• Title/Summary/Keyword: leaf chlorophyll contents

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Evaluation of Internal Quality of Kale Leaf by Non-Destructive Color Measurement (비파괴적 엽색분석을 통한 케일 잎의 내적품질 평가)

  • Kang Ho-Min;Kim IL Sop;Won Jae Hee
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.14 no.3
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    • pp.144-148
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    • 2005
  • Kale leaf had similar contents of vitamin C, $NO_3$, p, Ca, Mg, and Fe with reported values. Among these internal quality factors, $NO_3$ content which has been a concern recently, ranged from 139 to 429 mg in 100 g fresh kale leaf, Kale showed high vitamin C content ranging from 106 to 203 mg in 100 g fresh leaf. The relative concentration of chlorophyll and b value color had a high correlation coefficient (r) with vitamin C, $NO_3$, Mg and Fe content. The relationship between $NO_3$ content and the relative concentration of chlorophyll was given by the following linear equation: $NO_3$ content : 21.55 + (5.907 ${\times}$ the relative concentration of chlorophyll) with an r of $0.910^{{\ast}{\ast}}$. Correlation between $NO_3$ content and b value was also very dependable (r = $-0.901^{{\ast}{\ast}}$). Vitamin C content and the relative concentration of chlorophyll showed a high correlation, r = $-0.858^{{\ast}{\ast}}$. Among internal quality factors, vitamin C content increased with decreasing $NO_3$ content and their correlation coefficient was high (r = $-0.795^{{\ast}{\ast}}$). Consequently, $NO_3$ content of kale leaf could be inferred from an external nondestructive method, such as the relative concentration of chlorophyll. We may be able to produce high quality kale leaves containing high amount of vitamin C and low content of $NO_3$ using this method.

A Study of the Nutritional Composition of Aralia continentalis Kitagawa and Aralia continentalis Kitagawa Leaf (땅두릅과 땅두릅잎의 영양성분에 관한 연구)

  • Han, Gwi-Jung;Shin, Doung-Sun;Jang, Myung-Sook
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.40 no.6
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    • pp.680-685
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    • 2008
  • In this study, we assessed the functional characteristics of Aralia continentalis Kitagawa (AcK) and Aralia continentalis Kitagawa leaf (AcK-leaf), including crude saponin contents, antioxidant activity, nutritive elements, dietary fiber, and chlorophyll contents. The results of our analysis of nutritive elements in AcK, the contents of the general components, inorganic components, and vitamins were all relatively high. The contents of inorganic components were also high in the following order: K>Ca>P>Na>Mg. Among vitamins, $\beta$-carotene and vitamin C contents were all high. The crude saponin content was 63.7 mg/g in the AcK and 63.5 mg/g in the AcK leaf, and the antioxidant activity was determined to be relatively high. With regard to the dietary fiber content, the total dietary fiber content was 2.13% (soluble 0.40, insoluble 1.72) in the AcK and 5.98% (soluble 1.06, insoluble 4.89) in the AcK leaf, and the total chlorophyll content was 92.58 mg in the AcK and 147.25 mg/100 g in the AcK-leaf.

Influence of Maturity on the Plastid Pigments and Chromatic Characteristics of Paddy Tobacco (연초 수확엽의 숙도가 색채 및 색소물질 함량에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Chul-Hwan;Jin, Jeong-Eui;Han, Chul-Soo
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.5-11
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    • 1996
  • Field experiment was conducted to get the basic information about the difference in color and plastid pigments at the different stage of harvest of flue-cured tobacco cultivated in paddy field, and compared to upland ones. All tested crops were primed in lots of 3 to 4 at each priming, beginning at the bottom of the plant. Leaf pigments and chromatic values of tobacco leaves were determined in samples collected at weekly intervals, and according to analyses obtained from 4 stalk positions. By the degree of maturity, leaves harvested were separated with visual characters into four classes of immature, mature, ripe and mellow. regardless of stalk position, chlorophyll contents was higher in the order of immature > mature > ripe > mellow, respectively. In fresh leaves, chlorophyll levels was higher with ascending stalk position. chlorophyll a and b in cured leaves were less than 10% of the amount present at harvest, and it was estimated that maturity condition also influenced the rates of degradation of plastid pigments. Fully mature leaves of upland diverted from paddy field showed slightly higher in chlorophyll contents than in those of upland tobacco ones but somewhat lowered in $L^*$ and $b^*$ values, and there was no difference in $a^*$ value.

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Changes in SPAD Chlorophyll Value of Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) by Photoperiod and Light Intensity (광주기와 광도에 따른 국화 잎의 SPAD 엽록소 함량의 변화)

  • Lee, Byung-Joo;Won, Mi-Kyoung;Lee, Dong-Hee;Shin, Dong-Gi
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.555-559
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    • 2001
  • This research was conducted to estimate the chlorophyll contents of chrysanthemum leaves using SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter under different photoperiod and light intensity. Measurements were done at every third leaf intervals starting from the top of the stem to the bottom at harvest time. SPAD value was highest at 10 hours of photoperiods, followed by 13 and 16 hours of photoperiods. In particular, under short day condition, SPAD value was highest in the young leaves below the flower bud and decreased down the leaf profile. Under long day condition, SPAD value reached maximum at leaves between $15-27^{th}$ from the top and decreased to the minimum immediately below the flower bud (youngest leaf). These results may indicate that the younger leaves become strong source of supporting flowers in reproductive stage, while the younger leaves serve as sinks and older leaves support their development in vegetative stage. Changes of SPAD value at different levels of irradiance showed that highest SPAD value were observed at high irradiance and decreased with decreasing irradiance.

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Growth Response of Kentucky Bluegrass and Creeping Bentgrass by Foliar Spray with Chitosan Formulation and Seaweed Extracts during Fall Season (키토산 제형과 해조추출물의 엽면살포가 가을철 Kentucky Bluegrass와 Creeping Bentgrass의 생육 반응)

  • Chang, Tae-Hyun;Yoon, Jeong-Ho
    • Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.195-201
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    • 2011
  • The seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum) extracts and chitosan formulations were sprayed on species of creeping bentrgass (Agrostis palustris Huds) cultivar "Penn A1" and species of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) mixed cultivars (Midnight 33%, Moonlight 33%, Prosperity 33%) during fall season in sod farm. Turf color, chlorophyll contents and NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) to affect turf qualities were investigated. There were detected significantly difference on chlorophyll contents and DNVI with seaweed extracts and chitosan formulations treatments. The contents of chlorophyll and NDVI on species of Kentucky bluegrass mixed cultivars and species of creeping bentgrass cultivar "Penn A1" were significantly increased by foliar spray with chitosan formulations and seaweed extracts. There was not a significantly difference on leaf color in two species within cultivars. These results suggested that chitosan formulations and seaweed extracts may help for turfgrass managements in the golf course during fall season.

Physiological Characteristics and Leaf Growth of Hydrangea macrophylla var. acuminata Growing in Different Environmental Conditions (생육조건에 따른 산수국의 엽생장 및 생리적 특성)

  • Kim, Gab-Tae
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.70-74
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    • 2006
  • To study for proper growing conditions of Hydrangea macrophylla var. acuminata, used as ornamental trees or sources of natural sweetenings and biological active compounds, two-year-old cuttings of the plant were subjected to different conditions, light intensity, watering, and fertilizing levels. Photosynthetic rates measured on October 2 differed significantly between two light intensity regimes, but the values measured on September 3 were not significantly different. Mean photosynthetic rates on the plot watered three times a week were higher than the cuttings on the plot watered once a week. Mean photosynthetic rates on the plot fertilized 200grams/cuttings were slightly higher than those of the cuttings on the control plot. Chlorophyll contents measured on August 2 and on September 3 were significantly different between the light intensity regimes. Chlorophyll contents measured on August 2 were significantly different between the moisture regimes, but not significantly different between the fertilizing levels. Means of leaf growth(length and width) measured the highest values on the plot watered three times a week, and on the plot in full-sun lighted.

Effects of elevated CO2 concentration and increased temperature on leaf related-physiological responses of Phytolacca insularis (native species) and Phytolacca americana (invasive species)

  • Kim, Hae-Ran;You, Young-Han
    • Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • v.33 no.3
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    • pp.195-204
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    • 2010
  • In the study, the effects of elevated $CO_2$ and temperature on the photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll content, nitrogen content, carbon content, and C/N ratio of Phytolacca insularis and Phytolacca americana were examined under control (ambient $CO_2+$ ambient temperature) and treatment (elevated $CO_2+$ elevated temperature) for 2 years (2008 and 2009). The photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and water use efficiency of two plant species were higher under the treatment than the under the control. The stomatal conductance of P. insularis was higher under the control, but that of P. americana was not significantly affected by $CO_2$ and temperature under the treatment. The chlorophyll contents of two species were decreased about 72.5% and 20%, respectively, by elevated $CO_2$ and temperature. The nitrogen contents of two species were not significantly altered by increase in $CO_2$ and temperature. The carbon contents of the two species were higher under the treatment than under the control. The C/N ratio of P. insularis was higher under the treatment but that of P. americana was not significantly affected by $CO_2$ and temperature. These results demonstrated that the physiological responses of P. insularis native plants might be more sensitively influenced by a $CO_2$-mediated global warming situation than those of the P. americana invasive plants.

Antioxdant Activity of Hibiscus cannabinus L. Leaves in Different Growth Time (생육시기에 따른 양마 잎의 항산화 활성)

  • Jin, Cheng-Wu;Eom, Seok-Hyun;Park, Hyoung-Jae;Ghimeray, Amal Kumar;Yu, Chang-Yeon;Cho, Dong-Ha
    • Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.21-25
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    • 2009
  • The results on the useful functional compounds of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) leaves cultivated in reclaimed lands and the biological activity effects of extracts were as follows. On 98 days after sowing (DAS) Tainung-2 showed the highest total chlorophyll content (1.68 mg/g), and on 141 DAS Dowling showed higher chlorophyll content (1.50 mg/g) than the other two did. In all cultivars the total chlorophyll content was higher on 141 DAS than on 98 DAS. Total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents were the highest in Tainung-2 (30.50 mg/g and 57.03 mg/g, respectively), and total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents (30.50 mg/g and 57.03 mg/g, respectively) were the highest in 30% ethanol extraction. Ascorbic acid contents were higher on 141 DAS than on 98 DAS in three cultivars. SOD activities of kenaf leaf extract were generally over 90%. DPPH radical scavenging activity of Tainung-2 was higher than others.

Photosynthesis, Chlorophyll Contents and Leaf Characteristics of Illicium anisatum under Different Shading Treatments (비음처리에 따른 붓순나무의 광합성, 엽록소 함량 및 엽 특성)

  • Son, Seog-Gu;Han, Jin-Gyu;Kim, Chan-Soo;Hwang, Suk-In;Jeong, Jin-Heon;Lee, Sung-Gie
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.16 no.11
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    • pp.1313-1318
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    • 2007
  • Illicium anisatum was bred under four different light intensity. Those condition were full sunlight(PPFD $1600{\mu} mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$), 30% treatment(PPFD $400{\mu} mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$), 50% treatment(PPFD $250{\mu} mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$) and 70% treatment(PPFD $100{\mu} mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$), respectively. Chlorophyll a and b were increased according to decrease of light intensity. Thirty percent and 50% treatment had not significant different in chlorophyll a and b. Thirty percent treatment was shown the best photosynthetic activity through invested photosynthetic rate, intercellular $CO_2$ concentration and water use efficiency. Photosynthetic activity trend of 50% treatment was similar to 30% treatment. Seventy percent treatment was shown the best photosynthetic activity at low light intensity but that was decreased to lower value than 30% and 50% treatment under high intensity. Control, bred full sunlight, was shown the worst photosynthetic activity at measured all light intensity. That result could imply that was caused by photo-inhibition because of long term exposed of shade tolerant plant at high light intensity. Leaf characteristics had not significant different in leaf length, width and area but leaf dry weight had similar trend to photosynthetic activity.

Effects of Rare Earth and Nitrogen Application on the Growth and Nitrate Content of Chicory (희토 및 질소시용이 치커리의 성장과 질산태질소 함량에 미치는 영향)

  • Hur, S.N.;Li, S.Y.
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.43-48
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    • 2003
  • The effect of rare earth(RE) at three difference levels of nitrogen on the growth and nitrate content of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) were studied in terms of leaf size, fresh and dry weight increase, and chlorophyll and nitrate content grown in plastic pots within glasshouse. Leaf size was enlarged as the level of nitrogen applied was high, and leaf within, length, and thickness of leaf were increased by RE treatment showing significant difference at high nitrogen(N+1) plot. As the level of nitrogen applied was high, as fresh and dry weight per plant was increased significantly(p<0.05), and sprinkling cabbage with RE increased fresh and dry matter yield to 2∼12, 4∼6.2% more, respectively. Dry matter content of Chinese cabbage was increased by RE sprinkling. At all levels of nitrogen fertilized chlorophyll contents were increased by RE treatment. As the level of nitrogen was high, as the content of chlorophyll was highly increased by RE. Nitrate was accumulated more at high level of nitrogen application, but nitrate was decreased by RE application, 40% decrease at very high nitrogen plot(N+2). RE stimulated the growth of chicory with high chlorophyll content, and showed the possibility producing high quality agricultural products low in nitrate content.