distance from bit to rein, showed unstable riding posture. There was close relationship between shoulder and elbow Angle in walk and hip, knee & ankle angle in trot. Second, Posture correction & stabilization according to riding skill levels; Anterior & posterior leaning posture of trunk did not show significant difference statistically but showed approaching tendency to trunk's vertical line and showed significant difference(p<.05) according to improvement of skill levels in walk & trot horse riding. Hip angle showed significant difference according to progress of the stages of TD1, TO, TD2 phase(p<.05) and showed tendency maintaining the larger thigh flexion according to improvement of skill levels in walk & trot. Knee angle showed more stable posture by maintaining the larger flexion between thigh and shank according to improvement of skill levels in walk & trot(p<.05). Ankle angle also showed tendency maintaining the larger plantar flexion of foot according to improvement of skill levels in walk & trot. When considering the above, regular horse riding program could be useful in posture correction & stabilization according to improvement of skill levels of novice(0wk), mid-skill(12wk) & skill(24wk) in walk & trot.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.97-103
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• 2004

Most of the columns in centrally braced steel frame buildings are usually designed as the gravity columns to reduce connection cost. For a rational seismic performance evaluation of centrally braced steel frame buildings, it is important to properly incorporate in the analysis  the P-${\Delta}$ effects arising from the gravity columns. An effective scheme for the P-${\Delta}$ effects modeling due to the gravity columns was illustrated based on the concept of fictitious leaning column. Seismic performance evaluation of inverted V braced steel frames with or without P-${\Delta}$ effects modeling was conducted by following the FEMA 273 NSP (Nonlinear Static Procedure). The problem in estimating dynamic P-${\Delta}$ modification factor (C3) in FEMA 273 was discussed. The results of this study indicated that the P-${\Delta}$ effects should be included in the seismic performance evaluation of centrally braced steel frames. This study also showed that the inverted V braced frames, retrofitted by applying the tie bars to redistribute the inelastic demand over the height of the building, exhibit significantly improved seismic performance.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2016

Background: Prolonged sitting leads to low back discomfort and lumbopelvic muscle fatigue. This study examined the characteristics of body perceived discomfort and trunk muscle fatigue during 1 hour of sitting in three postures in office workers. Methods: Thirty workers sat for 1 hour in one of three sitting postures (i.e., upright, slumped, and forward leaning postures). Body discomfort was assessed using the Body Perceived Discomfort scale at the beginning and after 1 hour of sitting. Electromyographic (EMG) signals were recorded from superficial lumbar multifidus, iliocostalis lumborum pars thoracis, internal oblique (IO)/transversus abdominis (TrA), and rectus abdominis muscles during 1 hour of sitting. The median frequency (MDF) of the EMG power spectrum was calculated. Results: Regardless of the sitting posture, the Body Perceived Discomfort scores in the neck, shoulder, upper back, low back, and buttock significantly increased after 1 hour of sitting compared with baseline values ($t_{(9)}=-11.97$ to -2.69, p < 0.05). The MDF value of the EMG signal of rectus abdominis, iliocostalis lumborum pars thoracis, and multifidus muscles was unchanged over time in all three sitting postures. Only the right and left IO/TrA in the slumped sitting posture was significantly associated with decreased MDF over time (p = 0.019 to 0.041). Conclusion: Prolonged sitting led to increased body discomfort in the neck, shoulder, upper back, low back, and buttock. No sign of trunk muscle fatigue was detected over 1 hour of sitting in the upright and forward leaning postures. Prolonged slumped sitting may relate to IO/TrA muscle fatigue, which may compromise the stability of the spine, making it susceptible to injury.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.23
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• pp.351-382
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• 2011

This paper aims to compare systems and questions between Chinese I in the Korea National Scholastic Aptitude Test(abbreviated by KNSAT) and Chinese with Listening in the SAT. In the beginning, we compared KNSAT and SAT, and then focused our attention on Chinese I in KNSAT and Chinese with Listening in SAT in terms of assessment purposes, sections, ranges, questions. Through the research, the following results were obtained: Firstly, compared KNSAT with SAT, it is found that Chinese I is less important in KNSAT than Chinese with Listening in SAT. Chinese I belongs to one of the second foreign languages section, and it is placed under common rule of its section. However, Chinese with Listening is similar to Chinese I in that it also belongs to one of the languages section, but it keeps under its control, so it has its own system e.g. purpose, range etc.. Next, compared Chinese I with Chinese with Listening, in the matter of purposes of them, Chinese I is less explicit and less concrete to explain it than Chinese with Listening, and in respect of sections of them, the sections of Chinese I are leaning more toward language materials contrary to Chinese with Listening leaning more toward language functions. And in terms of ranges of them, Chinese I is limited to Basic vocabulary and Examples of communicative function in curriculum of Chinese I, but Chinese with Listening has not any limit on the ranges of questions. Lastly, with regard to questions of them, Chinese I has more tendency toward assessing knowledge of Chinese, on the contrary, Chinese with Listening has more tendency toward assessing performance of it.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.137-144
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for the development of a prototype of a garment that allows middle aged men to look idealized by examining the type of perception of middle aged men based on their subjective evaluation and their characteristics. This study used the Q methodology, which is a subjective research method that finds correlations among middle aged men across subjective attributes. The types of perception of body shape of middle aged men were analyzed as three types: leaning forward shape with bird legs, developed upper body shape with thick legs, protruding abdomen obesity body shape. The leaning forward shape with bird legs was recognized as the lowest in the BMI index, and the shoulder and chest were sagging, legs were thinner than the body and leaned forward. And that the hip were protruding and had a flat rectangular shape. Developed upper body shape with thick legs was the second overweight type of BMI index. It was recognized that the ankle and calf thighs were thick and the upper abdomen protruded upper body development body. Protruding abdomen obesity body shape was the most obese type with BMI index. In this type, the height was the smallest, and the upper abdomen came out and the abdomen protruded, and the abdomen was more exuded than the chest, and the neck was thick and the hips were recognized as the big body. The middle aged men's recognitive body shape was classified as a similar to actual body shape. However, in the recognition type, the frontal and side body types were mixed and classified. It is necessary to study the ergonomic pattern considering the features of each body type. This suggests that psychological effects can be obtained that allow the body shape that changes with age to be accepted more positively.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.814-825
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• 2021

This study is the result of the operation of Project-Based Leaning (PBL) conducted at S Women's University's Teaching and Learning Center. This study investigated the learning outcomes and learning satisfaction of participating learners. The questionnaire for this study consisted of a total of 28 questions on learning strategies (peer learning strategies, critical review strategies, elaboration strategies, super cognitive, and online project activities) and learning satisfaction. For the survey, 300 students (first semester: 210 students, second semester: 90 students) participated in the 2020 project-based learning. As for the pre and post questionnaire results, the average of the post questionnaires of the first and second semesters was higher than pre-questionnaires result. After taking project-based learning in the first and second semesters, the average of learning strategy and learning satisfaction improved. It was confirmed that the project activities are helpful in learning activities and increase participation in class. Based on this, it implies that in-depth PBL research in a non-face-to-face learning environment should be continued.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.269-274
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• 2022

With the advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution modern society demands global convergence talent with expertise. The purpose of this study is to suggest the Person-organizational Fit can be enhanced only when university institutions enhance the learning flow and learning interest of Chinese students. Only when the suitability of Chinese students and Univ. is good will it be of great help to the educational performance and administrative management of international students, and the learning atmosphere and university image can be promoted. However, international students with excessive self-efficacy may have a negative effect on Person-organizational Fit to making it difficult to educate and manage students. On the other hand, for international students with low self-efficacy, the higher the immersion in learning, the higher the individual-organization (Univ) suitability.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.341-347
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• 2013

Instructor willingness to accept and literacy is an e-leaning important variable to expect a positive effect of the introduction of e-learning from the perspective of university. The role of faculty is not only instructor but also content experts, curriculum designers, graphics professionals, media director or programmer. This study suggest as the role of instructor as pedagogical, managerial, social and technical aspect for effective learning outcomes.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.1555-1560
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• 2004

We made a simplified eddy-current-tester, and observed some materials for the ingredients and mass and locations. The tester detects the current as frequency shifts of a LC-resonance circuit, which are caused by the eddy currents. Using air-wick coil and a multi-piled ceramic capacitor, we made a resonance system whose frequency was 100KHz. The shift quantity is few; so, to detect it, we used a frequency counter, and counted the shift. We can detect 10Hz order's shift.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.814-819
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• 2004

Soft engineering, based on symbiotic coexistence of human, machines and environment, is a new engineering field to explore the proper technology and the proper way of engineering. To explore soft engineering intents easily, various robot projects at Pusan National University conducted are presented. Thought experiment, interactive e-leaning, rapid prototyping engineering, biomimciry, tangibility, and ubiquity are concepts to be explored. Thought experiments projects are organized and performed, which include robot assembly game, Turing test, and robotics in science fiction. "Junk robot project" and "ubiquitous Pusan National University (u-PNU) project" have been organized. Also, bug robot project, interactive robot project, and interactive emotional robot projects are introduced. Weekly science fiction films are shown and discussed.