• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.127-136
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• 2001

A field trial was initiated to examine the range of inter- and intraspecific variations in morphological and phenological traits with five different accessions of smooth and large crabgrass. In addition, a controlled environment study was conducted to determine the phenotypic plasticity among the accessions of both species in response to 4 daily tempera-ture differentials. In the field experiment, significant inter- and intraspecific variations of smooth and large crabgrass were observed in morphological traits such as leaf length and width. However, most phenological traits were not substantially different between the species and among the accessions of each species. The first seedling emerged at the same time, requiring 9~ 10 days, regardless of the accessions and species. In a controlled environment study, all accessions of each species responded similarly to the 4 temperature differentials in seedling emergence, indicating seedling emergence was not a plastic trait. These results suggest that predicting crabgrass seedling emergence could be independent of geographical regions in the US.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.61-66
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• 2015

In this study, manufacture of kitchen garden soil and its application on the growth of Lettuce has been performed. The optimal ratio of various raw materials for pH, total nitrogen, phosphate, cations, and salt content was found to be 49 : 35 : 10 : 5 : 1(w/w) in peatmoss, livestock manure, cocopeat, zeolite, and microbial fertilizer, respectively. In the growth experiment using Lettuce, the manufactured soil obtained 21% & 20% increase in leaf length and width, 17% increase in chlorophyll, and 22% in biomass, compared to the control.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.541-549
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• 2010

The present study researched morphological characteristics and analyzed the genetic diversity by using RAPD in Calanthe species, native plant in Jeju, Korea. Twenty-six samples were selected by flower color, and 19 horticultural traits were investigated to study morphological characteristics. The C. discolor had the smallest leaf, the length and width of dorsal sepal, lateral sepal, petal, central lip, lateral lip, and flower stalk length were shortest and/or smallest except the spur and ovary length in Calanthe species, but those of Calanthe discolor for. sieboldii (Dence.) Ohwi (Calanthe discolor for. sieboldii) were the largest and/or biggest, and those of variants were the intermediate between C. discolor and C. discolor for. sieboldii, but spur length was the longest in C. discolor, the shortest in C. discolor for. sieboldii, and intermediate in the variants. Ovary length in C. discolor was shortest and C. discolor for. sieboldii and variants were similar with each other. The flower colors of C. discolor were brownish red, the value of CIE Lab was between 40 and 50. The flower color of C. discolor for. sieboldii was yellowish; the value of CIE Lab was between 110 and 130. And variants had various colors between 50 and 70 in the value of CIE Lab. After analyzing multiple band patterns of PCR products, 154 bands were selected as polymorphic RAPD markers. The analysis of Genetic distance of Calanthe species using RAPD showed that C. discolor and C. discolor for. sieboldii are more distant from each other than variants, and demonstrated the fact that genetic position of variants is between the other two species.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.132-132
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to enhance the Tartary buckwheat growth and phenolic profile by the application of $SiO_2$ on potsin the glasshouse. The liquid of $SiO_2$ were applied at three times after three weeks of sowing at ten days interval. The doses of the $SiO_2$ was low (2.5 ml/5 L water), high (10 ml in 5 L water) and control experiment was done without $SiO_2$. In this study, it is clearly shown that high dose of $SiO_2$ increased the buckwheat plant growth including, plant height, leaf length and width, stem diameter, fresh weight and number of seed per plant compared to control treatment. In the same way, the total phenolic compound (1421 mg/100 g), total flavonoid (35.1 mg/100g), rutin (3,130 mg/100g) and DPPH (82%) in plant were also increased high dose of $SiO_2$ compared to control (1,175 mg/100g, 31.9mg/100g, 860 mg/100g, 59%, respectively). Moreover, higher phenolic compound (1,421 mg/100g) and DPPH (82%) was observed in plant compared to seed (196 mg/100mg, 72 %, respectively). In the contrary, total flavonoid (36.2 mg/100g) and rutin (1,400 mg/100g) was higher in buckwheat seed compared to plant (35.1 mg/100g, 3,130 mg/100g, respectively). Finally, it is concluded that higher dose of $SiO_2$ enhance buckwheat growth and phenolic profile. Further investigation is needed to evaluate the optimum dose of $SiO_2$ according to soil conditions in the field.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.62-69
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• 1998

There was no significant difference in length and width of leaf and number of leaves per plant between tissue-cultured plants and conventionally propagated ones but chlorophyll content increased in tissue-cultured ones. Percent of sprouting from planted root segments significantly increased in tissue-cultured plants, resulting in yield increase of more than 200% per 10a. Root thickness of tissue-cultured plants at the time of planting influenced percent of sprouting and yield. Plants with root diameter ranging from 3 to 6mm gave good yield. When virus infection was monitored with N. tabacum and C. amaranticolor as indicator plants, 100% infection occurred in vegetatively propagated plants and introduced plants from China. whereas plants obtained from apical meristem showed 0% and 40% to 45% infection in vitro plantlets and 1 year old plants in vivo, respectively. Tobamovirus and unidentified virus particles were detected in electron microscopy.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.184-189
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• 2012

This study was carried out to have the basic and applied informations relating to increase the productivity and quality of ginseng. 2 years-old ginseng was cultivated under hydroponic culture with the controlled environment conditions in a greenhouse. Major growth characters and yields were investigated with two different temperatures and several growth stages. The plant height and stem diameter were higher at low temperature than those at high temperature. They were not clearly different with six different growth stages. The root length was not clearly different between two temperatures; however it was continuously grown from June until August. The root diameter was higher at low temperature than that at high temperature. It was rapidly increased from June until August. The length, width, and area of leaf were higher at low temperature than those at high temperature. The fresh and dry weights of different plant tissues were also heavier at low temperature than those at high temperature. The moisture content of ginseng root was continuously decreased from June until August. The yield of ginseng was higher at low temperature compared to that at high temperature. The cultivating conditions in hydroponic culture of ginseng, especially temperature, would be an important factor to have better growth and production.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.601-608
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• 2017

The effects of elevated atmospheric $CO_2$ on growth and photosynthesis of soybean (Glycine max Merr.) were investigated to predict its productivity under elevated $CO_2$ levels in the future. Soybean grown for 6 weeks showed significant increase in vegetative growth, based on plant height, leaf characteristics (area, length, and width), and the SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter value (SPAD value) under elevated $CO_2$ conditions ($800{\mu}mol/mol$) compared to ambient $CO_2$ conditions ($400{\mu}mol/mol$). Under elevated $CO_2$ conditions, the photosynthetic rate (A) increased although photosystem II (PS II) photochemical activity ($F_v/F_m$) decreased. The maximum photosynthetic rate ($A_{max}$) was higher under elevated $CO_2$ conditions than under ambient $CO_2$ conditions, whereas the maximum electron transport rate ($J_{max}$) was lower under elevated $CO_2$ conditions compared to ambient $CO_2$ conditions. The optimal temperature for photosynthesis shifted significantly by approximately $3^{\circ}C$ under the elevated $CO_2$ conditions. With the increase in temperature, the photosynthetic rate increased below the optimal temperature (approximately $30^{\circ}C$) and decreased above the optimal temperature, whereas the dark respiration rate ($R_d$) increased continuously regardless of the optimal temperature. The difference in photosynthetic rate between ambient and elevated $CO_2$ conditions was greatest near the optimal temperature. These results indicate that future increases in $CO_2$ will increase productivity by increasing the photosynthetic rate, although it may cause damage to the PS II reaction center as suggested by decreases in $F_v/F_m$, in soybean.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.242-252
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• 1998

The inhabitation environments and growth conditions of Machilus thunbergii community in the Pyonsanbando located at southwestern area in Korea were examined and analyzed to provide some practical data to be used to establish measures for long term succession monitoring, protection and sustainable management. The Machilus thunbergii community are located at Kyokpo-ri, Pyonsan-myon, Puan-gun(35$^{\circ}$35′24"N~35$^{\circ}$ 42′30"N, 126$^{\circ}$28′18"E~126$^{\circ}$40′40"E). Within the Pyonsanbando area the mean temperature is 12.4$^{\circ}C$, the warmth index 101.5$^{\circ}C$.month, the coldness index -12.3$^{\circ}C$ month and the annual precipitation 1,016mm. The soil within the community is silt loam or clay loam and so fertile. 30 species and 1 varieties of 21 families inhabited at the community. There were 18 grown trees and 131 saplings of Machilus thunbergii within the community. The mean basal diameter, mean height, and crown width of grown trees was measured to be 57.4cm, 7.4m and 9.0~9.8m respectively. And 9 trees were full flowering, 2 trees small flowering here and there, and 7 trees non flowering in 1998. The mean branch growth length was 8.3cm, mean leaf area 18.3$\textrm{cm}^2$, mean inflorecence length 9.3cm, mean fertilization 14.5％ and mean seed diameter 7.6mm. Further rich management measure and investigation were recommended such as sapling protection, signboard construction, soil erosion controlling and regular monitoring within the community.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.172-192
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• 1983

Light environment and growth of Panax ginseng In habitat and cultivation under natural shade were renewed. Grower's experiences on ginseng stand In relation to light environment were assessed. Change of shading method and grower's concepts on light requirement of ginseng plant in Korea, Manchuria and Japan was counted. Growth of wild ginseng was better under rich light. Optimum crown density index appeared to be 0.7 In natural habitat and 0.4 to 0.7 for the cultivation in forest. Change of light Intensity in forest was greatest in May and reached near to constant value (from 40% to 3% for broad leaf deciduous forest and loom 4% to 2% for pine forest). Insufficient light condition induced long and thin stem, poor flowering and seed bearing, and sequent dormancy. Relation between light and ginseng strand was not clear but light Interception with cool weather was effective. Topography and orientation of bed have been deeply considered for light environment. Panel or bark of won were used for shading in deep forest manly In Manchuria while reed blind and straw thatch were used in Korea. Kinds and number of shades material and seasonal or daily schedule have been simplified probably by labor pressure due to eulargement of plantation. Post height has been greater while width of roof, bed and ditch has changed lisle. Scientific survey in the past omitted important light control methods (complete light hardening etc) which has been practiced in specific areas. The concept and technique of light control in the past in Korea were delicate and intensive including the control of temperature and moisture. For the application of old concept in modem cultivation precise Investigation of the technique including the measurement of light, temperature and moisture is needed.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.32-35
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• 1963

In order to investigate the responsiveness of sun-curing tobacco varietie - CHUNGJOO YUB, HATANO and HYANGCBBO - to the Gibberellic Acid 100, 200, and 300 P.P.M. of Gillberellic Acid were sprayed in the field at the stage of just prior to stein elongation. 1. The elongation of stem and leaves were prominent at the concentration of 300 P.P.M. with 30.05~55.22% increase in the stem and 16.96~50.69% increase in the leaves. Hut their width decreased to 70.42~83.66%. 2. The number of leaves did not effected with the treatment meaningly that the elongation of stem was caused by the elongation of intermodes and not by the increase of nodes. 3.12~13.9% increase of raw leaf.es weight were resulted at the concentration of 200 P.P.M. 4. The weight of dry matter were increased by 9~12.2% at the concentration of 200 P.P.M. treatment.