• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.60-61
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• 2003

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2012

To evaluate adaptation success of $Zostera$ $caespitosa$ transplants, we transplanted the seagrass shoots at the bare area in close proximity to the donor bed using staple method in October 2005. Shoot density, morphological characteristics and leaf productivity of transplants and reference plants in the vicinity of the planting site were monitored monthly for 2 years. While shoot density of reference plants exhibited significant seasonal variations; increasing during spring and summer and decreasing during fall and winter, that of transplants increased consistently without initial loss during the whole study period. Although sheath length, leaf width and shoot height and weight of sheath, leaf and shoot of transplants were smaller than those of reference plants at the start of transplantation, increased rapidly reaching even higher values than those of reference plants 5 months after transplantation. Leaf productivity of transplants and reference plants showed seasonal variations; increasing during spring and summer and decreasing during fall and winter. But, leaf productivity of transplants increased at the beginning of transplantation during fall which is low production period. All of the $Z.$ $caespitosa$ transplants survived during the whole study period. Rapid changes in shoot morphology and growth of transplants indicated that $Z.$ $caespitosa$ transplants had great morphological plasticity and adapted successfully within 5 months.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.329-335
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• 1988

[n order to find out the effects of nitrogen fertilizer and planting density on the leaf characteristics of high yielding cultivars of rice, Dongjin (Japonica type) and Samkang (Tongil type) were .grown under two nitrogen levels (150 and 250 kg N/ha) and three planting densities (30 ${\times}$ 15 cm, 30 ${\times}$ 12 cm, 30 ${\times}$ 9 cm. Leaf blade, sheath and dry weight of individual leaf. the number of green leaves after flowering were measured. Samkang was characterized as longer and wider leaf blade and sheath than Dongjin, less sensitive to nitrogen fertilizer and planting density, and higher proportions of green leaves after flowering. These morphological characteristics of Samkang caused an increase of grain yield by 30 per cent.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.526-534
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• 1996

This study was conducted to find out the effects of crude extracts from welsh onion, onion, chinese chives and garlic on the seedling growth of chrysanthemum, lettuce, rice, radish, chinese cabbage, cucumber and oriental melon. The crude extracts from Allium spp. inhibited the growth of chrysanthemum and lettuceseedlings at low concentration, the effect increased as the concentration grew higher, and especially in lettuce, the radicle growth was inhibited greater than the hypocotyl growth.The root extracts from welsh onion, chinese chives, and stem-leaf extracts from welsh onion, chinese chives and garlic significantly promoted the root growth of rice seedlings at 300∼700ppm and at 500∼1,000ppm, respectively, and the leaf sheath was elongated at low concentration of all extracts. The stem-leaf extracts from garlic and onion promoted the root and hypocotyl growth of chinese cabbage up to 2,000ppm or 3,000ppm. Root extracts from all Allium spp. promoted the elongation of chinese cabbage root up to 300∼700ppm, but they didn't influence its hypocotyl elongation. At low concentration of onion, garlic and chinese chives extracts, the growth of radish seedlings was highly promoted. The promotive effect, however, declined as the concentration increased. Only, extracts of chinese chives promoted the growth of radish seedling up to 5,000ppm. The stem-leaf extracts from onion and garlic promoted hypocotyl growth in pepper, up to 5,000ppm, but had little effect on other treatments. All of the extracts markedly promoted both root(main and lateral root) and hypocotyl growth in cucumber seedlings. A higher degree of promotion was made in the cucumber lateral root by onion and garlic extracts. The seedling growth of oriental melon was slightly increased by low concentration, but high concentration inhibited the root and hypocotyl growth.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.275-308
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• 2007

For 20 taxa of Korean Allium, including 16 species and 5 varieties, examined were morphological characters (i.e. sexuality, structure and shape of underground part, types and growing patterns of leaf and scape, and shapes of perianth, filament and pistil). The specialization and the evolutionary trends of taxonomic characters were inferred from morphological examination. Taxonomic relationships and system of Korean Allium were also studied. The characters showing evolutionary trends were the structure and shape of underground part including rhizome and bulb, leaf, scape, inflorescens, filament and ovary. It seemed that thin and short rhizome developed from thick and long one, and the membranous simple bulb tunic evolved into fibrous reticulate one. The presence of hyaline sheath in A. monanthum of sect. Microscordum was apomorphic. Both angular leaf blade with 2-rowed vascular bundle and flat blade with 1-rowed vascular bundle were developed from terete one with 2-rowed vascular bundle. The base of filament have differentiated from entire to toothed, and 2-ovuled ovary as well as erect scape before flowering was plesiomorphic type. In addition, sexuality, structure of underground part, the presence of hyaline sheath and cross-section structure of leaf were taxonomic characters with the level of the subgenus in this genus. Shape of rhizome, bulb, leaf, scape and pedicel discriminated each section from other ones in the subgenera easily. The shape and arrangement of perianth and filaments were the diagnostic characters for species level along with shape of ovary and stigma.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.299-304
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• 2015

Interaction of the the rust fungus Puccinia miscanthi with the biofuel plant Miscanthus sinensis during the teliospore phase was investigated by light and electron microscopy. P. miscanthi telia were oval-shaped and present on both the adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces. Teliospores were brown, one-septate (two-celled), and had pedicels attached to one end. Transmission electron microscopy revealed numerous electron-translucent lipid globules in the cytoplasm of teliospores. Extensive cell wall dissolution around hyphae was not observed in the host tissues beneath the telia. Hyphae were found between mesophyll cells in the leaf tissues as well as in host cells. Intracellular hyphae, possibly haustoria, possessed electron-dense fungal cell walls encased by an electron-transparent fibrillar extrahaustorial sheath that had an electron-dense extrahaustorial membrane. The infected host cells appeared to maintain their membrane-bound structures such as nuclei and chloroplasts. These results suggest that the rust fungus maintains its biotrophic phase with most mesophyll cells of M. sinensis. Such a nutritional mode would permit the rust fungus to obtain food reserves for transient growth in the course of host alteration.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 1996

Multivariate statistical procedures were used to analyse data on the chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of four varienties of rice straw after treatment with 4% NaOH solution, 4% urea solution or distilled water (control) for 48 hours. For each treatment, stepwise discriminant analysis identified the variables which maximized differences between varieties and the eigenvectors from principal component analysis quantified the contribution of these criterion variables to varietal differences. The overall response of varieties to chemical treatment was demonstrated qualitatively, by cluster analysis, and quantitatively, from the magnitude of the principal component scores. The analysis revealed that the urea and control treatments elicited the same response whereas NaOH had the greatest effect on the poorest straw variety. Similar analyses conducted on the botanical fractions of the varieties showed that the relative response of the inflorescence, stem, leaf blade and leaf sheath fractions was not altered by chemical treatment.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.187-192
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• 1986

Activity of endogenous growth regulator in 4th year Panax ginseng root was investigated by second leaf sheath test of rice seedling and paper chromatogram of a acidic fraction of methanol extract before (March 28) and after (May 9) emergence of root bud, at the late season (Sept.4) and after leaf fall (November 11). GA$_3$ and ABA were used as reference. According to paper and high performance liquid chromatography of samples and authentic growth regulators the presence of insole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA$_3$) and abscisic acid (cis and trans ABA) was confirmed. These three regulators appeared to consist of major system though the existence of other regulators could not be ruled out. IAA activity seemed little changed through out the seasons. GA activity decreased in the later stages while ABA activity increased.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.189-195
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• 1996

In order to obtain basic information for breeding varieties of onion which is suitable at the southern part of Korea. 222 early mature variety and 219 late mature variety were grown from sep.1993 to jun. 1994 at experimental field of Muan-Gun area, and yield components and yield of onion plant ware observed. Early mature onion cv. Changnyeongchunghwan-gkeukjoseng and Keumjungjoseng showed higher yield than other early mature variety used in the experiment. It showed relatively long plant height and leaf sheath length and, height of bulb and diameter of bulb and high weight of bulb. Late mature onion cv. Chunjudaego showed higher yield than other late mature variety used in the experiment. It showed relatively long plant height and leaf sheath length and diameter of bulb, and high weight of bulb. Therefore, it was concluded that Changnyeongchunghwangkeukjoseng,Keumjungjoseng and Chunjudaego were the most suitable early and late mature varieties with high yield at the southern part of Korea.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.184-191
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• 2004

Methanol extracts of fresh materials of 57 plants were screened for in vivo antifungal activity against Magna-porthe grisea, Corticium sasaki, Botrytis cinerea, Phyto-phthora infestans, Puccinia recondita, and Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. Among them, seven plant extracts showed disease-control efficacy of more than 90％ against at least one of six plant diseases. None of the plant extracts was highly active against tomato gray mold. The methanol extracts of Chloranthus japonicus (roots) (CjR) and Paulownia coreana (stems) (PcS) displayed the highest antifungal activity; the CjR extract controlled the development of rice blast, rice sheath blight, and wheat leaf rust more than 90％, and tomato gray mold and tomato late blight more than 80％. The PcS extract displayed control values of more than 90 ％ against rice blast, wheat leaf rust, and barley powdery mildew and more than 80％ against tomato gray mold. The extract of PcS also had a curative activity against rice sheath blight and that of CjR had a little curative activity against rice blast. On the other hand, the extract of Rumex acetocella roots reduced specifically the development of barley powdery mildew. Further studies on the characterization of antifungal substances in antifungal plant extracts are underway and their disease-control efficacy should be examined under greenhouse and field conditions.