• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2011

Anti oralmicrobial effects of Nulembo nucifera were determined against S.mutans, S.sobrinus S.sobrinus, F.nucleatum, and A.actinomycetemcomitans using paper disc method, minimum inhibitory concentrate (MICs). Extracts of lotus leaf showed the highest yield. MeOH extract is 21%, Chloroform fraction is 4.2%, ethylacetate fraction is 8.2%, water fraction is 19%. Different parts such as flower, leaf, seed and pod showed antimicrobial effects against S.mutans, with flower and seed extracts showing strong antimicrobial effect aganinst S.sobrinus KCCM11897. Leaf extract(1000pm concentration) showed over 50% inhibitory effect against S.mutans and S.sobrinus KCCM11897. Flower extract showed over 40% inhibitory effect against F.nucleatum and A.actinomycetemcomitans. MICs of flower extract against S.sobrinus KCCM11897,11898 and leaf extract against S.mutans, S.sobrinus KCCM11897 were $625\;{\mu}g/ml$, indicating Nulembo nucifera extract can exert antimicrobial activity even at low concentration. All extractes with heat at $120^{\circ}C$ had antimicrobial activity, which means that is a very stable substances. F.nucleatum and A.actinomycetemcomitans was stable against acid it had a trend that the more akali side was the lower acitivity.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.264-269
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• 2006

Basic rheological data of dandelion leaf concentrates were determined to predict processing aptitude and usefulness of dandelion leaf concentrates as functional food materials. Hot water and 70% ethanol extracts of dandelion leaves were concentrated at 5, 20, and 50 Brix, and their static and dynamic viscosities, and Arrhenius plots were investigated. Most concentrated dandelion leaves extracted with hot water and 70% ethanol showed flow behaviors close to Newtonian fluid based on power law model evaluation. Apparent viscosity of concentrated dandelion leaves extracted with hot water and 70% ethanol decreased with increasing temperature. Yield stresses of concentrated dandelion leaves extracted with hot water and 70% ethanol by Herschel-Bulkley model application were 0.020-0.641 and 0.017-0.079 Pa, respectively. Activation energies of concentrated dandelion leaves extracted with hot water and 70% ethanol were $2.102-32.669{\times}10^3$ and $1.657-5.382{\times}10^3\;J/mol{\cdot}kg$ with increasing concentration, respectively. Loss modulus (G") predominated over storage modulus (G') at all applied frequencies, showing typical flow behavior of low molecular solution. G' and G" of concentrated dandelion leaves extracted with hot water slowly increased with increasing frequency compared to those of concentrated dandelion leaves extracted with 70% ethanol.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.87-87
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• 2017

Flowering time of either early or late is one of the crucial parameters that determine the crop productivity. Therefore, elucidation of regulatory mechanisms of flowering time should contribute to breeding for yield enhancement. However, comprehensive explanation on molecular mechanism of flowering has not yet been reported in hexaploidy common wheat (Triticum asetivum L.). The mechanism of flowering in wheat has been studied mostly using flag leaf or floral meristem. The exposed peduncle, which is a shoot part between bottom of the spike and flag leaf, could be an important tissue that is responsible for flowering through various molecules expressing. To clarify for transcriptomic dynamics in the wheat peduncle that was uncovered by leaf sheath of flag leaf, RNA sequencing and transcriptomic analysis were conducted. With this, we also analyzed other transcriptomic results deposited in the public DB to identify genes specially expressed in peduncle tissue at transition from vegetative to reproductive phase. The obtained results will provide valuable information to understand the role of peduncle for flowing regulation in wheat aimming for elucidation of the regulatory mechanism of wheat flowering.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.63-70
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• 2003

In this experiment, the curd was made from soybean and cow's milk in the ratio of 7 to 3, and coagulated with Glucono-delta-lacton(GDL) and $CaSO_4&.$2H_{2}O& in the 1:1 ratio. During the procedure, the mulberry leaf powder was added. The amount of the added powder varied from 0.1 % to 0.5 %. This experiment aimed to show the change of yield, general components, minerals, amino acid, changes of pH, sensory properties of these products. As mulberry leaf powder addition increased, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash content, minerals and amino acids increased. Whereas moisture content decreased, and in particular,$Ca^{++}$, $K^+$ and $Na^+$ increased. On the other hand, in the sensory properties, the levels of satisfaction about the color, appearance, flavor, texture and savory were lower in mulberry leaf powder added than under control.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.93-103
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• 2018

Leaf blotch of wheat caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana is a major constraint to wheat production, causing significant yield reduction resulting in severe economic impact. The present study characterizes to determine and compare pathogenic variability exist/not based on components of leaf blotch disease development and level of aggressiveness due to agroclimatic condition of B. sorokiniana in wheat. A total of 169 virulent isolates of B. sorokiniana isolated from spot blotch infected leaf from different wheat growing agroclimate of Bangladesh. Pathogenic variability was investigated on a susceptible wheat variety 'kanchan' now in Bangladesh. A clear evidence of positive relationship among the components was recorded. From hierarchical cluster analysis five groups were originating among the isolates. It resolved that a large amount of pathogenic diversity exists in Bipolaris sorokiniana. Variation in aggressiveness was found among the isolates from different wheat growing areas. Most virulent isolates BS 24 and BS 33 belonging to High Ganges River Flood Plain agro-climatic zones considered by rice-wheat cropping pattern, hot and humid weather, high land and low organic matter content in soil. Positive relationship was found between pathogenic variability and aggressiveness with agro-climatic condition.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.326-332
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• 2000

In order to investigate the possibility of functional property improvement of meat products, four kinds of pork patties were prepared with water 10% as control, mugwort extract 10%, pine needle extract 10% and fatsia leaf extract 10%, respectively. In case of control moisture content was higher, but crude fat was lower, compared to patties treated with plant extracts. Crude ash content of pine needle extract treatment showed higher level than that of other patties. pH range of patties revealed to 5.92∼5.978. In raw patties Hunter's L-and a-value of control were higher than those of plant extract treatment, and a-value of raw patties showed higher level than that of cooked. Yield, water holding capacity, salt soluble protein extractability and gel strength among patties did not show significant differences. In control patty, fat retention was lower compared to other plant extract treatments, but water soluble protein extractability was higher compared to pine needle. Values such as hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness were not significantly different among the patties. In sensory scores such as aroma, juiciness and palatability, significant differences were not observed among cooked patties, but texture score was higher in the order pine needle, mugwort, fatsia leaf and control.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.135-140
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• 1989

This experiment was to study the relationship between shoot and root system in perennial ryegrass at different stages of growth. The results are summarized as follows; 1. The dry weight of shoot was significantly correlated with the dry weight of root at both stages of growth. 2. The yield components of shoot and root systems were changed by the stages of growth. Thus, the dry weights of shoot and root were positive correlated with the number of tillers and roots at 60 days after sowing. But, the dry weights of shoot and root were positive correlated with the dry weight of root, the dry weight of tiller, length of plant and length of root at 90 days after sowing. 3. Maprirna variety was obtained a higher dry weights of shoot and root at 60 days after sowing, but, Alta variety was obtained at 90 days after sowing, respectively. 4. The dry weight of shoot was positive correlated with leaf area at both stages of growth. 5. The dry weight of shoot was significantly negative correlated with specific leaf weight at 60 days after sowing, but positive correlated with specific leaf weight at 90 days afikr sowing. 6. The dry weight of root was smcantly positive correlated with leaf area at 60 days after sowing, but not recognized at 90 days after sowing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 1994

To investigate the factors of the improvement of cultivation methods according to the plant type, three Burley tobacco cultivars were done. Experiments on the variability of plant type and factors representing the productivity and quality of the cultivar were subsequently carried out in relation to different fertilizer levels. Results are summarized as below. Use of more fertilizer resulted in higher plant height and longer leaf length but smaller mean leaf inclination(MLI). The horizontal leaf area distribution became greater in parts distal to the stem and the vertical leaf area distribution became greater in lower half than in upper half as the amount of fertilizer applied was increased. Br. 49 was the largest but Br. 21 and NTN 77 were similar with respect to both CGR and NAR. The yield was greater in larger MLI cultivars. These three characteristics became greater when the tobacco were heavier in the cultivars of larger MLI and increased with higher amount of fertilizer. Harvest index became greater as the amount of fertilizer decreased but not significantly differ among the cultivars. Total nitrogen content and nitrate - form nitrogen content were greater, more amount of fertilizer, and larger MLI cultivar plots. Total nitrogen content was higher in upper leaves. The filling power of tobacco leaves decreased but combustibility of leaves showed not significant trend as fertilizer application level increased.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.34-42
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• 1994

Experiments on the variability of plant type and factors representing the productivity and quality of the cultivars were subsequently carried out in relation to different plant density. Results are summarized as below. The higher was the plant density, the greater was the plant height and mean leaf inclination(MLI). As the plant density increased, the horizontal leaf area distribution became greater in proximal to the stem in NTN 77 and Br.49 but evenly in distal part in Br.21. Meanwhile, in terms of vertical leaf area distribution, it was decreased much more in middle and lower leaves than in upper in NTN 77 and Br.49 although it steadily decreased in any part of the plant in Br.21. Br.49 was the largest but Br.21 and NTN 77 were similar with respect to both CGR and NAR. The yield was greater in larger MLI cultivars(NTN 77>Br.49>Br.21). These three characteristics became greater when the tobacco were planted more densely in the field. Dry leaf weight and dry matter weight per plant were heavier in the larger MLI and increased with lower plant density. Total nitrogen content was greater in lower plant density and larger MLI cultivar. The plant density increases filling power seems to be enhanced regardless to the plant type. There was no discernible tendency on combustibility according to the plant density or plant type.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.179-182
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• 1990

This experiment was carried out to determine the proper application time of nitrogen (N) and potassium ($K_2O$) as a additional fertilizer in corn cultivation at Taekwalyong alpine area.Two varieties of silage corn (cv. Suwon 19 and Kangwon local var.) were grown under different top dressing time (4-leaf, 7 leaf and 10-leaf stage) in 1989.Kangwon local variety produced more leaf area and higher dry matter yield than Suwon 19. However,there was no describle differences among application time of N and $K_2O$ fertilizer in both Suwon 19 and Kangwon local variety.