• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.93-106
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• 2003

Soilborne diseases pose a serious problem for mulberry cultivation during nursery plantation and established gardens, which cause severe loss in revenue generation of mulberry growers as compared to foliar diseases. Various soilborne diseases affect mulberry. Among them, root knot and root rot affect the established plantation resulting in severe loss in leaf yield apart from deterioration in leaf quality, which is a pre-requisite in successful sericulture to get the good quality of cocoons. Besides, stem-canker, cutting rot, collar rot and die-back, affect the initial establishment and survivability of mulberry plantation in nursery. The problem is difficult to handle, due to the complex nature of the diseases and also involvement of various biotic and abiotic factors. This is compounded by the occurrence of disease complex (especially nematode ＋ soilborne pathogenic microbes) in established mulberry gardens, which facilitates quick spread of the disease and enhance the plant mortality, resulting substantial loss in leaf yield. Therefore, prevention and timely control measures need to be taken up to protect the mulberry plants from different soilborne plant pathogens. In this review article, symptomatology, epidemiology, disease cycle and control measures of soilborne diseases of mulberry are discussed.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.388-391
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• 2003

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), TMV-common strain, causes severe damage at growth, yield and leaf quality on flue-cured tobacco in Korea. Controlling TMV outbreak with cultivating practices and chemicals are limited, thus, the best way would be developing TMV resistant variety. A new flue-cured hybrid, KF118, was developed from a cross of maternal parent MSTC175 and TC853 at the Agro-tech. Research Group, KT＆G Central Research Institute. KF118 exhibited more vigorous growth characteristics in early stage than that of NC82, standard variety in Korea, while other characters were favorable to those of NC82, It is highly resistant to TMV and bacterial wilt(Ral-stonia solanacerum), and black shank(phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae) is comparable to that of NC82. It should adapt well to the flue-cured production area, and can reduce premature flowering under unfavorable weather conditions. Yield of KF118 is 1 to 2% higher, and leaf quality is 4% higher than NC82. Fl hybrid, KF118, met acceptable standards for chemical and physical characteristics of cured leaf, and ranked high in good smoking taste by panel members in KT＆G.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.173-178
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• 1986

Principal component analysis was used for ana1zing growth data to know the relationship between growth characteristics and yield as well as its components. The first principal component accounted for average time of the specific leaf area sampled, leaf area index, and dry weight, and the second component for the position of the changing point of growth characteristics. The component scores were more affected by the nitrogen level than variety. Yield were affected by fertility ratio and number of spikelets per hill which have close relation with the component score of leaf area index and dry weight per hill.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.9-23
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• 2023

Plants are able to produce a large number of diverse bioactive compounds. Solvent extraction is used for isolation of plant metabolites. The extract yield for plant metabolite extraction strongly depends on the nature of solvent. A review showed the methanol can yield more bioactive compounds. Drying of the sample material is also important for the extraction of plant material. The present study was carried out to analyze the phytocomponents of 5 different latex producing plants. The plants like Calotropis gigantea, Carica papaya, Nerium oleander, Ficus benghalensis and Plumeria alba leaves and latex. The GC-MS analysis of the metabolites revealed phytocomponents. Calotropis gigantea leaves showed 14 compounds and latex produced 5 compounds out of this 4,4,6A,6B,8A,11,11,14B-Octamethyl-1,4,4A,5,6,6A,6B,7,8,8A,9,10,11,12,12A,14,14A,14B-Octadeca-hydro-2 and 2R- Acetoxymethyl-1,3,3-trimethyl-4T-(3-Methyl-2-Buten-1-Yl)-1T-Cyclohexanol compound was present in both latex and leaf extraction. Beta. -carotene compound was present in both latex and leaf of Carica papaya. It was observed that Ficus benghalensis contained 2R-Acetoxymethyl-1,3,3-trimethyl-4T-(3-Methyl-2-Buten-1-Yl)-1T-Cyclohexanol was same in latex and leaf extraction.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 1992

The purpose of the experiment was to determine the effect of plant density and pattern on growth characteristics, total dry matter yield. protein yield and palatability of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (Sordan 79). The main treatment was three levels of plant density (Skg, 15kg. 30kg/ha) and the sub treatment was two plant patterns of square and rectangular planting.The experiment was arranged as a split plot design and conducted on the Experimental Livestock Farm of Kon-Kuk Univ. in Chungju, 1989. The results obtained are summarized as follows :1. As the plant density was increased, plant length, leaf length, leaf width(P<0.05) and leaf number were gradually decreased, but in the same plant density, plant length, leaf length, leaf width and leaf number were generally increased in the rectangular plot. 2. In the first cutting time, the ratio of leaf was the highest at the rectangular plot of high density (30kg/ha, 25cm$\times$4cm), but in the second cutting time, the ratio of leaf was the highest at the square plot of medium density (15kg/ha, 14cm$\times$ 14cm). 3. The ratio of dead stubble after cutting was generally increased by increasing the plant density. Also, in the same planting density, the ratio of dead stubble was generally increased in the square plot. 4. The tiller number per plant tended to decreased by increasing thc plant density, and the tiller number was increased in the rectangular plot. In the same plant density. 5. Total fresh and dry matter yield were the highest at the rectangular plot of medium density (IS kg/ha, 33cm$\times$6cm) wholly, but the low density was shown the lowest.6. The crude protein content was increased by increasing the plant density per unit area(P<0.05) and the protein yield was also increased by increasing the planting density. 7. According to the increase of plant density, the stem was thinned, but NDF, ADF did not show different. The palatability was in the order of high (30kg/ha))medium (15kg/ha))low density(5kgiha) at the first cutting time, but it was in the order of high)low)medium density at the second cutting time.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.19.2-19.2
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• 1992

The purpose of the experiment was to determine the effect of plant density and pattern on growthcharacteristics, total dry matter yield. protein yield and palatability of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid(Sordan 79). The main treatment was three levels of plant density (Skg, 15kg. 30kg/ha) and the subtreatment was two plant patterns of square and rectangular planting.The experiment was arranged as a split plot design and conducted on the Experimental Livestock Farm of Kon-Kuk Univ. in Chungju, 1989.The results obtained are summarized as follows :1. As the plant density was increased, plant length, leaf length, leaf width(P<0.05) and leaf number were gradually decreased, but in the same plant density, plant length, leaf length, leaf width and leaf number were generally increased in the rectangular plot.2. In the first cutting time, the ratio of leaf was the highest at the rectangular plot of high density(30kg/ha, 25cm$\times$4cm), but in the second cutting time, the ratio of leaf was the highest at the square plot of medium density (15kg/ha, 14cm$\times$ 14cm). 3. The ratio of dead stubble after cutting was generally increased by increasing the plant density. Also, in the same planting density, the ratio of dead stubble was generally increased in the square plot. 4. The tiller number per plant tended to decreased by increasing thc plant density, and the tiller number was increased in the rectangular plot. In the same plant density. 5. Total fresh and dry matter yield were the highest at the rectangular plot of medium density (ISkg/ha, 33cm$\times$6cm) wholly, but the low density was shown the lowest.6. The crude protein content was increased by increasing the plant density per unit area(P<0.05) and the protein yield was also increased by increasing the planting density. 7. According to the increase of plant density, the stem was thinned, but NDF, ADF did not show different. The palatability was in the order of high (30kg/ha))medium (15kg/ha))low density(5kgiha)at the first cutting time, but it was in the order of high)low)medium density at the second cutting time.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.683-688
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• 2019

This study was conducted to determine the number of days required to break a plant's dormancy and promote subsequent crop growth in new varieties of Gomchwi through the 4℃ treatment. Three new varieties of Gomchwi namely, 'Sammany', 'Gommany', and 'Damogy' were observed in this study. The rate of leaf emergence of 'Sammany' after 15-day of 4℃ treatment was 100%, while 'Gommany', and 'Damogy' took 20-days and 10-days, respectively to reach to 97.9% rate of leaf emergence. After 10-days of 4℃ treatment, 'Damogy' grew faster than the other varieties. and Harvest time for 'Damogy' was on January 18^th, after 5-days of 4℃ treatment and yield was observed to be the highest at 15-days of 4℃ treatment. 'Sammany' was next with a minimum of 10-days of 4℃ treatment, although 15-days is more preferred for better harvest. 'Gommany' on the other hand, did not grow enough for harvest by January 18^th, and its harvest time was delayed to January 31^st. It needed a minimum of 15-days and preferentially 20-days of 4℃ treatment to grow normally and be ready for harvest. The plant height, leaf length and leaf petiole length appeared to grow better by extending duration of the 4℃ treatment. The number of leaves of 'Sammany' and 'Gommany' varieties was three leaves for the 5-days treatment which may be due to the incomplete breaking of dormancy. Regarding the yield per plant, 'Sammany' yielded 112.3 grams (g) in 15-days treatment, and 'Gommany' yielded 106.5 g in 25-days treatment. In the case of 'Damogy', it yielded 123.5 g and 183 g in the 10-days and 25-days treatment respectively. It is concluded that 'Damogy', 'Sammany' and 'Gommany requires 10, 15, and 20 days of 4℃ treatment to break the plant's dormancy and promote better plant growth.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.71-76
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• 1976

Field experiments were conducted to study the effect of amendments such as lime and organic matter for mulberry trees on the newly reclaimed sandy loam soil for three years. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Compared to the N.P.K check plot with treatments, leaf yield was increased by 20 to 80%. Leaf yield was higher in the order of NPK+magnesia lime < NPK+compost > NK+fused phosphate NPK+green manure > NPK+barley straw> NPKplot. 2. Mulberry leaf yield showed high significant positive correlation with total weight and volume of root, length and number of wattles and the content of CaO or MgO in leaf respectively. 3. It is known that dead part sympom of top branch during cold season is associated with unbalance magnesium to potassium in mulberry leaf. It is estimated that such symptom was deminished when the ratio of $K_2O/MgO$ in leaf becomes 6.0 or higher. 4. In establishing a mulberry field on hilly reclaimed soil, application of magnesium and calcium with compost was essential but higher amount of potassium fertilizer should be followed in order to prevent dead part symptom of top branch of mulberry trees.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.65-73
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• 1994

Earthworm cast was investigated in this study in order to domestically develop inexpensive and safe plug nursery soil. 20,30,40 and 50% of earthworm cast were added to the nursery soil as vegetable plant growth media, in which peatmoss and vermiculite constituted the rest of the soil. The effects of earthworm cast on the growth of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seedling were obtained as follows. 1. According to the growth stages, significant differences(p=0.001) were recorded in number of leaves, leaf area and biological dry matter yield per plant(shoor or root dry matter yield per plant). In view of mixing ratios in the nursery soil, number of leaves, leaf area and stem weight per plant showed differences significantly at 1% level and leaf weight, root weight and biological dry weight per plant at 5% level, respectively. 2. The nursery soil with earthworm cast showed increased number of leaves and leaf area per plant compared to the commercial nursery soil particularly in the later stage of this study than in the earlier stage 3. Through the total period of seedling growth, leaf weight, stem weight and root weight per plant in the nursery soil with earthworm cast were genrally higher than those in the control and this trend was apparant in the treatment of more than 40% of mixing ratio with earthworm cast. 4. Although leaf weight per plant was higher than stem weight per plant till the 3rd week, from the 4th week stem weight per plant was getting higher. In the later stage of seedling growth, the stem weight was higher in the earthworm cast mixed treatment than that in the control. 5. There was no significant difference on biological dry matter yield in the earlier stage of this study, however in the later stage, it was higher in the earthworm cast mixed treatment than that in the control.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.294-297
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• 1998

The objective of this study was to establish the stable cultivating method of adlay in paddy fields. The effect of soil moisture on the early of the transplanted adlay seeding was evaluated in 1996. the suitable transplanting period and the relationship between water management and leaf blight disease were tested in 1997. The critical transplanting date was June 30. rooting of transplanted adlay plants was retarded when soil moisture was saturated. However, sufficient soil moisture since one month after transplanting was required for the control of leaf blight disease and high yield of adlay.