• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.429-433
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• 2008

시설과채류(오이, 착색단고추, 토마토, 가지, 참외)의 잎 절편에서 지중해이리응애, 나팔이리응애, 오이이리응애, 사막이리응애를 대상으로 담배가루이 알에 대한 포식능력과 산란능력을 비교 평가하였다. 지중해이리응애의 일평균 담배가루이 알 포식량이 $9{\sim}12$개로 가장 많았으며, 나팔이리응애, 오이이리응애, 사막이리응애가 각각 $6{\sim}9$개, $4{\sim}6$개, $1{\sim}4$개로 뒤를 이었다. 일평균 산란수도 지중해이리응애가 $1.2{\sim}1.9$개로 가장 많았으며, 다른 포식응애들은 0.5개를 넘지 않았다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.881-891
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• 2016

포식성 천적 사막이리응애의 멀구슬, 후추 정향의 추출물과 이들의 혼합물에 대한 감수성을 검정하였다. 사막이리응애 암컷성충은 실험 식물추출물들의 처리 7일 후에 76-86%의 생존율을 나타냈으며, 무처리 암컷성충에 비해 62.6-93.4%의 산란 수를 보였고, 산란된 난들의 부화에 영향이 없었다. 실험 식물추출물들의 처리는 사막이리응애 난에 대해 전혀 영향이 없어 100% 부화하였다. 또한 이들 식물추출물의 처리는 약충의 생존율에 큰 영향이 없었다. 사막이리응애의 발육태들은 실험 식물추출물들이 처리된 잎 절편에서 생존율에 큰 영향을 받지 않아, 78-90%의 개체들이 성충태에 도달하였다. 이상의 결과로 보아, 실험 식물추출물들은 식식성응애류의 종합관리 체계에서 사막이리응애와 함께 활용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.97-103
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• 2005

This study was carried out to obtain basic information for gene manipulation in potent edible tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. TI 516). N. tabacum cv. TI 516 is a plant for a possible candidate to use as an edible vaccine, since it contains a low level of nicotine. The effective plant regeneration system through leaf disc culture was achieved using a MS basal medium supplemented with 0.1 mg $1^{-1}$ NAA and 0.5 mg $1^{-1}$ BA. In order to transform the N. tabacum cv. TI 516 with the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene, Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA 4404 containing the GFP gene was used. Genomic PCR confirmed the integration of the GFP gene into nuclear genome of transgenic plants. Expression of the GFP gene was identified in callus, apical meristem and root tissue of transgenic N. tabacum cv. TI 516 plants using fluorescence microscopy. Western blot analysis revealed the expression of GFP protein in the transgenic edible tobacco plants. The amount of GFP protein detected in the transgenic tobacco plants was approximately 0.16% of the total soluble plant protein (TSP), which was determined by ELISA.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.50-56
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• 2003

A freshwater bloom-forming cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosa, and local soil isolate Scytonema sp. strain BT 23 were demonstrated to contain biotoxic secondary metabolites with pesticidal and mosquito larvicidal activities. A purified toxic constituent from M aeruginosa showed an absorption maximum at 230 nm and its toxicity symptoms, Rf value on TLC, and retention time observed ill an HPLC analysis were similar to those of the hepatotoxic heptapeptide microcystin-LR. The bioactive constituent of the Scytonema sp. was less polar in nature and exhibited two peaks at 240 and 285 m. When applied to two cruciffrous pests, Pieris brassicae and Plutella flostella, the crude extracts and toxic principles from the two cyanobacteria showed significant antifeedant activity in a no-choice bioassay, and at higher concenuations exhibited contact toxicity to the insect larvae. The purified toxin from M. aeruginosa was found to be more effective and produced 97.5 and $92.8\%$ larval mortality in the two pests, fo11owing 2 h of toxin treatment at a concentration of $25{\mu}g$ Per leaf disc (2.5 cm dia.). Meanwhile, similar treatment with the purified toxin from Sytonema sp. stain BT 23 only produced 73 and $78\%$ mortality in the two pests. The cyanobacterial constituents also showed significant activity against Culex and Anopheles larvae. The M. aeruginosa toxin ($20{\mu}g\;ml^-1$) caused 98.2 and $88.1\%$ mortality in the Culex and Anopheles larvae, respectively, while the purified toxin from the Sytonema sp. was less toxic and only produced a 96.3 and $91.2\%$ mortality, respectively, at a much higher concentration ($40{\mu}g\;ml^-1$). Accordingly, the current results point to certain hitherto unknown biological properties of cyanobacterial biotoxins.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.193-199
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• 2017

This study was aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Penicillium purpurogenum ED76 on several clinically important microorganisms. The endophytic fungus P. purpurogenum ED76 was previously isolated from Swietenia macrophylla leaf. The antimicrobial efficacy of P. purpurogenum ED76 dichloromethane extract was determined via disc diffusion and broth microdilution assay. A kill curve study was conducted and the morphology of extract treated bacterial cells were viewed under scanning electron microscope. The dichloromethane extract showed significant inhibitory activity on 4 test bacteria and 2 test yeasts. The minimal inhibitory concentration of the extract ranged from 125 to $1,000{\mu}g/ml$, which indicates the different susceptibility levels of the test microorganisms to the fungal extract. The kill curve study has revealed a concentration-dependent inhibition for all test microorganisms. With the increase of the extract concentration, the microbial growth was significantly reduced. The scanning electron micrograph of dichloromethane extract-treated Staphylococcus aureus cells showed the total damage of the cells. The cell wall invagination of the bacterial cells also indicates the loss of cellular materials and metabolic activity. The gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of the extract also showed that the major compound was stigmasterol, which constitutes 45.30% of the total area. The dichloromethane extract of P. purpurogenum ED76 exhibited significant inhibitory activity on several clinically important bacteria and yeasts. The study proposed a possible mode of action that the extract cause significant damage to the morphology of S. aureus cells.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.149-155
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• 1995

국내에서 분리 동정한 오이모자이크 바이러스(CMV)로부터 외피단백질(CP) 유전자를 분리하였고 이의 염기서열을 결정한 결과 129번째 아미노산이 proline으로서 mosaic symptom을 보이고 염기 및 아미노산 서열의 유사성을 비교한 결과 subgroup I (type I)에 속한다는 것을 확인하였다. 분리한 CP 유전자를 식물형질전환용 운반체에 삽입하여 담배 재배종인 NC82와 바이러스 증식용인 Samsun에 잎절편을 통하여 형질전환시켰다. 형질전환된 담배의 DNA를 분리하여 Southern blotting과 PCR을 수행한 결과 대부분의 형질전환체에 CP 유전자가 삽입되였음을 확인하였고 T$_1$ 종자를 kanamycin이 첨가된 배지에서 후대 항생제 저항성 검정을 실시한 결과 1개의 CP 유전자가 삽입된 경우가 50%에 달했고 2개와 3개의 유전자가 삽입된 경우도 각각 39%와 11%에 달했다.

• 분석과학
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.26-31
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• 2017

Background and purpose: This study was carried out to learn more about the potential prophylactic or antibacterial activity of the plant Acalypha indica against selective pathogenic bacteria. Experimental: The test organisms were Sarcina lutea IFO 3232, Bacillus subtilis IFO 3026, Pseudomonas denitrificans, Escherichia coli IFO 3007, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATTC 10031, Xanthomonas campestris IAM 1671, and Proteus vulgaris. Leaf, stem, and bud powder of Acalypha indica were dissolved in various solvents, and the extracts were tested for antimicrobial activity through the disc diffusion method. GC-MS profiling was performed to characterize active chemical compounds in the essential oil of Acalypha indica. Results: The ethanol extract showed the highest activity against all bacteria, while the petroleum ether extract yielded the highest zone of inhibition against Proteus vulgaris ($11.83{\pm}1.75mm$). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the ethyl acetate extract against Bacillus subtilis was 16 µg/mL. Phytochemical screening by GC-MS revealed a total of 12 bioactive compounds. Conclusion: Extracts of Acalypha indica may be useful in formulating and synthesizing new antibacterial drugs.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.61-67
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• 1984

대두갈색무늬병균의 포자발아(分生胞子發芽) 미치는 외부영양공급(外部營養供給) 및 self-inhibitor의 영향(影響)을 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. 갈색무늬병균의 포자발아율은 감자한천배지 및 대두잎조각을 첨가한 증류수에서는 양호하였으나 살균된 증류수에서는 극히 불량하였다. 2. 갈색무늬병균의 포자발아에는 탄소원의 외부공급이 절대 필요한 것으로 보였으며 인산, 가리 등은 큰 영향이 없는 것으로 보였다. 3. 탄소원으로서는 가용성 전분이 가장 효과적이었고 다음이 포도당, 유당 등이었으며 포도당의 경우 $5\times10^{-2}mol$ 농도에서 가장 높은 발아율을 보였다. 4. 포자발아율은 포자밀도가 높을수록 현저히 감소하여 포자농도 $10,000conidia/mm^2$ 이상에서는 거의 발아하지 않는 것으로 보아 self-inhibitor가 존재하는 것으로 보였다. 5. 기질(基質)을 세척한 포자의 발아율은 세척하지 않은 포자의 발아율에 비해 낮았으며 이러한 현상은 포자농도가 $2,000conidia/mm^2 $ 이상으로 증가할 때 더욱 현저하였고 건조된 한천배양기위에는 발아율 감소가 현저하였다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.148-157
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• 2020

Eucalyptus oil is a rich source of bioactive compounds with a variety of biological activities and is widely used in traditional medicine. Eucalyptus citriodora is cultivated for the production of essential oils. However, the mode of antibacterial action of essential oils from E. citriodora is not well-known. This study aimed to determine the chemical components, microbial inhibitory effect, and mechanism of action of the essential oil from E. citriodora. The oil was extracted from E. citriodora leaves by hydro-distillation and the chemical components were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The antibacterial activities of eucalyptus oil against gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus intermedius) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were screened by disc diffusion method and quantitative analysis was conducted by the microdilution method. The mechanism of action of the extracted essential oil was observed using SEM and analyzed by SDS-PAGE. The major components of E. citriodora oil were citronellal (60.55 ± 0.07%), followed by dl-isopulegol (10.57 ± 0.02%) and citronellol (9.04 ± 0.03%). The antibacterial screening indicated that E. citriodora oil exhibited prominent activity against all tested strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against B. subtilis were 0.5% and 1.0%, respectively. The MIC and MBC concentrations against S. aureus, S. intermedius, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa were 1% and 2%, respectively. As observed by SEM, the antibacterial mechanism of E. citriodora oil involved cell wall damage; SDS-PAGE revealed decrease in protein bands compared to untreated bacteria. Thus, E. citriodora oil showed significant antimicrobial properties and caused cellular damage.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.219-226
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• 2000

야생종 토마토의 자가불화합성에 관여하는 S RNase 유전자를 자가화합성인 재배종 토마토에 도입하여 형질전환 식물체를 만들었다. 재조합 Ti-plasmid pBI-S$_{11}$을 제작하여 Agrobacteria를 이용한 leaf disc transformation방법으로 재배종 토마토에 형질전환시켰으며, Southern분석을 통해 형질전환 식물체의 염색체 내에 자가불화합성 유전자가 안정된 구조로 도입되었는지 확인하였다. 형질전환 식물체의 화주 단백질을 이용하여 RNase활성 염색을 하여 화주 내 5단백질의 활성을 확인하였다. 또한 형질전환 식물체의 화주 단백질을 이용하여 western분석을 수행한 결과, 야생종 토마토 유래의 자가불화합성 유전자에 의해 5단백질을 정확하게 발현하는 식물체를 확인, 선발하였다. 선발된 형질전환 식물체의 화분, 화주, 화변, 잎, 줄기 등 5개의 조직을 western분석하여 5 RNase 유전자가 야생종 토마토에서와 유사한 형태로 화주조직에서만 높게 발현되며 형질전환된 재배종 토마토에서도 조직 특이적으로 발현한다는 것을 확인하였다. 위의 결과로 야생종 토마토에서 자가불화합성에 결정적인 영향을 미치는 S RNase를 재배종 토마토에 발현시켰을 때 자가불화합성을 나타내는 재배종 토마토의 표현형은 변화가 없다는 것과 어떠한 형태적인 변화도 없다는 사실을 확인하였다. 그리고 배우자체 자가불화합성 기작에는 화주쪽의 S RNase 이외에 화분쪽의 또 다른 기구가 있다는 것을 추측할 수 있었다.